Rodrieguez Sago v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 06/04/96
OF THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 95-KA-00286 COA
RODRIEGUEZ SAGO
APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
APPELLEE
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND
MAY NOT BE CITED, PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. FRANK G. VOLLOR
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HOLMES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
EDWARD BLACKMON, JR.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: W. GLENN WATTS
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: FRANK CARLTON
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL(FELONY)-MURDER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DEFENDANT SAGO FOUND GUILTY OF MURDER AND
SENTENCED TO SERVE A TERM OF LIFE IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
BEFORE FRAISER, C.J., COLEMAN, KING, AND McMILLIN, JJ.
McMILLIN, J., FOR THE COURT:
Rodriguez Sago was convicted of the crime of murder in the Holmes County Circuit Court and
sentenced to life imprisonment. He has appealed his conviction, claiming the trial court committed
reversible error when it granted a supplemental jury instruction given in response to the jury’s request
for definitions of the words "malice" and "forethought." The request came after the jury had begun its
deliberations.
In response to the inquiry, the trial court drafted an instruction that read as follows:
Malice aforethought is equivalent to premeditated design or deliberate design and not in
necessary self-defense.
The trial court then read the proposed instruction to counsel for the State and Sago’s attorney
outside the jury’s presence. Neither side objected to the court’s evident intention to instruct the jury
further or to the form of the instruction itself. Sago’s counsel, in fact, affirmatively stated that he had
no objection to the proposed instruction. Neither did Sago allege any harm from the instruction in a
motion for a new trial after his conviction.
Instead, for the first time on appeal, Sago claims entitlement to a new trial on the basis (a) that the
trial court was precipitous in giving the instruction without making further inquiry as to the nature of
the jury’s concern before responding, see Girton v. State, 446 So. 2d 570, 575 (Miss. 1984), and (b)
that the instruction could only have further confused the jury. As to the second allegation, Sago relies
on Nicolaou v. State, 534 So. 2d 168, 174 (Miss. 1988), where the supreme court reversed a
conviction based upon the giving of a supplemental instruction defining "malice aforethought."
The alleged error is procedurally barred. Any claim of prejudice Sago may have had was waived
when he failed to timely present the matter to the trial court for ruling. Ballenger v. State, 667 So. 2d
1242, 1252 (Miss. 1995). The rule is well established in this State that an appellate court will not put
the trial court in error "on a matter not presented to [it] for decision." Id. at 1256 (citations omitted).
Even overlooking the procedural issue, there is simply no substantive merit to this appeal. The
supreme court, in considering the issue of further instruction after the jury has retired, has said "there
is no rational reason why we should discourage our trial judges from providing supplementary
guidance." Wright v. State, 512 So. 2d 679, 681 (Miss. 1987). The procedural rules in effect at the
time of trial provided that, upon receipt of a written question from the jury, "the court in its
discretion may then grant additional written instructions in response to the jury’s request." See Unif.
Crim. R. Cir. Ct. Prac. 5.14. While the supreme court has commented on the inadvisability of
attempting to define "malice," see Smith v. State, 237 Miss. 626, 114 So. 2d 676, 677 (1959), a
number of cases have approved of language in jury instructions very similar to that used by the trial
court to further explain "malice aforethought." The purpose for such additional instruction appears to
be to ensure that the jury does not conclude that it must find specific feelings of ill will directed at the
victim in order to convict of murder. See, e.g., Taylor v. State, 597 So. 2d 192, 194-95 (Miss. 1992);
Mackbee v. State, 575 So. 2d 16, 33-34 (Miss. 1990); Thornhill v. State, 561 So. 2d 1025, 1028
(Miss. 1989).
We find nothing in the trial court’s handling of this matter that would constitute such an abuse of
discretion as to warrant a reversal on either basis urged by Sago. The request from the jury was
simple and straightforward. We cannot conclude that further inquiry as to the underlying reason for
the request, as advised in Girton to be "certain he [the trial judge] understands precisely what is
meant in any inquiry from the jury," would have suggested a different response. Girton, 446 So. 2d at
573. As to the Nicolaou case, the error was not in the decision to instruct further on the meaning of
"malice aforethought," but in the language of the instruction itself, which was nothing but a recitation
from Black’s Law Dictionary containing irrelevant and potentially confusing information. Nicolaou,
534 So. 2d at 174.
We conclude, therefore, that the issues presented to us are without merit and that the judgment and
sentence must be affirmed.
THE JUDGMENT OF THE HOLMES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT OF CONVICTION OF
MURDER AND SENTENCE TO LIFE IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS IS AFFIRMED. COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE
ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANT, RODRIEGUEZ SAGO.
FRAISER, C.J., BRIDGES AND THOMAS, P.JJ., BARBER, COLEMAN, DIAZ, KING,
PAYNE, AND SOUTHWICK, JJ., CONCUR.
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