Rees v. Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co., 239 U.S. 463 (1915)

U.S. Supreme Court

Rees v. Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co., 239 U.S. 463 (1915) Rees v. Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company

No. 608

Argued December 1, 1915

Decided December 20, 1915

239 U.S. 463

ERROR TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

Syllabus

A railroad is not to be held as guaranteeing or warranting absolute safety to its employees under all circumstances, but is bound to exercise the care which the exigency reasonably demands in furnishing proper roadbed, tracks, and other structures.

Failure to exercise such care constitutes negligence, but the mere existence of a great number of tracks close to each other in a terminal

Page 239 U. S. 464

where public street are necessarily utilized is not enough to support an inference of negligence.

In this case, brought under the Employers' Liability Act, the trial court did not err in entering a nonsuit for lack of evidence showing failure of the carrier to provide a safe place for the employ to work, although the latter was killed by striking an obstruction while leaning out from the engine which he was on.

225 F. 518 affirmed.

The facts, which involve the validity of a judgment of nonsuit in a suit for death of a railroad employee under the Employers' Liability Act, are stated in the opinion.

MR. JUSTICE McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

Relying upon the Federal Employers' Liability Act, plaintiff in error brought suit against the railway company in the district court to recover damages for her husband's death, alleged to have resulted from the negligent and improper construction and maintenance of its tracks in too close proximity to each other.

At the conclusion of plaintiff's testimony, the trial court, finding "no evidence of negligence or neglect to provide him [the employee] with a safe place to work as to the act he was performing at that time," entered a nonsuit and afterwards refused to take it off. This was affirmed by the circuit court of appeals (225 F. 518) upon the ground that the railroad "did not fail in its duty to provide the deceased with a reasonably safe place to work," and the sole question for our consideration is whether any other conclusion could be legitimately drawn from the facts disclosed.

Page 239 U. S. 465

For use in shifting freight cars and making up trains, the defendant maintains, as a part of its Noble Street Yard, two parallel tracks running north and south along Front street, Philadelphia, from which other tracks, curves, and turnouts lead into different freight sheds, warehouses, etc. These were located and are maintained under an ordinance of the city according to plans duly approved by its officials. At and near the place of the accident, the street is almost entirely occupied by them. The distance between such north and south tracks is much less than the general standard adopted by the company, and box cars moving thereon have barely enough room to pass. These conditions are obvious, and have existed for fifteen years or more.

Deceased was a capable, experienced fireman in a night switching crew operating in the yard, which was properly lighted, and acquainted with the general conditions described. The cause was tried upon the theory that, about midnight, November 18, 1912, while his engine was moving five miles per hour along one of the parallel tracks, he attempted to procure drinking water at a tap in the side, near the bottom, and three feet from the front of the tender; that, in doing so, his body was extended outside the line of both tender and engine and crushed by contact with a freight car standing on the other parallel track, and that the railway negligently constructed and maintained these tracks too near each other.

The rule is well settled that a railroad company is not to be held as guarantying or warranting absolute safety to its employees under all circumstances, but is bound to exercise the care which the exigency reasonably demands in furnishing proper roadbed, tracks, and other structures. A failure to exercise such care constitutes negligence. Union Pacific Ry. v. O'Brien, 161 U. S. 451, 161 U. S. 457; Choctaw, Okla. &c. Co. v. McDade, 191 U. S. 64, 191 U. S. 67; Myers v. Pittsburgh Coal Co., 233 U. S. 184, 233 U. S. 191. A railroad yard

Page 239 U. S. 466

where trains are made up necessarily has a great number of tracks and switches close to one another (Randall v. Balti. & Ohio R. Co., 109 U. S. 478, 109 U. S. 482), and certainly the mere existence of such conditions is not enough to support an inference of negligence where, as here, it is necessary to utilize a public street. Both the district court and the circuit court of appeals felt constrained to hold the evidence insufficient to carry the question of negligence to the jury, and, having examined the record, we are unable to say that they reached a wrong result. The judgment is affirmed.

MR. JUSTICE HUGHES and MR. JUSTICE PITNEY are of the opinion that, upon the question of the defendant's negligence, the only question upon which the court below ruled, there was sufficient evidence to go to the jury, and therefore dissent.