Mackenzie v. A. Engelhard & Sons Co., 266 U.S. 131 (1924)

U.S. Supreme Court

Mackenzie v. A. Engelhard & Sons Co., 266 U.S. 131 (1924) Mackenzie v. A. Engelhard & Sons Company

Nos. 55 and 59

Argued October 9, 1924

Decided November 17, 1924

266 U.S. 131

CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

Syllabus

1. An appeal is a proceeding in the original cause, and the suit is pending until the appeal is disposed of. P. 266 U. S. 142.

2. Where the owner of corporate shares, the unendorsed certificate for which was held by another as collateral to a note at first prevailed in a suit brought by the latter in a Kentucky court to enforce the note and the lien, and, under permission of the judgment, withdrew the stock certificate, filed as an exhibit, and procured the shares to be transferred by the corporation to others, held:

(a) That a final judgment, entered after a reversal, sustaining the plaintiff's claim, ordering that the shares be publicly sold, and confirming a sale so made to the plaintiff, was binding, with respect to his ownership so acquired, upon the assignees of the shares, who so took them pending the appeal, although the plaintiff had obtained no supersedeas of the original judgment, and, owing to the tactics pursued by his opponents, had bought them in at far less than their true value. P. 266 U. S. 143.

Page 266 U. S. 132

(b) That Kentucky Civ.Code § 747, providing that "an appeal shall not stay proceeding on the judgment unless supersedeas be issued," was inapplicable. P. 266 U. S. 143.

(c) That the plaintiff's rights under the state judgment to have the shares with accrued dividends or their value was absolute as against the corporation (which allowed the transfer with notice of the suit), and were not diminished in equity by his failure to procure the supersedeas or to pursue the assignees of the stock (since he was not bound to do either), nor by the low price he paid for the shares. Id.

86 F. 813 reversed.

Certiorari, on petitions of both sides, to review a decree of the circuit court of appeals which modified a decree for the plaintiff, Mackenzie, in his suit to compel the defendant corporation to deliver to him a certificate for shares of its stock, or to pay him their value, and for an accounting of all dividends declared since his purchase of the shares at a judicial sale.

Page 266 U. S. 140

MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

This is a bill brought by Mackenzie to compel the defendant corporation, A. Engelhard & Sons Co., to deliver to the plaintiff one hundred and thirty shares of

Page 266 U. S. 141

stock formerly represented by certificate numbered 24, to the defendant, or to pay to him the value of the same, and the amount of all dividends declared upon the shares since July 15, 1918. The grounds are these:

The plaintiff, being holder of a note for $7,500 and of the above mentioned certificate then standing in the name of F. W. R. Eschmann and unendorsed but stated in the note to be security, brought a suit against Eschmann, and others, makers of the note, and the corporation, in the Jefferson Circuit Court of Kentucky, to recover upon the note, to have it declared a lien upon the said stock, and to have the lien enforced. He filed the certificate as an exhibit. The corporation was dismissed from the suit upon its demurrer, but, of course, had notice thereafter that the suit was pending and that the plaintiff claimed an interest in the stock. Indeed, the plaintiff had previously sought to have the certificate that he held transferred to him as pledgee, but had been refused. On November 7, 1914, judgment was rendered for the defendants and it was further adjudged that the defendant F. W. R. Eschmann be "permitted" to withdraw the certificate from the exhibits, leaving a copy in the record. The plaintiff prayed an appeal, but did not obtain a supersedeas, as he might have by giving a bond.

Eschmann withdrew the certificate and on February 20, 1915, obtained in place of it new certificates to his wife and his attorney. On April 26, 1915, the plaintiff perfected his appeal to the Court of Appeals of Kentucky. On March 6, 1917, the Court of Appeals reversed the judgment below, 174 Ky. 450, and on October 31, 1917, final judgment was entered in the Jefferson Circuit Court that the plaintiff should recover the sum demanded and that he had a lien upon certificate No. 24, and the shares represented by it and upon any certificates that might have been issued by the corporation to the defendants,

Page 266 U. S. 142

then the executors of F. W. R. Eschmann, deceased, in lieu of No. 24, to secure the plaintiff in the payment of the debt and costs. It was adjudged further that the shares should be sold and that the defendants should return the certificate to the court. On July 15, 1918, a sale was had, but the attorney for the defendants who also is attorney for the corporation, attended and gave notice that the certificate had been sold by Eschmann and had been cancelled. The plaintiff bought for one hundred dollars, and, on October 30, 1918, the sale was confirmed by the court. Subsequently he demanded a certificate from the corporation, but was refused. All its stock has been issued.

In the present case, the district court decreed that the plaintiff recover his original debt and interest with a dividend declared after the purchase by the plaintiff, in all $13,354.75, with interest from the date of the decree until paid. Both parties appealed to the circuit court of appeals. That court, while agreeing that the plaintiff was entitled to relief against the corporation, held that, as the plaintiff had not obtained a supersedeas to the first judgment in the former suit and had taken no proceedings before the sale to establish what title would pass by it, his relief in equity should be limited to the amount of the debt, interest, and costs in the other suit up to the time of sale, although the plaintiff's right was absolute at law. 286 F. 813. Writs of certiorari were issued on the petitions of both sides. [262 U.S. 739.]

It does not seem to us to need argument to establish that the sale to the plaintiff was effectual as against the parties to the suit. The decree confirming the sale was final, and not appealed from. We believe the rule in Kentucky to be that purchasers pendente lite would stand in the defendant's shoes. An appeal is a proceeding in the original cause, and the suit is pending until the

Page 266 U. S. 143

appeal is disposed of. Therefore, apart from more special considerations applicable here but not needing mention, the assignees of the stock stood no better than Eschmann unless they were helped by the provision that "an appeal shall not stay proceedings on a judgment unless a supersedeas be issued" in the Kentucky Civil Code, § 747. But there was no question here of any proceedings on the judgment. When the final judgment was reached, it determined the rights of Eschmann ab initio, and it seems to us impossible to believe that it did not also determine the rights of the assignees. We understand that this would be the view of the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Golden v. Riverside Coal & Timber Co., 184 Ky. 200, 205.

The liability of the corporation rightly was found to exist by both courts below. The company might be liable even without fault, and if for any reason it were unable to restore the stock it might be answerable for its value. Telegraph Co. v. Davenport, 97 U. S. 369, 97 U. S. 372; Moores v. Citizens' National Bank, 111 U. S. 156, 111 U. S. 166. But here, as we have said, it had notice of the suit. It knew that the first judgment might be reversed, as it was, upon appeal, and was entitled to protect itself, as it might have and for all that appears may have done, when it issued the new certificates. We perceive no reason in the Kentucky Civil Code for distinguishing between its position and that of the assignees.

We come then to the question whether equity requires any diminution of the rights acquired by the plaintiff under the judicial sale to him. It is adjudged that his rights are absolute. It is a strong thing to cut down his rights under the judgment of the state court. The parties stood upon equal ground. Without going further into the facts, each seems to have been trying to get the better of the other, and neither can get much help from atmospheric considerations. The plaintiff did not care

Page 266 U. S. 144

to assume the liabilities of a supersedeas bond, but, if the defendant took no steps to protect itself, it might have done so. The plaintiff was not bound to pursue the assignees of the stock before looking to the corporation. St. Romes v. Levee Steam Cotton Press Co., 127 U. S. 614, 127 U. S. 620. It is immaterial what were the limits of the plaintiff's original interest; he comes before this Court as absolutely entitled to the stock, and the preliminaries to his acquiring the title have no bearing on the case. He got it at a better bargain than he would have done had his adversaries taken a different course, but he got it, and his right is not to be impugned. See Miller v. Doran, 245 Ill. 200.

Decree reversed.

MR. JUSTICE McREYNOLDS, MR. JUSTICE SUTHERLAND, and MR. JUSTICE SANFORD dissent.