Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. Co. v. Polt, 232 U.S. 165 (1914)

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U.S. Supreme Court

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. Co. v. Polt, 232 U.S. 165 (1914)

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul

Railway Company v. Polt

No. 161

Argued January 16, 1914

Decided January 26, 1914

232 U.S. 165

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Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. Co. v. Polt, 232 U.S. 165 (1914) Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Railway Company v. Polt
No. 161
Argued January 16, 1914
Decided January 26, 1914
232 U.S. 165

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA

Syllabus

While the states have a large latitude in the policy they will pursue in regard to enforcing prompt settlement of claims against railroad companies, the rudiments of fair play to the companies as required by the Fourteenth Amendment must be recognized.

The statute of South Dakota of 1907, c. 215, making railroad companies liable for double damages in case of failure to pay a claim or to offer

Page 232 U. S. 166

a sum equal to what the jury finds the claimant entitled to, held to be unconstitutional depriving the companies of their property without due process of law. St. Louis, Iron Mtn. & Southern Ry. v. Wynne, 224 U. S. 354, followed; Yazoo & Miss. Valley R. Co. v. Jackson Vinegar Co., 226 U. S. 217, distinguished.

26 S.D. 378 reversed.

The facts, which involve the validity under the due process provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment of a judgment for double damages entered under a railroad claim statute of South Dakota, are stated in the opinion

Page 232 U. S. 167

MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

This was a suit against the plaintiff in error for loss of property destroyed by fire communicated from its locomotive engine. A statute of South Dakota, after making the railroad company absolutely responsible in such cases, goes on to make it liable for double the amount of damage actually sustained unless it pays the full amount within sixty days from notice. If, within sixty days, it shall

"offer in writing to pay a fixed sum, being the full amount of the damages sustained, and the owner shall refuse to accept the same, then in any action thereafter brought for such damages, when such owner recovers a less sum as damages than the amount so offered, then such owner shall recover only his damages, and the railway company shall recover its costs."

S.D.Laws 1907, c. 215. The plaintiff got a verdict for $780. The railroad had offered $500 -- less, that is, than the amount of the verdict -- while the plaintiff, on the other hand, demanded more. In his demand, his declaration, and his testimony, he set the damage at $838.20. A judgment for double damages was affirmed by the supreme court of the state. 26 S.D. 378.

The defendant in error presented no argument, probably because he realized that, under the recent decisions

Page 232 U. S. 168

of this Court, the judgment could not be sustained. No doubt the states have a large latitude in the policy that they will pursue and enforce, but the rudiments of fair play required by the Fourteenth Amendment are wanting when a defendant is required to guess rightly what a jury will find, or pay double if that body sees fit to add one cent to the amount that was tendered, although the tender was obviously futile because of an excessive demand. The case is covered by St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Ry. Co. v. Wynne, 224 U. S. 354. It is not like those in which a moderate penalty is imposed for failure to satisfy a demand found to be just. Yazoo & Mississippi Valley R. Co. v. Jackson Vinegar Co., 226 U. S. 217.

Judgment reversed.

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