State ex rel. Bobrycki v. Hill, Judge
Annotate this CaseJanuary 1998 Term
__________
No. 24500
__________
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA EX REL. STEPHEN BOBRYCKI,
Petitioner
v.
HONORABLE GEORGE W. HILL, JR.,
JUDGE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF WOOD COUNTY,
AND BARBARA R. BOBRYCKI,
Respondents
__________________________________________________________________
Petition for Writ of Prohibition
WRIT DENIED
__________________________________________________________________
Submitted: January 13, 1998
Filed: June 22, 1998
James M. Pierson,
Esq. William
E. Hamb, Esq.
Pierson Legal
Services Hamb
& Poffenbarger
Charleston, West
Virginia Charleston,
West Virginia
Attorney for Stephen
Bobrycki Attorney
for Barbara R. Bobrycki
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS
"Prohibition does not lie to restrain
an inferior tribunal after its judgment has been given and fully executed." Syllabus,
State ex rel. Burgett v. Oakley, 155 W. Va. 75, 181 S.E.2d 19 (1971).
Per Curiam:See footnote 1 1
This action in
prohibition challenges a final decree of divorce entered by the Circuit Court of Wood
County on August 1, 1995. The decree awarded Barbara Bobrycki and Stephen Bobrycki an
absolute divorce and further ordered Mr. Bobrycki to pay Ms. Bobrycki the sum of $1,500.00
per month as alimony. In addition, Ms. Bobrycki was awarded a lump sum of $53,950.53 for
her portion of the marital estate. Pursuant to a petition for writ of prohibition filed by
Mr. Bobrycki, we issued a rule to show cause because a final decree of divorce had been
previously awarded by the State of Texas on October 3, 1994. Having learned that the State
of Texas has accorded the West Virginia divorce decree full faith and credit, the rule to
show cause is discharged and the writ prayed for denied.
I.
Barbara Bobrycki and
Stephen Bobrycki were married on July 24, 1971, in Boone County, West Virginia. On March
16, 1990, Ms. Bobrycki filed a complaint for divorce in Wood County where the couple had
been residing. Mr. Bobrycki was personally served with the divorce complaint, but he left
West Virginia shortly thereafter. On August 8, 1991, Mr. Bobrycki began residing in Harris
County, Texas. See footnote 2 2
The West Virginia
divorce action had been pending for four years when Mr. Bobrycki filed a complaint for
divorce in Harris County, Texas on August 1, 1994. The Kanawha County Sheriff's Department
executed a return of service reflecting that personal service of the Texas divorce
complaint was made upon Ms. Bobrycki on August 8, 1994. The final divorce hearing in Texas
was held on October 3, 1994, and a divorce decree was entered that same day. The Texas
divorce decree granted a divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences and divided
the marital estate. Ms. Bobrycki was not awarded alimony because alimony was not available
under Texas law at that time.
On October 20, 1994, Ms.
Bobrycki, pro se, filed an "Objection to Entry of Final Decree of Divorce and Motions
to Set Aside Final Decree" with the Texas court.See
footnote 3 3 No further action was ever taken on the motions and no
hearing was ever conducted. Subsequently, Mr. Bobrycki's Texas attorney sent a letter to
the Honorable George W. Hill, Judge of Circuit Court of Wood County, advising of the Texas
divorce decree. Ms. Bobrycki, by counsel, filed an "Objections to Considerations of
Ex Parte Communication" concerning the letter.
The circuit court
entered the final order in the West Virginia divorce action on August 1, 1995. The decree
provided that Ms. Bobrycki would receive alimony in the amount of $1,500.00 per month and
a lump sum of $53,950.53 for her portion of the marital estate. On June 4, 1997, Mr.
Bobrycki filed a petition for writ of prohibition with this Court seeking to prevent
enforcement of the West Virginia divorce decree on the grounds that the Texas divorce
decree should have been accorded full faith and credit.
II.
The threshold issue
before this Court is whether prohibition is available to Mr. Bobrycki to challenge the
West Virginia divorce decree. When this case was first presented to this Court, Mr.
Bobrycki informed us that a final divorce decree had been awarded by the State of Texas on
October 3, 1994, and that Judge Hill had entered a divorce decree on August 1, 1995, even
though he was aware of the Texas decree. Mr. Bobrycki argued that Judge Hill should have
accorded full faith and credit to the Texas divorce decree.See footnote 4 4
After we issued a rule
to show cause, Ms. Bobrycki informed us in her response brief that subsequent litigation
had occurred in Texas. Specifically, Ms. Bobrycki had instituted another proceeding in
Texas, on October 30, 1996, by filing a Petition to Enforce Support and Alimony Obligation
based on the West Virginia divorce decree. On September 29, 1997, the District Court of
Harris County, Texas, issued an order finding that the West Virginia divorce decree was an
enforceable order entitled to full faith and credit. The Texas court awarded Ms. Bobrycki
a total judgment of $117,201.86 against Mr. Bobrycki for unpaid alimony and her
portion of the marital estate pursuant to the West Virginia decree.See footnote 5 5
The record reveals that
Mr. Bobrycki never appealed the divorce decree entered by the circuit court on August 1,
1995. Instead, he waited until after Ms. Bobrycki sought to enforce the decree in Texas
before he sought relief in this Court by filing a petition for writ of prohibition. The
right to relief through an original proceeding of prohibition is set forth in W. Va.
Code 53-1-1 (1923) which provides that "[t]he writ of prohibition shall lie as a
matter or right in all cases of usurpation and abuse of power, when the inferior court has
not jurisdiction of the subject matter in controversy, or, having such jurisdiction,
exceeds its legitimate powers."
Historically, we have
limited our exercise of original jurisdiction in prohibition because it is an
extraordinary remedy reserved for extraordinary cases. See State ex rel. West
Virginia Div. of Natural Resources v. Cline, 200 W. Va. 101, 105, 488 S.E.2d 376, 380 (1997); State ex rel. United States Fidelity & Guar. Co. v. Canady,
194 W. Va. 431, 436, 460 S.E.2d 677, 682 (1995). In fact, "[i]t is well established
that prohibition does not lie to correct mere errors and cannot be allowed to usurp the
functions of appeal, writ of error, or certiorari." Handley v. Cook, 162 W.
Va. 629, 631, 252 S.E.2d 147, 148 (1979) (citations omitted). Moreover, in the single
syllabus point of State ex rel. Burgett v. Oakley, 155 W. Va. 75, 181 S.E.2d 19
(1971), this Court held that: "Prohibition does not lie to restrain an inferior
tribunal after its judgment has been given and fully executed." In Oakley, we
explained that "[p]rohibition lies only to prevent the doing of an act, and
can never be used as a remedy for acts already done." 155 W. Va. at 79, 181 S.E.2d at
21(citation omitted).
In this case, the
divorce decree was entered by the Circuit Court of Wood County more than two and a half
years ago. The State of Texas has accorded the decree full faith and credit and rendered a
judgment to Ms. Bobrycki based upon the alimony provisions therein. Because the divorce
decree has been acted upon, this Court finds that a writ of prohibition is not
appropriate.
For the reasons stated above, the rule to
show cause heretofore issued is discharged and the writ of prohibition prayed for is
denied.
Writ
denied.
Footnote: 1 1 We point out that a per curiam opinion is not legal precedent. See Lieving v. Hadley, 188 W. Va. 197, 201 n.4, 423 S.E.2d 600, 604 n.4 (1992).
Footnote: 2 2 Two children were born of the marriage. The children lived with their father following the separation. It appears that they now reside with their mother. Nonetheless, custody was never disputed, and the children reached the age of majority before any divorce decree was entered.
Footnote: 3 3 This was Ms. Bobrycki's first appearance in the Texas divorce proceedings.
Footnote: 4 4 In Syllabus Point 1 of Johnson v. Huntington Moving and Storage, Inc.,
160 W. Va. 796, 239 S.E.2d 128 (1977), this Court held that:
Under Section 1, Article
IV of the Constitution of the United States, the judgment or decree of a court of record
of another state will be given full faith and credit in the courts of this State, unless
it be clearly shown by pleading and proof that the court of such other state was without
jurisdiction to render the same, or that it was procured through fraud.
We have also held that: "By virtue of the full faith and credit clause of the Constitution of the United States, a judgment of a court of another state has the same force and effect in this state as it has in the state in which it was pronounced." Syllabus Point 3, Lemley v. Barr, 176 W. Va. 378, 343 S.E.2d 101 (1986).
Footnote: 5 5 Counsel for Mr. Bobrycki appeared before this Court on October 8, 1997, and orally presented the petition for writ of prohibition. At that time, counsel did not advise this Court of the ruling by the Texas court on September 29, 1997, which accorded the West Virginia divorce decree full faith and credit. When counsel appeared before this Court again on January 13, 1998, he stated that he was unaware of the September 29, 1997 decision of the Texas Court when he previously appeared and presented the petition for writ of prohibition.
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