Swarts v. Hammer, 194 U.S. 441 (1904)

U.S. Supreme Court

Swarts v. Hammer, 194 U.S. 441 (1904) Swarts v. Hammer

No. 238

Argued April 20, 1904

Decided May 16, 1904

194 U.S. 441

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF

APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

Syllabus

Where Congress has the power to exempt property from taxation, the intention must be clearly expressed.

There is nothing in the Bankruptcy Act of 1898 which exempts property in the hands of a trustee in bankruptcy from the state and municipal taxes to which similar property in the same locality is subject.

The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.

Page 194 U. S. 443

MR. JUSTICE McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.

The case involves the validity of taxes imposed upon property in the hands of a trustee in bankruptcy.

The appellant was duly elected and qualified as trustee of the estate of Siegel-Hillman Dry Goods Company, which had been adjudged a bankrupt. The appellant, as such trustee, had in his hands and on deposit in the designated depository the sum of $68,320, belonging to the estate. The appellee, as collector of the revenue of the City of St. Louis, Missouri, filed before the referee a petition alleging state, school, and city taxes for the year 1901 had been regularly assessed against said sum on the first of June, 1900, and that a bill for said taxes, properly certified, had been delivered to him for collection, and

Page 194 U. S. 444

prayed for an order directing the taxes to be paid. The trustee filed an answer denying the liability of the property to the taxes. After hearing, the referee made an order directing the appellant to pay to appellee the sum of $1,298.08, the amount of the tax bill for the year 1901, "together with the accrued penalties and fees provided by laws."

The order was affirmed by the district court as to the amount of taxes, but disapproved as to accrued penalties and fees. A decree was duly entered, which was affirmed by the circuit court of appeals. 120 F. 256.

The argument of appellant has taken somewhat wide range. The case, however, is in narrow compass. The question is not the extent of the power of Congress over the subject of bankruptcy, but what Congress intended by the act of 1898. By section seven of that act, the title to all of the property of the bankrupt not declared to be exempt is vested in the trustee. By the transfer to the trustee, no mysterious or peculiar ownership or qualities are given to the property. It is dedicated, it is true, to the payment of the creditors of the bankrupt, but there is nothing in that to withdraw it from the necessity of protection by the state and municipality or which should exempt it from its obligations to either. If Congress has the power to declare otherwise, and wished to do so, the intention would be clearly expressed, not left to be collected or inferred from disputable considerations of convenience in administering the estate of the bankrupt. Though the opinion of the circuit court of appeals is brief, it is difficult to add anything to its conclusiveness. But, as showing the trend of judicial opinion, we may refer to In re Conhaim, 100 F. 268; In re Keller, 109 F. 131; In re Sims, 118 F. 356.

Decree affirmed.