Washington Railroad v. Bradleys, 77 U.S. 299 (1869)

U.S. Supreme Court

Washington Railroad v. Bradleys, 77 U.S. 10 Wall. 299 299 (1869) Washington Railroad v. Bradleys

77 U.S. (10 Wall.) 299

APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Syllabus

1. It is a gross irregularity to hear a case without some terms imposed, on an amended bill filed after replication, without leave of the court.

2. So it is an irregularity to go to hearing without replications to answers.

3. A petition by "way of cross-bill" which makes nobody defendant, which prays for no process, and under which no process is issued is a nullity.

4. A decree on such a bill praying the reverse of what the original bill prayed is fatally erroneous. Nor will the fact that objection was not made below cure a combination of errors so large and so grave as above indicated.

Appeal from the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia in a case of a bill by the Washington, Alexandria & Georgetown Railroad Company against the City of Washington

Page 77 U. S. 300

and J. H. and A. T. Bradley and others, amended by the addition of new defendants, and of a petition "by way of cross-bill," made by one of the respondents in the case, referring to the case by title and stating that "the facts fully appear in the case," praying the reverse of what the complainant had prayed, but not making anybody defendant nor praying process, and under which no process was obtained, the decree appealed from having been a decree in accordance with the prayer of this "cross-bill."

MR. JUSTICE SWAYNE, who thus gave them and delivered the opinion of the Court.

The appellants are the complainants in the case. The original bill made the corporation of Washington and Joseph H. Bradley and A. Thomas Bradley only defendants. The prayer of the bill was that the defendants, Joseph H. and A. T. Bradley, should be enjoined from selling, under a deed made to them as trustees for the security and benefit of the corporation of Washington, the railroad described in the deed of trust, and that the deed should be ordered to be delivered up and cancelled. The defendants answered. The complainants filed a replication. A preliminary injunction was granted forbidding the sale of the road. Subsequently the complainants filed an amended bill whereby they made George W. Riggs and A. T. Keickover, partners, under the name of Riggs & Co., James C. McGuire, D. P. Lengham, and James P. Kibbreth, defendants in addition to those made by the original bill. All the defendants were duly served with process except Lengham and Kibbreth. McGuire answered. Kibbreth also answered, and thus became a party to the record. Lengham did not appear. The corporation of Washington and J. H. and A. T. Bradley failed to answer the amended bill. Riggs & Company also failed to answer, and it was ordered, as to them, to be taken as confessed. No such order was made as to the corporation of Washington

Page 77 U. S. 301

and the trustees in the deed of trust. No further replication was filed by the complainants. Testimony was taken on behalf of the corporation of Washington. The case was referred to an auditor. In this condition of things, the defendant Kibbreth filed a cross-bill wherein he alleged that he was the holder of certain securities endorsed by the corporation of Washington and secured by the deed of trust, and prayed that the preliminary injunction should be dissolved and that the trustees should be required to proceed to sell the trust property for the benefit of the cestui que trusts. This bill makes no defendants and asks for no process. None was issued. It appears by the record that the cause came on to be heard upon this cross-bill, and was reserved to the court in bank. In that court it appears that the case came on to be heard on the answer and cross-bill of Kibberth, the original and amended bills of the complainants, the answers, exhibits, and testimony, and that the court decreed that the preliminary injunction should be dissolved, that the trustees should proceed to sell the trust property in the manner prescribed by the deed of trust, and bring the proceeds of the sale into court, and that all further questions arising in the case should be reserved for future consideration and adjudication. This appeal is prosecuted to reverse that decree.

The record is voluminous; we have adverted to its contents only so far as is necessary to develop the points which we think must control the determination of the case. Several important questions involving the merits of the controversy have been argued by the counsel both in the briefs submitted and at the bar. In our view of the case, it is needless to examine them. We have therefore given them no consideration.

The reference to the auditor was not revoked, and he made no report. For aught that appears to the contrary, the case is still before him for the purposes specified in the order.

The amended bill was filed without the leave of the court,

Page 77 U. S. 302

after the cause was regularly at issue. This was in violation of the 29th rule of equity practice prescribed by this Court. That rule provides as follows:

"After replication filed, the plaintiff shall not be permitted to withdraw it and to amend his bill except upon a special order of a judge of the court, upon motion or petition, after due notice to the other party, and upon proof by affidavit that the same is not made for the purpose of vexation or delay or that the matter of the proposed amendment is material and could not with reasonable diligence have been sooner introduced into the bill, and upon the plaintiff submitting to such other terms as may be imposed by the judge for speeding the cause."

If the defendants, without laches on their part, had moved the court to strike this bill from the files, it must have been done. After the testimony was taken without the objection having been made, the case presented a different aspect. But even then, such action should have been taken and such terms imposed as would have vindicated the rules of practice by which the court was governed and the regular order of proceeding. To hear the case without any order on the subject was a gross irregularity.

If the amended bill is to be considered as in the case, the omission to file replications to the answers of McGuire and Kibbreth was also an irregularity. The 66th rule is explicit on the subject. The replication is necessary to put the cause at issue. If the complainant omit to file it within the time limited, the defendant is entitled as of course to an order for the dismissal of the suit, unless the court or a judge thereof, upon cause shown, shall allow it to be filed nunc pro tunc upon such terms as it may be deemed proper to impose.

Parties defendants are as necessary to cross-bills as to original bills, and their appearance in both cases is enforced by process in the same manner. [Footnote 1] Without the aid of a cross-bill the court could not have decreed the sale of the property covered by the trust deed. It could only have dismissed

Page 77 U. S. 303

the bills of the complainants and have denied the relief sought. [Footnote 2] But the cross-bill was a nullity. It was not before the court, and should have been stricken from the files. The complainants prayed for an injunction forbidding the trustees to sell. The court, upon the cross-bill and according to its prayer, decreed a sale. This error is inevitably fatal to the judgment given.

It is hardly necessary to repeat the axioms in the equity law of procedure that the allegations and proofs must agree, that the court can consider only what is put in issue by the pleadings, that averments without proofs and proofs without averments are alike unavailing, and that the decree must conform to the scope and object of the prayer, and cannot go beyond them. Certainly without the aid of a cross-bill the court was not authorized to decree against the complainants the opposite of the relief which they sought by their bills. That is what was done by the decree under consideration.

There is a large class of cases in which it has been held that objections not taken in the court below will not be allowed to be taken in this Court. We do not intend to impugn this doctrine or to narrow the limits of its just operation. But where there is such a combination of errors, and errors of so grave a character as those which mark the record in the case before us, this principle can have no application.

Decree reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings in conformity to this opinion.

[Footnote 1]

3 Daniell's Chancery Practice 1747.

[Footnote 2]

Wickliffe v. Clay, 1 Dana 589; Canochan v. Christie, 11 Wheat. 446; Eyre v. Potter, 15 How. 56; Price v. Berrington, 7 English Law & Equity 254.