Larson Co. v. Wrigley Co., 277 U.S. 97 (1928)

U.S. Supreme Court

Larson Co. v. Wrigley Co., 277 U.S. 97 (1928) Larson Co. v. Wrigley Co.

No. 603

Argued April 26, 1928

Decided May 14, 1928

277 U.S. 97

CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT

Syllabus

Upon an accounting of net profits derived from sales of goods in packages simulating those of a competitor, the defendant, if the infringement was conscious and deliberate, is not entitled to deduct the federal income and excess profits taxes. P. 277 U. S. 99.

20 F.2d 830, reversed.

Page 277 U. S. 98

Certiorari, 275 U.S. 521, to a decree of the circuit court of appeals, approving in the main, but remanding for the making of certain deductions, a decree of the district court for net profits on an accounting in a suit for unfair competition. The only question upon which certiorari was allowed, was whether federal income and excess profits taxes should be deducted. See also 253 Fed. 914; 275 id., 535; 5 F.2d 731, 739; 248 U.S. 580.

Page 277 U. S. 99

MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

There has been long litigation between the parties in this suit, the last stage of which appears in 20 F.2d 830. The Wrigley Company was ordered to account for net profits on sales of its "Doublemint" gum in a package dress that infringed the Larson Company's "Wintermint" gum package. During the accounting, questions arose that were decided by the circuit court of appeals. To review one of these questions, a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court. 275 U.S. 521. That question is whether, as held below with modifications that need not be mentioned, the Wrigley Company should be allowed to deduct the federal income and excess profits taxes from the profits with which it is to be charged.

No doubt there are cases in which such a deduction would be proper. But the question cannot be answered by the merely formal reply that, if the Larson Company chooses to make the Wrigley Company its agent or trustee ex maleficio and to demand the profits made by the agent, it must take the burden with the benefit, and can have no more than the agent made in fact. To call the infringer an agent or trustee is not to state a fact, but merely to indicate a mode of approach and an imperfect analogy by which the wrongdoer will be made to hand over the proceeds

Page 277 U. S. 100

of his wrong. Circumstances will affect the conclusion, including in them the knowledge and the conduct of the party charged. It would be unjust to charge an infringer with the gross amount of his sales without allowing him for the materials and labor that were necessary to produce the things sold, but it does not follow that he should be allowed what he paid for the chance to do what he knew that he had no right to do. That is the position of the Wrigley Company as we understand the findings in the successive stages of this suit. 253 F. 914, 916; 275 F. 535, 537, 538; 5 F.2d 731, 739; 20 F.2d 830, 831. Even if the only relief that the Wrigley Company can get is a deduction from gross income when the amount of its liability is finally determined, the Larson Company will have to pay a tax on the Wrigley profits when it receives them, and in a case of what has been found to have been one of conscious and deliberate wrongdoing, we think it just that the further deduction should not be allowed.

Decree as to allowance of federal taxes reversed.