MARRIAGE OF CONKLIN CLARK
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No. 85-255 I N THE SUPREME COURT O F THE STATE O F MONTANA 1986 I N RE THE MARRIAGE OF CAROLE D (CLARK) CONKI,IN, . P e t i t i o n e r and A p p e l l a n t , and MARK A. CLARK, R e s p o n d e n t and R e s p o n d e n t . APPEAL FROM: T h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t of t h e E i g h t h J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t , I n and f o r t h e C o u n t y of C a s c a d e , T h e H o n o r a b l e Thomas I l c K i t t r i c k , J u d g e presiding. COUNSEL OF RECORD: For Appellant: Hilley & Loring; Emilie Loring, G r e a t F a l l s , Montana F o r Respondent: S w a n b e r g , K o b y , S w a n h e r g & l l a t t e u c c i ; D a n i e l L. F a l c o n , G r e a t F a l l s , Montana S u b m i t t e d on B r i e f s : Decided: Filed: 4ipR 1 3 . A p r i l 15, 1986 1986 8 - Clerk Jan. 30, 1 9 8 6 Mr. Justice William E. Hunt, Sr., delivered the Opi-nion of the Court. (Clark) Conklin appeals from an order of the Carole D. Cascade County ordering the District parties to Court modifying share the child support, children's visitation travel expenses, and relieving respondent of the obligation of making car payments. We reverse. The issues raised by appellant Carole are: Whether the District Court erred in modifying child 1. support? Whether the District Court erred 2. i.n amending the payment of visitation travel expenses of the children? 3. Whether the respondent from his District Court erred obligation to pay in releasing the remaining car payments? The parties were married on December 23, 1967. were adopted when they were infants. in June, mzrriage. 1982, and Carole filed Two sons The parties separated for dissolution of the The parties entered into a child custody and property settlement agreement on July 8, 1.982. The decree of dissolution was entered on August 5, 1982, and incorporated the agreement. At the time of the dissolution, respondent Mark was employed as general counsel for IFG Leasing in Great Falls; Carole was a full time homemaker. PCark's salary was $60,000 per year with potential bonuses of $15,000 to $40,000 per year. The agreement provided that Carole was to have custody of the children, Mark was to pay child support of $500.00 per month per child, and payments of $353.00 per month on the Jeep which was awarded to Carole. Carole moved to Butte, and Following the dissolution, Mark was transferred to Minneapolis, Minnesota. On September 30, 1983, Mark petitioned for modification. On March 20, 1985, the District Court reduced Mark's child support obligation to $250.00 per month per child, ordered the parties to share the children's visitation travel expenses equally, and relieved Mark of the remainder of the Jeep payments. We will first address the modification of child support. The District Court can modify a child support obligation only upon a showing of changed circumstances so substantial and continuing as to unconscionable. make the terms of the original decree Section 40-4-208 (2)(b) . This Court will reverse the District Court onl-y if the District Court's findings are clearly erroneous in light of the evidence in In re the Marri?ge of Carlson and Carlson (Mont. the record. 1984), 693 P.2d 496, 41 St.Rep. 2419. The appellant must show that there was a clear abuse of discretion or an error in the District Court's findings. Reynolds v. Reynolds (Mont. 1983), 660 P.2d 90, 40 St.Rep. 321. In this case, we find such an abuse of discretion. have held that "the conditions and We circumstances of the parties must be examined and determined at the time of the modification upon mere speculative future conditions or possible conditions." Gall v. Gall hearing, and (1980), 187 Mont. may not be based 17, 20, 608 P.2d 496, 498. A careful reading of the findings of fact and conclusions of law indicates that the District Court did rely on speculative conditions. Finding of fact number 9 states: Mr. Clark is now involved in a potential lawsuit in regard to the sale of the Great Falls home. Mr. Clark has presented evidence indicating that the second mortgagee on the property intends to file suit in the immediate future if Mr. Clark does not make satisfactory arrangements to cover the second mortgage on the property. Mr. Clark did not anticipate this debt at the time of the Decree of Dissolution. The amount on the debt is $18,346.07. (Emphasis added.) In its findings of fact number 11, the District Court states that Mr. Clark has purchased a condominium in Minneapolis and "that the complex was purchased without knowledge of a pending lawsuit in regard to the construction of the complex. 1 . Clark is now investment. engaged in a lawsuit to recover his - - - anticipated that in the near future It is not r . Cl-ark will retrieve any of the down payment that his [second.]wife made on the compl.ex." The court relies on (Emphasis added.) speculative conditions conclusions of Law as well. in its Conclusion of law number 6 states that "Mr. Clark has been served notice of a potential suit for the sale of the family home in Great Falls, Montana, on a debt in the amount of $18,346.07. This debt was not anticipated at the time of the dissol.ution of the marriage." Conclusion of law number 10 states that " [tlhe reduction in income plus the presence of anticipated debt results in making the original terms of the Decree unconscionable." The District Court abused its discretion by not limiting its consideration to circumstances in existence at the time of the hearing. At the time of the hearing Mark. was not involved in a lawsuit over the Great Falls home, and it was mere speculation that Plark would not retrieve any of the down payment made on the condominium. Further, there is no substantial credible evidence on the record to justify the District Court's conclusion that Mark's change in cond.ition is permanent. this question before. We have addressed at 499, we In Carlson, 693 P . 2 d stated: The record substantiates that the father is currently unemployed but there is no evidence supporting a conclusion that this substantial cha.nge in the father's circumstances is continuing. In Hughes v. Hughes (Mont. 1983), 666 P.2d 739, 741, 40 St.Rep. 1102, 1105, the District Court findings were held to be clearly erroneous because no evidence was presented to prove that the husband's change in circumstances was continuous. The District Court correctly identified the question involved: "Can he go to work?" The father's evidence failed to show that his unemployment was permanent or that earning capacity had been substantially reduced. In the instant case, the record ind.icates that Mark's salary went from $75,000 the year of the dissolution to $60,000 the year of the hearing. His employer could no longer guarantee a salary greater than $45,000 after July 1, 1985. However, there was no evid.ence to indj-cate that his salary would. not go up again in the future, that he would not earn bonuses in the future, or more importantly, that his earning capacity had been substantially reduced. To uphold the District Court's order, the record must show a change of circumstances so substantial and continuing as to make the original decree unconscionable. the District Court's The record does not support conclusion that the change is continuing. Therefore, we must reverse the District Court on the issue of modification of child support. We also must reverse on the issue of payment of travel expenses. of fact The District Court based its order on the findings and conclusions determined are erroneous. of law which we have a1read.y Finally, we address the order of the District Court relieving Mark of the responsibil-ity of paying the remainder of the Jeep payments. Mark argues that because the Jeep was used " 9 5 % for the children," it is an aspect of child support and subject to modification by the District Court. Mark relies on Phennicie v. Phennicie (1979), 1 8 5 Mont. 1.20, 604 P.2d 787 to support his argument. In that case, the custody and settlement agreement provided that the family home was to be sold within 6 months after the second child graduated from high school-. The District Court modified the agreement and ordered that the home not be sold until the youngest child graduated from high school. We affirmed the District Court stating: We note that a large portion of the child support section of the agreement deals with the paying for and maintenance of the family home. Why the home was to be sold after the second child graduated from high school, rather than after the youngest graduated, is not clear. What is clear is that the home was an integral part of the child support provisions so long as the second child was still a high school student Consequently, we find that the terms concerni-ng the home, in this case, were part of the child support provisions and as such may be modified by further order. ... Phennicie, 1 8 5 Mont. Mark's reliance on Phennicie is misplaced. In this case, the Jeep was clearly denominated personal property in the agreement. The Jeep payments were in no way tied to the support provisions, the vehicle was a marital asset purchased during the marriage and awarded to Carole in the agreement. It is incorrect to argue that because the Jeep is used primarily for the children it is somehow tra.nsformed from personal property to child support. The Jeep payments are part of the property settlement agreement, and as such are governed different rules than modification support. Section 40-4-208 (3) states: (3) The provisions as to property disposition may not be revoked or modified by a court, except: upon written consent of the parties; or (2) (b) if the court finds the existence of conditions that justify the reopening of a judgment under the laws of this state. The conditions justifying reopening of a judgment are found at Rule 60 (b), E4.R.Civ.P. The grounds are mistake, inadvertence, surprise, excusable neglect, newly discovered evidence, intrinsic and extrinsic fraud, misrepresentation, misconduct, and any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment. The District Court made no findings or conclusions regarding any of these grounds in its order. Therefore, we reverse the order of the District Court reli.eving Mark of the remainder of the Jeep payments. The District Court abused its discretion by relying on speculative future conditions and possible conditions. Further, the record does not support the conclusion that Mark's change in circumstances is substantial and permanent. Finally, the District Court erroneously modified the property settlement agreement without any showing of the necessary grounds for such modification. For these reasons, the order of the District Court must be reve We Concur: / 'I I \ i Justices 0
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