STATE v RITCHSON
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No. 82-27 I N THE SUPREME COURT O THE STATE O M N A A F F OTN 1982 STATE O MONTANA, F P l a i n t i f f and R e s p o n d e n t , VS. JAMES T O A RITCHSON, H M S D e f e n d a n t and A p p e l l a n t . Appeal from: District Court of t h e Third J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t , I n and f o r t h e County o f P o w e l l H o n o r a b l e Mark S u l l i v a n , J u d g e p r e s i d i n g . C o u n s e l o f Record: For Appellant: C. F. Mackay, Anaconda, Montana F o r Respondent: Hon. Mike G r e e l y , A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l , H e l e n a , Montana Ted M i z n e r , County A t t o r n e y , Deer Lodge, Montana S u b m i t t e d on b r i e f s : May 1 3 , 1982 Decided: Filed: JUL 6- 1982 J u l y 6 , 1982 Mr. Justice John Conway Harrison delivered the Opinion of the Court. This is an appeal from a judgment of the District Court, Third Judicial District, State of Montana, in and for the County of Powell. Following a jury trial on January 14, 1982, the defendant was found guilty of possession of a weapon by a prisoner. He was sentenced to ten years in the state prison to be served consecutively to the sentence he was serving at the time of this conviction. The appellant, a prisoner in the Montana State Prison, was found in possession of a concealed nine-inch ice pick during a shake-down search. Before trial, appellant moved for a change of venue from Powell County, alleging that newspaper articles had prejudiced the jury, that "the climate of Powell County is such as to cause a prejudgment of guilt," and that "local prejudice will operate detrimentally to the rights of the accused." Attached to his motion were copies of several newspaper articles pertaining to recent security incidents at the prison, none of which involved the appellant, and an affidavit stating counsel's conclusion that prejudice so existed in Powell County that the appellant could not receive a fair trial. At voir dire the defense counsel questioned twentyeight prospective jurors about their knowledge of recent problems at the prison and their attitude toward prisoners in general. No questions regarding the particular news articles filed with appellant's motion were asked, nor were any questions asked concerning the guilt of the defendant or the charge that he faced. Following voir dire four jurors were excused for cause: one because he was a deputy sheriff of Powell County; the second because her daughter worked in t h e p r i s o n and was a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i n m a t e s ; t h e t h i r d bec a u s e s h e was a member of a c i t i z e n s p r o t e c t i v e a s s o c i a t i o n i n t h e c o u n t y and l i v e d c l o s e t o t h e p r i s o n ; and t h e f o u r t h , who l i v e d a s u b s t a n t i a l d i s t a n c e from t h e p r i s o n , b e c a u s e h e r s t a t e m e n t s i n d i c a t e d t h a t s h e had formed an o p i n i o n t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t was g u i l t y b e c a u s e he w a s c h a r g e d . A l l four of t h e s e j u r o r s were c h a l l e n g e d by t h e d e f e n s e c o u n s e l and dismissed. Defense c o u n s e l p a s s e d t h e rest o f t h e p a n e l f o r c a u s e and no j u r o r who s a t on t h i s c a s e was e i t h e r a member of t h e c i t i z e n s p r o t e c t i v e a s s o c i a t i o n , had r e l a t i v e s working a t t h e p r i s o n , o r any c l o s e f r i e n d s i n p r i s o n . S e c t i o n 46-13-203, MCA, f o r changing t h e p l a c e o f t r i a l . is our s t a t u t o r y provision This s t a t u t e provides: " ( 1 ) The d e f e n d a n t o r t h e p r o s e c u t i o n may move f o r a change of p l a c e of t r i a l on t h e ground t h a t t h e r e e x i s t s i n t h e c o u n t y i n which t h e c h a r g e i s pending s u c h p r e j u d i c e t h a t a f a i r t r i a l c a n n o t b e had i n such county. The mot i o n must be made a t l e a s t 1 5 d a y s p r i o r t o t r i a l e x c e p t t h a t , i f good c a u s e i s shown, it may b e made t h e r e a f t e r . " ( 2 ) The motion must be i n w r i t i n g and s u p p o r t e d by an a f f i d a v i t which must s t a t e f a c t s showing t h e nature of t h e prejudice alleged. The def e n d a n t o r t h e s t a t e may f i l e c o u n t e r a f f i d a v i t s . The c o u r t s h a l l c o n d u c t a h e a r i n g and d e t e r m i n e t h e m e r i t s of t h e motion. " ( 3 ) I f t h e c o u r t determines t h a t t h e r e e x i s t s i n t h e c o u n t y i n which t h e p r o s e c u t i o n i s pending s u c h p r e j u d i c e t h a t a f a i r t r i a l cann o t be had, it s h a l l : " ( a ) t r a n s f e r t h e c a u s e t o any o t h e r c o u r t o f competent j u r i s d i c t i o n i n any c o u n t y i n which a f a i r t r i a l may b e had; " ( b ) d i r e c t t h a t a j u r y be s e l e c t e d i n any county where a f a i r t r i a l may be had and t h e n r e t u r n e d t o t h e c o u n t y where t h e p r o s e c u t i o n i s pending t o t r y t h e c a s e ; o r " ( c ) t a k e any o t h e r a c t i o n d e s i g n e d t o i n s u r e t h a t a f a i r t r i a l may be had." Here, t h e d e f e n s e c o u n s e l , i n a t i m e l y f a s h i o n b e f o r e t r i a l , moved f o r change o f venue c l a i m i n g t h a t p r e j u d i c e existed in the community and appellant was, therefore, unable to obtain a fair trial. This motion was argued before the court and denied by the Honorable Mark P. Sullivan, the district judge presiding. Immediately prior to trial, on November 17, 1981, the motion was renewed and again denied by the presiding judge. A defendant seeking a change of venue must show that there is reasonable grounds to believe that a prejudicial atmosphere exists within the present venue which creates a reasonable apprehension that he cannot receive a fair trial. State v. Link (1981), 982. Mont . , 640 P.2d 366, 38 St.Rep. The appellant alleges that during the past two years there has been an unusual number of escapes from the state prison and because of the anxiety which has been created from this situation a citizens protective association was reorganized to do something about the increasing escapes. The local media have publicized the activities of this group and, according to appellant, the result is a poison atmosphere in the community which prevents him from receiving a fair trial. This Court has held in numerous cases that a defendant seeking a change of venue on the grounds of prejudicial pretrial publicity must prove two elements: (1) he must show that the news reports complained of were inflammatory; and (2) he must show that the publication or articles actually in- flamed the prejudice of the community to an extent that a reasonable possibility exists that he may not receive a fair trial. State v. Bashor (1980), - Mont . , 614 P.2d 470, 474, 37 St.Rep. 1099, 1100; State v. Armstrong (1980), Mont ., 616 P.2d 341, 37 St.Rep. 1563, 1572; and State v. Link, supra. The first test focuses on the nature of the pub- licity itself while the second focuses on its effect. of these tests were met by appellant here. Neither The news reports attached to appellant's request for a change of venue referred only to security problems at the prison, not to the offense of the appellant. They were fac- tual reports of escapes and concerned the formation of a citizens protective association, a group which, according to one article, was "designed to focus attention on security problems at the prison and to safeguard residents during escapes." The reports were factual, contained no editorializing and could not serve to inflame the prejudice of the community. Cf., State v. Dryman (1954), 127 Mont. 579, 581-583, 269 P.2d 796, 797-798. The appellant failed to show that the publicabion of the articles actually inflamed the prejudice of the community. He did not inquire at voir dire to find out if any of them had read the particular news articles in question, nor did he present any other evidence or affidavits to support the claim. The voir dire failed to establish the existence of any "indicia of undue prejudice" which this Court has required in support of a motion for a change of venue. See, State v. Armstrong, 616 P.2d at 350; and State v. Board (1959), 135 Mont. 139, 143, 337 P.2d 924, 927. The appellant also makes the broad assertion that the fact that four jurors out of the total of twenty-eight called were challenged for cause in this case tence of community-wide prejudice. contrary. establishes the exis- Our decisions are to the See, Bashor, supra; State v. Hoffman (1933), 94 Mont. 573, 580, 23 P.2d 972, 974, where this Court noted that the excusal of four jurors for cause went "a long way in overcoming the charge that the court abused its discretion in refusing to change the place of trial." We held in Bashor that the real question is whether the twelve jurors empaneled were sufficiently impartial to allow them to fairly reach a verdict. Here, all the jurors empaneled stated under oath they could return a verdict based solely on the evidence which belies the statement that all Powell County juries are unalterably prejudiced by the conditions at the prison. Here, none of the jurors were prejudiced. We find that the jury that tried the defendant was fully qualified to render a fair verdict, and the denial of change of venue was not an abuse of the District Court is affirmed. of discretion. The judgment
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