Lederer v. Stockton, 260 U.S. 3 (1922)

U.S. Supreme Court

Lederer v. Stockton, 260 U.S. 3 (1922) Lederer v. Stockton

No. 16

Argued October 5, 1922

Decided October 16, 1922

260 U.S. 3

CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

Syllabus

The Income Tax Law of 1916, §§ 2(b) and 11(a), taxes income from trust estates, but exempts income received by any corporation organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes no part of the net income of which inures to the benefit of any private stockholder or individual. Where a fund was held by a testamentary trustee to pay an annuity and, upon the annuitant's death to transfer the fund and accumulated interest to a hospital corporation, and the trustee lent the money to the hospital upon mortgage security receiving back only interest sufficient to satisfy his administrative charges and the annuity, held that the remaining income, retained by the hospital, was not taxable. P. 260 U. S. 8.

266 F. 676 affirmed.

Certiorari to a judgment of the circuit court of appeals affirming a judgment recovered by the respondent Stockton in an action to recover back money paid by him as income taxes.

Page 260 U. S. 6

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE TAFT delivered the opinion of the Court.

The question in this case is whether the Income Tax Law of September 8, 1916 (39 Stat. 756), as amended by the Act of October 3, 1917 (40 Stat. 300), requires the Contributors to the Pennsylvania Hospital, a corporation of Pennsylvania, created for charitable uses and purposes, no part of whose net income is for the benefit of any private stockholder or individual, to pay a tax on the income of a residuary estate devised to it by the will of Alexander J. Derbyshire in 1879 and inuring to its benefit under the following circumstances: the devise was subject to the payment of certain annuities. All of the annuitants are dead save one. The Supreme Court of that state decided that the income could not be paid outright to the Hospital until the death of all the annuitants, and until then must remain in control of the trustee appointed under the will. Derbyshire's Estate, 239 Pa. 389. The trustee transferred the whole residuary

Page 260 U. S. 7

fund as a loan for 15 years to the Hospital, and secured himself by mortgage on property of the Hospital. Under the terms of the loan and mortgage, the Hospital only pays interest enough to satisfy the administrative charges and the annuity. It uses the remainder of the income from the fund for its expenses. It is thus actually receiving the full benefit of the income of $15,000 from the residuary fund, reduced only by the annuity of $800.

Section 2b of the Income Tax Law of 1916, supra, is as follows:

"Income received by estates of deceased persons during the period of administration or settlement of the estate shall be subject to the normal and additional tax and taxed to their estates, and also such income of estates or any kind of property held in trust, including such income accumulated in trust for the benefit of unborn or unascertained persons, or persons with contingent interests, and income held for future distribution under the terms of the will or trust shall be likewise taxed, the tax in each instance, except when the income is returned for the purpose of the tax by the beneficiary, to be assessed to the executor, administrator, or trustee, as the case may be: Provided, that, where the income is to be distributed annually or regularly between existing heirs or legatees, or beneficiaries the rate of tax and method of computing the same shall be based in each case upon the amount of the individual share to be distributed."

Section 11(a) of the same act provides:

"That there shall not be taxed under this title any income received by any . . . corporation or association organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational purposes, no part of the net income of which inures to the benefit of any private stockholder or individual."

Upon these facts, Lederer, the internal revenue collector, assessed Stockton, the trustee, on the income from

Page 260 U. S. 8

the residuary estate for the years 1916 and 1917, under § 2b, and collected the same. The trustee brought suit in the United States district court against the collector to recover the sums so paid as illegally collected. The district court gave judgment for the trustee, and this was affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. 266 F. 676.

This residuary fund was vested in the Hospital. The death of the annuitant would completely end the trust. For this reason, the trustee was able safely to make the arrangement by which the Hospital has really received the benefit of the income subject to the annuity. As the Hospital is admitted to be a corporation whose income when received is exempted from taxation under § 11(a), we see no reason why the exemption should not be given effect under the circumstances. To allow the technical formality of the trust, which does not prevent the Hospital from really enjoying the income would be to defeat the beneficent purpose of Congress.

The judgment of the circuit court of appeals is

Affirmed.