Davis v. Davis
Annotate this Case IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST
VIRGINIA
September 1997 Term
_____________
No. 23886
_____________
BETTY L. DAVIS, AS ADMINISTRATRIX
OF THE ESTATE OF ROUCHELL ADAMS,
Appellant
v.
BETTY L. DAVIS, AS ADMINISTRATRIX
OF THE ESTATE OF KIM L. ADAMS, PAUL D. TENNEY,
AND HORACE MANN INSURANCE COMPANY,
Appellees
____________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kanawha County
Honorable Irene C. Berger, Judge
Civil Action No. 94-C-2197
AFFIRMED
____________________________________________________________________
Submitted: October 7, 1997
Filed: November 21, 1997
Mark A. Bramble,
Esq. Daniel
R. Schuda, Esq.
Kesner, Kesner &
Bramble Ancil
G. Ramey, Esq.
Charleston, West
Virginia Steptoe
& Johnson
Attorney for the
Appellant Charleston,
West Virginia
Attorneys
for Horace Mann
Insurance Company
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. "A
circuit court's entry of summary judgment is reviewed de
novo." Syllabus Point 1, Painter v. Peavy, 192
W.Va. 189, 451 S.E.2d 755 (1994).
2. "A
motion for summary judgment should be granted only when it is
clear that there is no genuine issue of fact to be tried and
inquiry concerning the facts is not desirable to clarify the
application of the law." Syllabus Point 3, Aetna Casualty
& Surety Co. v. Federal Insurance Co. of New York, 148
W.Va. 160, 133 S.E.2d 770 (1963).
Per Curiam:See footnote 1
1
This is an
appeal by Betty L. Davis, as Administratrix of the Estate of
Rouchell Adams, from a summary judgment order of the Circuit
Court of Kanawha County in a wrongful death action. The circuit
court, applying the law of Pennsylvania, construed language in
certain insurance policies and concluded that the appellant's
daughter did not "live with" the appellant at the time
of her death. As a consequence, the court ruled that the
underinsured motorist provisions in the insurance policies did
not apply and that the appellant was not entitled to recover
under those underinsured motorist provisions. On appeal the
appellant claims that her daughter did "live with" her
within the meaning of Pennsylvania law, and that the circuit
court consequently erred in ruling that the underinsured motorist
provisions did not apply. After reviewing the issue presented and
the facts of this case, this Court disagrees with the appellant.
The judgment of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County is,
therefore, affirmed.
On December 7,
1992, the appellant's daughter, Rouchell Adams, was killed when a
vehicle in which she was a passenger plunged off a bridge near
Elkview, West Virginia. At the time of the accident the
appellant, Betty L. Davis, who was a resident of Pennsylvania,
maintained five insurance policies with the appellee, Horace Mann
Insurance Company. The policies contained a clause which stated:
We
will pay damages which an insured is legally entitled to recover
from the owner or operator of either an uninsured motor vehicle
or underinsured motor vehicle, but not both, because of bodily
injury: 1. Sustained by an insured; and 2. caused by an accident.
The policies also provided that an "insured" meant
"You or your relative," and they defined a
"relative" as "a person related to you by blood,
marriage or adoption who lives with you." (Emphasis
supplied.)
After the accident, the appellant, as administratrix of her daughter's estate, believing that her daughter was her relative within the meaning of her insurance policies with Horace Mann Insurance Company, sought to recover under the underinsured motorist provisions in the policies. Horace Mann Insurance Company, which believed that the daughter did not "live with" the appellant within the meaning of the policies, refused to pay on the ground that the appellant's daughter was not an insured under the policies. As a consequence, the appellant instituted the present action in the Circuit Court of Kanawha County. There was no issue that the appellant's deceased daughter was related to the
appellant by blood, and the sole issue presented to the
circuit court for determination was whether the decedent
"lived with" the appellant, within the meaning of the
policies, at the time of her death.
After
discovery had developed the facts to a considerable extent both
parties moved for summary judgment. In accordance with the
agreement of the parties, the court, because the policies were
issued in Pennsylvania, addressed the question of whether the
decedent's daughter was an "insured" under the law of
Pennsylvania and concluded that she was not. The court stated:
Upon
due and mature consideration of the evidence presented as a
whole, this Court finds that Ms. Adams' [the decedent's] contact
with her parent's home was temporary at best and . . . that Ms.
Adams did not "live with" her parents within the
meaning of the policy language and that there is no coverage
under the policy of insurance in question.
The court accordingly granted summary judgment to Horace Mann
Insurance Company.
In the present
proceeding the appellant claims that the circuit court erred as a
matter of law in failing to find that the decedent "lived
with" her mother as defined by the insurance policies at the
time of her death.
In Syllabus
Point 1 of Painter v. Peavy, 192 W.Va. 189, 451 S.E.2d 755
(1994), the Court stated:
A
circuit court's entry of summary judgment is reviewed de novo.
This Court has also stated:
A
motion for summary judgment should be granted only when it is
clear that there is no genuine issue of fact to be tried and
inquiry concerning the facts is not desirable to clarify the
application of the law.
Syllabus Point 3, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v.
Federal Insurance Co. of New York,
148 W.Va. 160, 133 S.E.2d 770 (1963).
As previously
indicated, the parties in the present case agree that the law of
Pennsylvania should be applied in determining whether Rouchell
Adams "lived with" the appellant at the time of her
death.
On appeal, the appellant principally relies on the case of St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company v. Lewis, 935 F.2d 1428 (3rd Cir. 1991), in arguing that her daughter "lived with" her at the time of the daughter's death. In that case a federal court interpreting Pennsylvania law held that an individual, Andrew Klinghoffer, who was killed in an automobile accident, did not "live with" his father because, according to the appellant, he did not sleep at his father's home or take meals with his parents regularly.
The appellant argues that it may be implied from this that the
controlling factor in determining whether one party lives with
another is whether he sleeps at the other party's home and takes
meals there with regularity. We do not agree. We note that in the
St. Paul Fire case the court, while mentioning
"regular, personal contacts with the insured's home,"
also stated:
The verb "to
live," in the sense of to live with someone in their home is
defined as follows: "to occupy a home: dwell, reside"
Webster's Third New International Dictionary 1323 (3d Ed. 1986).
The synonym "reside" is defined as "to settle
oneself or thing in a place; to be stationed; remain; stay."
Id. at 1931. These definitions indicate that the concept of
living with someone contemplates, at a minimum, some consistent,
personal contact with that person's home. Occasional, sporadic,
and temporary contacts are insufficient.
935 F.2d at 431-2.
In the St. Paul case the court found that Mr.
Klinghoffer maintained a separate, two- bedroom apartment with a
roommate, and apparently slept in the apartment most of the time,
and this factor apparently persuaded the court that Mr.
Klinghoffer did not "live with" his father even though
he did maintain a separate room at his father's house and shared
family meals on occasion. Further, the overall impression derived
from the facts of the opinion is that Mr. Klinghoffer, although
he ate at his father's home, spent the greater portion of his
time in the separate apartment.
The evidence
as developed during discovery in the present case showed that the
appellant's daughter, Rouchell Adams, although she maintained a
room at the appellant's house and visited there frequently,
rented a trailer in Maidsville, West Virginia, under a one-year
lease, and that she also had a full-time job in Morgantown, West
Virginia. It appears that she spent most of her time in West
Virginia and that a boyfriend shared the trailer with her. She
also paid personal property taxes in West Virginia, maintained
her car registration in West Virginia, and had, prior to her
death, changed her driver's license from Pennsylvania to West
Virginia.
In this
Court's view the evidence in the present case is, as the
appellant suggests, similar to that in the St. Paul Insurance
Company case. In that case, however, the Court held that
under Pennsylvania law the decedent did not "live with"
his father in Pennsylvania. Likewise, the Court believes that,
given the indisputable facts of the present case, which show that
the appellant's deceased spent substantial time in West Virginia,
earned an income in West Virginia, paid taxes and had her vehicle
registration and driver's license in West Virginia, and
maintained all the elements of a separate residence in West
Virginia, the trial court properly concluded that she "lived
in" West Virginia and that her contact with the appellant's
home was of the "temporary" nature which, under
Pennsylvania law, would preclude a finding that she lived there.
Additionally,
the Court cannot see how further development of the evidence
would alter this conclusion. In essence, after conducting a de
novo review, this Court cannot conclude that there was a
genuine issue of material fact, or that further inquiry
concerning the facts was desirable, or that the trial court erred
in ruling that the appellant's daughter was not covered by the
appellant's insurance policies.
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1 1 We point out that a per curiam opinion is not legal precedent. See Lieving v. Hadley, 188 W.Va. 197, 201 n.4, 423 S.E.2d 600, 604 n.4 (1992) ("Per curiam opinions . . . are used to decide only the specific case before the Court; everything in a per curiam opinion beyond the syllabus point is merely obiter dicta. . . . Other courts, such as many of the United States Circuit Courts of Appeals, have gone to non-published (not-to-be- cited) opinions to deal with similar cases. We do not have such a specific practice, but instead use published per curiam opinions. However, if rules of law or accepted ways of doing things are to be changed, then this Court will do so in a signed opinion, not a per curiam opinion.").
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