Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. McGinnis, 228 U.S. 173 (1913)

U.S. Supreme Court

Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. McGinnis, 228 U.S. 173 (1913) Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company v. McGinnis

No. 762

Argued January 7, 1913

Decided April 7, 1913

228 U.S. 173

ERROR TO THE COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS FOR THE THIRD

SUPREME JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF THE STATE OF TEXAS

Syllabus

The Employers' Liability Act of 1908, as heretofore construed by this Court, is intended only to compensate the surviving relatives of a deceased employee for actual pecuniary loss sustained by his death.

A recovery under the Employers' Liability Act of 1908 must be limited to compensating those relatives for whom the administrator sues as are shown to have sustained some pecuniary loss.

While the judgment for a claim under the Employers' Liability Act of 1908 may be for a gross amount, the interest of each individual must be measured by his or her industrial pecuniary loss; this apportionment is for the jury to return.

As the judgment in this case must be reversed on a federal question and sent back for new trial, this Court declines to express an opinion on the other questions; upon another trial, the facts may be different.

The facts, which involve the construction of the provisions of the Employers' Liability Act of 1908 defining who are entitled to compensation for damages thereunder, are stated in the opinion.

MR. JUSTICE LURTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

This action was brought in a state court of Texas under the Employers' Liability Act of April 22, 1908, 35 Stat. 65, c. 149, by the administratrix of W. T. McGinnis, to recover

Page 228 U. S. 174

damages for his negligent death while in the service of the plaintiff in error, and while engaged as engineer on an interstate passenger train. The cause of the death was a derailment which occurred while the train was passing over a switch. The defense of the company was that the derailment was caused by malicious tampering with the switch by a stranger, and that the company had not been guilty of any negligence in either providing a safe track and appliance or in the inspection or maintenance of the track and appliances. There was a jury, verdict, and judgment for the plaintiff, which, upon writ of error to the Court of Civil Appeals for the Third Supreme Judicial District of the State of Texas, was affirmed. A writ of error has been allowed to that court, it being the highest court to which the case could be carried under the law of the state.

It is assigned as error that the court misconstrued the character of the liability imposed by the act under which the suit was brought by a ruling that there might be a judgment for the benefit of one of the surviving children, although there was neither allegation nor evidence that that surviving child was either dependent upon, or had any reasonable ground for expecting, any pecuniary benefit from a continuance of the decedent's life.

The decedent left a widow and four children, and the suit was brought by the widow, as administratrix, for the benefit of herself and the four children named in the petition. One of the surviving children was Mrs. Nellie Saunders, a married woman, residing with and maintained by her husband. There was neither allegation nor evidence that Mrs. Saunders was in any way dependent upon the decedent, nor that she had any reasonable expectation of any pecuniary benefit as a result of a continuation of his life. The court was requested to instruct the jury that it could not find any damage in favor of Mrs. Saunders, but this it declined to do.

Page 228 U. S. 175

The jury was instructed, if they found for the plaintiff, to return a verdict for such a sum as would justly compensate the persons for whose benefit the suit was brought for such pecuniary benefits as they might believe from the evidence the beneficiaries had a reasonable expectation of receiving from the decedent if his death had not been so occasioned. They were further told to find a round sum in favor of the plaintiff, and then apportion that sum among all the persons for whom the suit had been brought, stating in their verdict, "how much, if anything, you find for each of said persons." The jury returned a verdict for $15,000, and apportioned it one-half to the widow and the remainder equally among the four children, including Mrs. Saunders.

The court of civil appeals upheld this ruling, saying that the federal

"statute expressly authorized the suit to be brought by the personal representative for the benefit of the surviving wife and children of the deceased, irrespective of whether they were dependent upon him, or had the right to expect any pecuniary assistance from him."

This construction of the character of the statutory liability imposed by the act of Congress was erroneous. In a series of cases lately decided by this Court, the act in this aspect has been construed as intended only to compensate the surviving relatives of such a deceased employee for the actual pecuniary loss resulting to the particular person or persons for whose benefit an action is given. The recovery must therefore be limited to compensating those relatives for whose benefit the administrator sues as are shown to have sustained some pecuniary loss. Michigan Central Railroad v. Vreeland, 227 U. S. 59; American Railroad v. Didricksen, 227 U. S. 145. In the last-cited case, speaking of the Employers' Liability Act, we said:

"The cause of action which was created in behalf of the injured employee did not survive his death nor pass to his representatives. But the act, in case of the death of

Page 228 U. S. 176

such an employee from his injury, creates a new and distinct right of action for the benefit of the dependent relatives named in the statute. The damages recoverable are limited to such loss as results to them because they have been deprived of a reasonable expectation of pecuniary benefits by the wrongful death of the injured employee. The damage is limited strictly to the financial loss thus sustained."

The statutory action of an administrator is not for the equal benefit of each of the surviving relatives for whose benefit the suit is brought. Though the judgment may be for a gross amount, the interest of each beneficiary must be measured by his or her individual pecuniary loss. That apportionment is for the jury to return. This will, of course, exclude any recovery in behalf of such as show no pecuniary loss.

It has also been assigned as error that the defense of assumed risk was, in legal effect, denied, because the court overruled a motion to instruct a verdict for the defendant. The defense of assumed risk was submitted to the jury under a full and fair general charge. In addition, a number of special requests asked by the railroad company in respect to several aspects of the facts were given. The contention is that, upon all of the evidence in the case, there was no sufficient evidence of any negligence for which the company was chargeable, in law, and that, in such case, the death of the decedent must have been due to some assumed risk. We pass this by.

The judgment must be reversed upon the federal question already considered. Upon another trial, the facts may be altogether different, and we decline to express any opinion as to their legal effect. Murdock v. Memphis, 20 Wall. 590.

For the cause indicated, the judgment will be reversed and the case remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.