Jenkins v. United States, 380 U.S. 445 (1965)

U.S. Supreme Court

Jenkins v. United States

No. 761

Argued April 1,1965

Decided April 5, 1965

380 U.S. 445

Syllabus

After some deliberation on a two-count indictment, the jury sent a note to the trial judge advising that it was unable to arrive a a verdict "on both counts because of insufficient evidence." I n his response, the judge stated that the jury had to reach a decision. Thereafter, the petitioner was found guilty on one count.

Held: in its context and under all the circumstances of this case, the judge's statement had a coercive effect on the jury, and therefore the conviction must be reversed.

117 U.S.App.D.C. 346, 330 F. 2d 220, reversed and remanded.

U.S. Supreme Court

Jenkins v. United States

No. 761

Argued April 1,1965

Decided April 5, 1965

380 U.S. 445

CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

Syllabus

After some deliberation on a two-count indictment, the jury sent a note to the trial judge advising that it was unable to arrive a a verdict "on both counts because of insufficient evidence." I n his response, the judge stated that the jury had to reach a decision. Thereafter, the petitioner was found guilty on one count.

Held: in its context and under all the circumstances of this case, the judge's statement had a coercive effect on the jury, and therefore the conviction must be reversed.

117 U.S.App.D.C. 346, 330 F. 2d 220, reversed and remanded.

PER CURIAM.

Petitioner was charged in a two-count indictment in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia with robbing a High's Dairy Products store on December 27, 1962 (count 1), and with assault with intent to rob upon the proprietress of a grocery store on January 24, 1963 (count 2), in violation of §§ 22-2901 and 22-501, respectively, of the District of Columbia Code. Following a trial by jury, he was found guilty on count 1 and not guilty on count 2. He was sentenced to imprisonment for from 3 to 10 years. A divided Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction, 117 U.S.App.D.C. 346, 330 F.2d 220. A petition for rehearing en banc was denied, four judges dissenting.

Page 380 U. S. 446

Slightly more than two hours after the jury retired to deliberate, the jury sent a note to the trial judge advising that it had been unable to agree upon a verdict "on both counts because of insufficient evidence." The judge thereupon recalled the jury to the courtroom and, in the course of his response, stated that "You have got to reach a decision in this case." We granted certiorari, 379 U.S. 944, to consider whether, in its context and under all the circumstances of this case, the statement was coercive. The Solicitor General, in his brief in this Court, stated:

"Of course, if this Court should conclude that the judge's statement had the coercive effect attributed to it, the judgment should be reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial; the principle that jurors may not be coerced into surrendering views conscientiously held is so clear as to require no elaboration."

Upon review of the record, we conclude that, in its context and under all the circumstances, the judge's statement had the coercive effect attributed to it. Accordingly, the judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial. Cf. Brasfield v. United States, 272 U. S. 448, 272 U. S. 450; Burton v. United States, 196 U. S. 283, 196 U. S. 307-308; United States v. Rogers, 289 F.2d 433, 435 (C.A.4th Cir.)

It is so ordered.

MR. JUSTICE CLARK and MR. JUSTICE HARLAN dissent.