When the laws of a state provide that final settlement of an
estate in the probate court on behalf of a person under
interdiction can only be had upon proceedings there setting aside
the interdiction or appointing a curator, a decree of a court of
another state purporting to establish his sanity notwithstanding
such interdiction will not, by virtue of the full faith and credit
clause of the Constitution, operate upon the interdiction directly,
but, at most, would be conclusive in such probate proceedings.
In such case, the district court, sitting in the state where the
estate is being administered, cannot dispense with such proceedings
in the local probate court and require a settlement from the
executors.
235 F. 997 affirmed.
The case is stated in the opinion.
MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the court.
This is a bill brought by the appellant, alleging himself to be
a citizen of Tennessee, to require the principal appellee, the
executor under his mother's will, appointed and qualified in
Louisiana, to pay over to him one-third of his mother's estate --
that being the proportion to which
Page 247 U. S. 17
he is admitted to be ultimately entitled. The defendants allege
that the appellant is a citizen of Louisiana and pronounced
incapable of taking care of his person and administering his estate
by a judgment of interdiction of the Louisiana courts. They say
that the estate has not yet been fully administered, as no final
account has been filed, and that, until the interdiction is set
aside, an account can be rendered and possession of the appellant's
share delivered only to a curator, but that appointment of a
curator has been delayed by the appellant's having taken a writ of
error from this court to the supreme court of the state in respect
of its interdiction decree. 136 La. 957.
Dismissed,
242 U. S. 367.
Pending an application to the supreme court of the state for a
rehearing, Gasquet, who was in custody, obtained his release on
habeas corpus from a lower court, afterwards declared by the
supreme court to have been without jurisdiction, and on July 28,
1914, established himself in Tennessee. On February 20, 1915, he
filed a petition in the Probate Court of Shelby County, Tennessee,
for an inquiry whether he was a lunatic, upon the same day obtained
a verdict declaring him of sound mind, and, on February 23, a
decree to this same effect, which also declared him entitled to
settlement from all persons having control of any part of his
estate,
"any disability by reason of the proceedings against him . . .
hereinbefore mentioned [
i.e., the Louisiana interdict]
being hereby removed."
Armed with this, Gasquet brought the bill in the present case,
and contends that due faith and credit were denied to the Tennessee
decree when the bill was dismissed, as it was. 235 F. 997.
Ordinarily, at least, a decree
in rem is conclusive as
to the facts that it establishes only as against parties entitled
to be heard.
The Mary, 9
Cranch 126,
13 U. S. 146;
Tilt v. Kelsey, 207 U. S. 43,
207 U. S. 52;
Manson v. Williams, 213 U. S. 453. It
may be argued that, if the defendant was entitled to be
Page 247 U. S. 18
heard, he was entitled to notice of some kind, which, of course,
he did not receive in a proceeding that was tried on the day when
it was begun, and that, if he was not entitled to be heard, he is
not bound outside the limits of Tennessee. But we are not called
upon to consider whether this and other arguments are sound that
would need consideration before the plaintiff could prevail in this
case because, in our opinion, the decree was right for the reason
given by the district judge. It may be called a matter of form,
rather than of substance; upon that we are not curious to inquire.
It is enough that the reason seems to us sufficient. Article 420 of
the Civil Code of Louisiana provides that a
"person interdicted cannot resume the exercise of his rights,
until after the definitive judgment by which the repeal of the
interdiction is pronounced,"
and article 421 that "interdiction can only be revoked by the
same solemnities which were observed in pronouncing it." Whatever
may be the conclusiveness of the Tennessee decree, it cannot
operate upon the interdiction directly. At most, it can only
furnish ground for a conclusive right to have the interdiction
removed. When the state laws, as a condition for the final
settlement of a probate decree, require either the revocation of
the interdict or the appointment of a curator, one or the other
thing must be done. It is not enough for the party to show that he
has a right to have one of them done.
It is said that the appellant may have his right determined by
the court of the United States under the decision in
Waterman
v. Canal-Louisiana Bank & Trust Co., 215 U. S.
33. But the short answer is that all that could be
determined in the district court is admitted, and never has been in
dispute. The only obstacle in the way of giving the plaintiff his
share is the obstacle in the way of a final account and settlement,
which must take place in the probate court. By the law of
Louisiana, they cannot be had until either a curator is appointed
or the interdiction
Page 247 U. S. 19
removed. Assuming that the plaintiff has every other right that
he says, he cannot pursue his rights across country, but must
proceed along the road that Louisiana law provides.
Decree affirmed.
THE CHIEF JUSTICE took no part in the decision of this case.