Southern Pacific Co. v. Stewart, 248 U.S. 446 (1919)

U.S. Supreme Court

Southern Pacific Co. v. Stewart, 248 U.S. 446 (1919) Southern Pacific Company v. Stewart

No. 89

Submitted December 20, 1918

Decided January 13, 1919

248 U.S. 446

ERROR TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

Syllabus

As to the jurisdiction in this case, see s.c. 245 U. S. 245 U.S. 359; id., 245 U. S. 562

A stipulation in a contract governed by the Carmack Amendment for the interstate transportation of livestock released the carrier from all loss or damage unless a written claim therefor were made on the carrier's freight claim agent within ten days after unloading of the livestock. Held valid under St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Ry. Co. v. Starbird, 243 U. S. 592, and Erie R. Co. v. Stone, 244

Page 248 U. S. 447

U.S. 332, and observance not excused by the fact that the amount of the loss could not be ascertained within the period specified nor waived by the fact that the carrier, with knowledge of the situation, negotiated for a compromise before and after the period had expired.

233 F. 956 reversed.

The case is stated in the opinion.

MR. JUSTICE McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

Stewart sued for damages sustained in transit by dairy cows delivered July 1, 1913, to plaintiff in error for shipment over its railroad from California to Phoenix, Arizona, under a "livestock shipping order contract and bill of lading" signed both by himself and it, which, among other things, provided:

"Second party [the shipper] hereby further agrees that, in case any loss or damage shall have been sustained for which first party is liable, demand or claim for such loss or damage will be made by second party on the freight claim agent of first party in writing within ten days after unloading of the livestock, and that, in event of failure so to do, all claims for loss or damage in the premises are hereby expressly waived, released, and made void, and it is also expressly agreed by second party that the amount to be by him claimed for each animal as described herein so lost or damaged shall be adjusted on basis of value at time and place of shipment, not exceeding the declared value as hereinbefore set forth, and on which

Page 248 U. S. 448

declared value the rate or rates of transportation hereinbefore named by first party are based, and in no event is there to be any recovery from first party or its lessors for any loss of or damage to said livestock, from whatsoever cause arising, in excess of the declared value hereinbefore set forth."

As one ground of defense, the company relied upon noncompliance with the above-quoted provision. In reply, the shipper alleged, and at the trial introduced evidence tending to establish, facts and circumstances as follows:

He admitted that the cattle were unloaded and received by him July 5, 1913, at Phoenix, and that he made no written claim for loss or damage upon any agent of the carrier within ten days thereafter. But he denied that he could have given notice of his claim within such time, or that he had waived or released it.

He alleged that, on July 4, 1913, and subsequently, the carrier had full knowledge of injuries sustained by the cattle; that they were unloaded into its stock-pens at Yuma July 4, 1913, and, prior to reloading, five died; that they remained in the stock-pens there without shelter or protection nine hours, under care of carrier's agents; that, upon reloading, it provided an additional car for sick and crippled cows; that, at various points en route, the train officials received inquiries from other railroad officials as to conditions, and, after arrival at Phoenix, one of the crippled animals remained several days in a car; that, immediately after unloading at Phoenix and daily until October 21, shipper and the railroad agents were in communication relative to damages sustained; that the nature and extent of injuries to cows which arrived at destination alive made it impossible to determine within ten days the extent of damage sustained, and that a number of cattle died many days after their arrival at Phoenix.

He further alleged that, about October 21, 1913, after repeated efforts to determine the damages, shipper made

Page 248 U. S. 449

demand in writing for $1,570, and on December 15th, as soon as he was able to ascertain nature and extent of the injuries, made written demand for $2,695; that the carrier had repeatedly waived requirement for demand within ten days by recognizing the shipper's right to recover something and attempting to settle and compromise, and that, subsequent to October 21st, carrier, through its claim agents, had twice attempted to adjust with the shipper the loss and damage sustained.

The trial court refused to direct a verdict in defendant's favor. Among other things, it said to the jury:

"I charge you as a matter of law that, if you believe the defendant or its agents or employees did know that five or more of the cattle died while in transit, and also believe that the defendant was negotiating with the plaintiff for a settlement of his claim, and that the defendant knew that the cattle had been injured as alleged in the plaintiff's complaint, then the plaintiff was relieved and released from the giving of such notice of loss or injury within ten days as required by the said provisions of said contracts."

The circuit court of appeals affirmed a judgment entered upon verdict for the shipper July 3, 1916,233 F. 956, and, in the course of its opinion, said:

"There was proof tending to sustain all the facts so alleged in the [plaintiff's] reply. We think, therefore, that the court below committed no error in instructing the jury that in view of the evidence, if they found it to be true, the plaintiff was relieved and released from giving notice within the ten days."

We have jurisdiction, and the motion to dismiss based upon another view is denied. See Southern Pacific Co. v. Stewart, 245 U. S. 359, and 245 U. S. 562.

Considering the principles and conclusions approved by our opinions in St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Ry. Co. v. Starbird, 243 U. S. 592, and Erie R. Co. v. Stone, 244 U. S. 332 (announced since the judgment below), and the cases therein cited, no extended discussion is necessary

Page 248 U. S. 450

to show that, upon the facts here disclosed, the stipulation between the parties as to notice in writing within ten days of any claim for damages was valid. And we also think those opinions make it clear that the circumstances relied upon by the shipper are inadequate to show a waiver by the carrier of written notice as required by the contract.

The trial court erred in giving to the jury the instruction quoted above, and it should have granted the carrier's request for a directed verdict.

The judgment of the court is reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings in conformity with this opinion.

Reversed and remanded.

MR. JUSTICE McKENNA and MR. JUSTICE CLARKE dissent.