Millsaps College v. City of Jackson, 275 U.S. 129 (1927)

U.S. Supreme Court

Millsaps College v. City of Jackson, 275 U.S. 129 (1927) Millsaps College v. City of Jackson

No. 14

Argued October 13, 1927

Decided November 21, 1927

275 U.S. 129

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

Syllabus

1. This Court has jurisdiction in error to review a judgment of a state court sustaining a tax over the objection that the general taxing act under which it was levied, if applied to the property in question, would impair the obligation of a contract between the owner and the state. P. 275 U. S. 132.

2. In determining whether a contract of tax exemption was intended by a state statute, great weight attaches to the decision of the state court. P. 275 U. S. 132.

3. State court sustained in holding that, where a statute exempted from taxation specifically the lands, not to exceed one hundred acres, used as a site and campus for a college, with the buildings thereon, and also the endowment fund contributed to the college, land not in the former category, but which was donated to and held by the college as part of its endowment, was not part of the "endowment fund," and not within the tax exemption. P. 275 U. S. 132.

136 Miss. 795 affirmed.

Error to a judgment of the Supreme Court of Mississippi, affirming a judgment of the Circuit Court of Hinds County sustaining a tax on land belonging to the College in a proceeding to vacate the assessment.

MR. JUSTICE McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

Millsaps College is an educational institution not operated for profit. It was incorporated by a special act of the

Page 275 U. S. 130

Mississippi Legislature approved February 21, 1890 which contains, among others, the following provisions:

The incorporators and their successors, under the name of Millsaps College,

"may accept donations of real and personal property for the benefit of the college hereafter to be established by them, and contributions of money or negotiable securities of every kind, in aid of the endowment of such college."

"Said corporation shall have the power to select any appropriate town, city, or other place in this state at which to establish said college, and to purchase grounds, not to exceed one hundred acres, as a building site and campus therefor, and erect thereon such buildings, dormitories, and halls as they may think expedient and proper to subserve the purposes of their organization and the best interest of said institution, and they may invite propositions from any city, or town, or individual in this state for such grounds, and may accept donations or grants of land for the site of said institution."

"That the lands or grounds, not to exceed one hundred acres, used by the corporation as a site and campus for said college, and the buildings, halls, dormitories there erected, and the endowment fund contributed to said college, shall be exempt from all state, county, and municipal taxation so long as the said college shall be kept open and be maintained for the purposes contemplated by this act, and no longer."

Two improved pieces of land on Capitol street, in the City of Jackson, were donated to the corporation, as recited by the deeds of conveyance, "in consideration of the aid thereby to be given to the endowment of Millsaps College." They constitute no part of the "building site and campus," and are carried on the productive endowment account at proper valuations. The buildings are rented,

Page 275 U. S. 131

and the revenue derived therefrom is used to defray operating expenses of the college, and for no other purposes.

The city assessed the lots and buildings for taxation. By the present proceeding, the college seeks to vacate the assessment. It asserts exemption of the property by the Act of 1890, and claims that the later general taxing Act, if applied thereto, would impair the obligation of the contract contrary to § 10, Article 1, federal Constitution.

The Supreme Court of Mississippi said:

"The exemption from taxation granted the college covers two classes of property: first, the lands or grounds, not to exceed one hundred acres, used by the corporation as a site and campus for said college, and the buildings, halls, and dormitories thereon erected; and, second, the endowment fund contributed to said college. It is admitted by counsel for the appellant, and the fact is, that the land here in controversy is not included in the first of these classes; consequently the narrow question presented for decision is: does the exemption include land held by the college as a part of its endowment?"

"The endowment of a college is commonly understood as including all property, real or personal, given to if for its permanent support. If the term is to be so defined here, then practically all of the land which the corporation can hold 'for the benefit of the college' will be exempt, for all of such property must necessarily be of one of two classes: first, the campus and grounds on which the college buildings are situated, or, second, land the revenue from which is applied to the support of the college -- or, in other words, land held as a part of its endowment."

"It seems reasonably clear that the term 'endowment fund' is here used in a more restricted sense, and was not intended to include land, for the specific grant of an

Page 275 U. S. 132

exemption on land of a certain character negatives by implication an intention to exempt land of a different character."

And the court accordingly concluded that the statutory exemption in respect of real estate was intended to extend only

"to the lands for grounds, not to exceed one hundred acres, used by the corporation as a site and campus for said college, and the buildings, halls and dormitories thereon erected."

The jurisdiction of this Court is questioned. But the validity of the general taxing act of the state, said to be subsequent to the incorporation, was challenged below upon the ground that, if construed to subject the lots in question to taxation, it would impair the obligation of the contract, and under § 344, Title 28, U.S.C., the cause is subject to review here.

While, in cases like this,

"we form our own judgment as to the existence and construction of the alleged contract, and are not concluded by the construction which the state court has placed on the statute that forms such contract, yet we give to that construction the most respectful consideration, and it will in general be followed unless it seems to be plainly erroneous."

Also, we think, the rule as to the construction of statutes of exemption from taxation should be applied, and where there is room for reasonable doubt as to total or only partial exemption, the latter alone should be recognized. Great weight attaches to the decision of a state court regarding questions of taxation or exemption therefrom under the constitution or laws of its own state. Jetton v. University of the South, 208 U. S. 489, 208 U. S. 499; Chicago Theological Seminary v. Illinois, 188 U. S. 662, 188 U. S. 674.

Applying the doctrine approved by the cases cited, we accept the interpretation placed upon the Act of incorporation by the supreme court of the state, and affirm the challenged judgment.

Affirmed.