State v. Highsmith

327 S.E.2d 628 (1985)

STATE of North Carolina v. Charles Edward HIGHSMITH.

No. 843SC827.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

April 2, 1985.

*629 Atty. Gen. Rufus L. Edmisten by Asst. Atty. Gen. James E. Magner, Jr., Raleigh, for the State.

Arthur M. McGlauflin, Greenville, for defendant-appellant.

MARTIN, Judge.

Defendant assigns as error the denial of his motion for a continuance, the exclusion of prior testimony from the probable cause hearing, and his sentencing. For the reasons *630 which follow, we find no error in defendant's trial and sentencing.

Defendant first assigns as error the trial court's denial of his motion to continue in order to obtain witnesses on his behalf. Defendant does not contend the trial court abused its discretion in denying his motion for continuance; rather, he asserts as error the denial of his constitutional rights, arguing the testimony of the absent witnesses was necessary to establish his claim of self-defense. See State v. Chambers, 53 N.C.App. 358, 280 S.E.2d 636, cert. denied, 304 N.C. 197, 285 S.E.2d 103 (1981). If a motion for a continuance is based on a right guaranteed by the federal and state constitutions, the question presented is one of law and not of discretion. State v. Brower, 289 N.C. 644, 224 S.E.2d 551 (1976). Defendant "must show both that there was error in the denial of the motion and that he was prejudiced thereby before he will be granted a new trial." State v. Thomas, 294 N.C. 105, 111, 240 S.E.2d 426, 431-32 (1978). Prejudicial error amounts to a denial of a substantial right, or, in other words, defendant must show that if the error had not occurred, there is a reasonable possibility that the result of the trial might have been materially more favorable to him. Johnson v. Heath, 240 N.C. 255, 81 S.E.2d 657 (1954).

Applying this standard to the case at bar, we find that defendant's rights under the federal and state constitutions were not denied him. Due process requires that defendant be allowed a reasonable time and opportunity to produce competent evidence in defense of the crime with which he is charged and to confront his accusers with other testimony. State v. Baldwin, 276 N.C. 690, 174 S.E.2d 526 (1970). The record discloses that defendant was given the opportunity to fairly prepare and present his defense. The indictment had been pending since June 1983. Although the witnesses had testified at the probable cause hearing, defendant had not been able to locate them on at least one previous occasion when the case was set for trial. Still, defendant had not subpoenaed the two witnesses to be present at the October trial. Additionally, both the defendant and Donald Ray Williams testified with regard to the pistol shots heard before the shotgun blast, i.e., defendant's claim of self-defense. Defendant has failed to demonstrate that the lack of testimony from the two witnesses was prejudicial to him. Their testimony would not have added anything more than corroboration to his defense. See State v. Davis, 61 N.C.App. 522, 300 S.E.2d 861 (1983). Defendant's constitutional rights have not been denied; this assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant next assigns error to the trial judge's exclusion of the prior testimony of the absent witnesses at the probable cause hearing. Defendant sought to introduce this prior testimony through cross-examination of the victim Brown, who was not able to identify the person who testified at the probable cause hearing, only that he "heard that someone said that it was two or three shots fired." He also sought, on cross-examination, to elicit the testimony of the State's witness, Charles Crandell, that he had heard Howard Kennedy testify at the probable cause hearing that Kennedy had heard pistol shots before the shotgun was fired.

When the original witness is unavailable, his testimony at a preliminary stage of the same cause is admissible under the prior testimony exception to the hearsay rule and may be proved by the testimony of a person who heard it. See Brandis on North Carolina Evidence, § 145. A witness is unavailable if he is dead, insane, beyond the reach of a summons, or the proponent of the prior testimony is unable, despite due diligence, to obtain the attendance of the witness. See N.C. Evid.R. 804. While defendant asserts that he exercised due diligence to obtain the attendance of the witnesses by attempting to contact them through his private investigation, we find that defendant has failed to meet the unavailability requirement necessary before the prior testimony may be admitted. Although the indictment had been pending since June 1983, defendant *631 had not subpoenaed the two witnesses to be present at the October trial. In essence, defendant's justification for the absence of the witnesses was that they were "merely temporarily unavailable." From the record before us, defendant has not made a sufficient showing that the witnesses were unavailable. This assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant finally contends there was evidence which was uncontradicted and manifestly credible in accord with the rule set forth in State v. Jones, 309 N.C. 214, 306 S.E.2d 451 (1983), which required the court during the sentencing to find the mitigating factor that defendant acted under strong provocation. G.S. 15A-1340.4(a)(2)i. Defendant has failed to show that he acted under strong provocation. While the original altercation evidenced a threat or challenge by the victim to the defendant, see State v. Puckett, 66 N.C.App. 600, 312 S.E.2d 207 (1984), the ensuing events of defendant proceeding to his residence six blocks away, obtaining a shotgun and shells, and then returning to the vicinity of the original fight manifest actions more consistent with a prior determination to seek out a confrontation rather than a state of passion without time to cool placing defendant beyond control of his reason. The trial judge did not err in failing to find the mitigating circumstance of "strong provocation" under G.S. 15A-1340.4(a)(2)i, and therefore did not err in sentencing the defendant to a term in excess of the presumptive term.

Defendant received a fair trial and fair sentencing hearing.

No error.

HEDRICK, C.J., and WELLS, J., concur.