APPLICATION OF UMBACH

APPLICATION OF UMBACH
1960 OK 50
350 P.2d 299
Case Number: 38539
Decided: 03/01/1960
Supreme Court of Oklahoma

APPLICATION OF PAUL H. UMBACH TO ENFORCE SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM AGAINST A.L. SOLLIDAY.

 Syllabus

¶0 Where an Oklahoma district court, upon the application of a defendant in a Colorado action, refused to issue an order compelling a person, under a subpoena duces tecum, and in connection with the taking of his deposition, to turn over to said defendant copies of his federal income tax returns for certain years for said defendant's possible discovery of information to assist him in defending the Colorado action, and, on said applicant's appeal to this court, it was not demonstrated that said tax return copies constituted 'writing or other thing' which, under Title 12 O.S.1951 § 387, said prospective witness was 'bound by law to produce as evidence', no valid ground for reversing the order appealed from was established.

Appeal from the District Court of Tulsa County; Lewis C. Johnson, Judge.

After application of Paul H. Umbach for an order of the District Court compelling A.L. Solliday to produce copies of his federal income tax returns for certain years, said court denied said application. After the overruling of his motion for a new trial, Umbach appealed. Affirmed.

White & Steele, Denver, Colo., Joe Francis, Tulsa, for plaintiff in error.

Hudson, Hudson, Wheaton & Kyle, Tulsa, for defendant in error.

BLACKBIRD, Justice.

¶1 This appeal concerns certain court proceedings instituted in the District Court of Tulsa County, as an aid to the discovery of certain facts or information for ostensible use in an action pending in the District Court in and for the City and County of Denver, and State of Colorado. That action in which Paul H. Umbach, the plaintiff in error here, is being sued by Stanolind Oil and Gas Company, is described in Solliday v. District Court, 135 Colo. 489,

¶2 Solliday, the defendant in error here, is not a party to the Denver action, but Umbach wants to inspect, or perhaps use, copies of Solliday's Federal Income Tax Returns as a possible aid to his defense in that case. Accordingly, he caused a Tulsa, Oklahoma, court reporter to issue a [350 P.2d 300] subpoena, or a subpoena duces tecum, for the taking of Solliday's deposition at the latter's Tulsa residence on a certain date; and the subpoena directed Solliday to bring with him copies of his federal income tax returns for certain years, when he appeared to give the deposition. Solliday obeyed the subpoena to appear for the deposition with the specified tax return copies, but refused to allow Umbach, or his attorney, to inspect them.

¶3 After an order issued by the above mentioned Colorado trial court, was nullified on jurisdictional grounds in Solliday v. District Court, supra, and Solliday v. Umbach, 135 Colo. 500,

¶4 In support of the District Court's order and/or judgment of dismissal, respondent contends that his income tax returns are privileged, and, for that reason he cannot be compelled to allow the applicant to inspect them for discovery of information, or evidence, he might be able to use in defending himself against Stanolind's above mentioned Colorado action. The applicant, on the other hand, contends, in substance, that it is probable that inspection of respondent's copies of the specified tax returns might disclose, or lead to the discovery of, facts that would be relevant to his defense in the Colorado action, and, for this reason, the privilege contended for by the respondent does not apply, or exist, here.

¶5 In the opening statement under his "Proposition 2", the applicant says federal tax returns are "either privileged or non-priveleged by virtue of federal statute", but in his next sentence he speaks of this statute as granting such returns a "limited privilege." He says that this privilege is derived from Title 26, section 6103, of the U.S.Code; and that our decision in this case must be governed by federal court decisions relevant thereto. He represents that there are two conflicting lines of such decisions, and cites Connecticut Importing Co. v. Continental Distilling Co., D.C., 1 F.R.D. 190, as the "most quoted", or leading, case on the majority view.

¶6 The respondent, on the other hand, urges that the cases cited in support of the applicant's position that federal income tax returns are not protected by the subject privilege when they may contain evidence material or relevant to issues in pending litigation, are inapplicable here, and apply only when the person, whose federal tax returns are sought, is a party to said litigation.

¶7 After examining the decisions cited, we have concluded that respondent's contention is correct. Assuming that, in this case, we are to be controlled by federal court decisions, despite what some of the state courts have said in relation to the subject (see Peterson v. Peterson, 70 S.D. 385, 17 N.W.2d 920, and consider Webb v. Standard Oil Company Of California, 49 Cal. 2d 509,

"The better reasoned view seems to be that where a litigant himself tenders an issue as to the amount of his income, there is no privilege against the disclosure of his tax returns and he can be directed to obtain them from the Government if he does not himself have copies."

¶8 In speaking of Section 6103, supra, the court said:

"The purpose of the statute is to prevent the disclosure of confidential information to those who do not have a legitimate interest in it. But once a person has made the amount of his income an issue in litigation it becomes a legitimate subject of inquiry and he can no longer claim that the information contained in his returns is confidential." (Emphasis ours).

See also Tollefsen v. Phillips, D.C., 16 F.R.D. 348, 349, and other cases cited in the Kingsley case, supra, and Mullins v. Baker, W. Va., 107 S.E.2d 57, 64. The above quotations are, of course, entirely compatible with the statement concerning 26 U.S.C.A.Int.Rev.Code, § 55, in the Connecticut Importing Co. case, supra (relied upon by applicant), as follows:

"Nothing in this statute nor the regulations issued thereunder precludes a court of competent jurisdiction from requiring a disclosure of a tax return by the taxpayer in connection with civil litigation to which the taxpayer is a party." [1 F.R.D. 192.] (Emphasis ours.)

As respondent is not a party to the Colorado litigation, in preparation for the trial of which applicant seeks to inspect his returns, he, of course, has neither tendered, nor joined, any issue therein to which any information, that might be found in those returns, would be material or relevant. Nor does it appear that he has, in any manner, waived the privilege in connection with said returns. This being true, and the applicant having failed to demonstrate that, under the decisions he relies on, the lower court's order and/or judgment was error, said judgment is hereby affirmed.