Greer v. Director, No. 7:2015cv00432 - Document 4 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/30/2015. (slt)
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CL SOFFI U, , ST. ERK' CE S DI COUKI AT ROM OKE, VA FI LED I THE UM TED STATES DI N STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGI A NI ROANOKE DI SI W ON JAM ES CLA U DE G R EER H , SEP 3 9 2 1 95 JUL A c. I DuD BY: ' ct RK - DE W 6L ER CA SE N O .7: 5C V 00432 1 Pe ii r, ttone V. M EM O R AN D U M O PI I N N O D I EC TO R ,VA D O C , R By: G l E.C onr en ad Chi fUni e St e D i t i tJudge e t d at s s r c R espondent . J m e Clude Gr e l,a Vigi a i ae pr e di pr K ,tl t speii n f a wrt a s a er l r ni nm t oc e ng o ied hi tto or i o h be sc r us pls a tt 2 U. C.j2 5 ,c le ig a sae c u tci n lj d me t f a a op , t u n o 8 S. r 2 4 halngn tt o r rmia u g n e e ed agans hi i 1 ntr i t m n 999. Upo r viw o t r c d,t c tc l s t tt pe ii n n e e f he e or he our onc ude ha he tto m us be sl a y dim is d a t i ey fl d a wiho me i. t lmm dl s s e s mtm l ie nd t ut rt Gre ' p tto a d saec u t e o d a alb eo l e idc t t a atrajuy tili e rs eiin n tt o r r c r s v ia l ni n iae h t fe t' ra n n Pa rc Co mt Cic t Cour i Aprl 1 tik t y r ui tn i 999,Gr e wa c c e of fr tde e mtr r a e r s onvit d is gr e lde nd was s ntnc d t lf i prs e e e o ie n ion. Gr e ' a a s t t Cotr of Appe s of Vigi a a t e rs ppe l o he lt al r ni nd he Supr m e Cour ofVlgi a wer uns c s ula e d on Nove r 2000. He di notfl a e t ni e uc es f nd nde mbe d ie peii f awrtofc ri a ii t Unie Stt sSupr m e Cout tton or i e tor r n he t d a e e t Gre camst a t Parc Comt j g n i vod b s d o alg d e ti scfa d e r li h t he tik t y ud me t s i , a e n le e xrn i ' u r by t l d c i i i tgaor Gr r al ge t t t i tga o m a nume ous f le he ea rm nal nvesi t . ee le s ha he nvesi t r de r as Greer v. Director Doc. 4 s a e e s a c m it d m i c t t m nt nd om te s onduc t t 1 d t her o n i c m e a convi ton. Gr r t ha e o w ndi t nt nd ci ee sa e t the pr s nt d t e al ga i i a < oto t va t 't c c i l rVig ni t t s ha e e e hes le tons n t i n o cae' he onviton mde r i a m Codej8. 428,fldi t cosd ci na a ton i Parc Comt Cic tCour.Thecic t 01- ie n he l e rmi l ci n tik t y r ui t rui c tde e t sm o i n o Aprl1 201 wiho co uctng ahea i I 201 Gr rfl d a our nid hi to n i 0, 2, t ut nd i rng. n 3, ee e Dockets.Justia.com pe ii f a m i ofha as c us i t cr ui c r bas d o t s m e alegai nsoffa tton or t be op n he ic t ou t e n he n l to r ud. The Co tdim is d t spe ii on J 1 2013,ast c us r t sa ea c us ofa ton ur s s e hi tton une 2, oo oncl o y o t t a e ci t r sa e lw .1 Gr e ' ha s a mde tt a e r s bea ppea t t Supr me Cour of Vigila wa dimis d on l o he e t r ri s s s e De embe 5, 3. c r 201 Gre sgnedanddae hi j225 peiin onAugu t1 201 The c tc to ly er i td s 4 tto s 2, 5. our ondiinal fld Gre ' p tto , d s d hm ta i a p ae t bet i l Eldt e j2 4 ( )1 , n ie e rs eii n a vie i h t t p e rd o mtmey e md r 2 4 d ( ) a d die t d hi t pr de a addii na i or ton r lt d t t stm e i si s whih he has r c e m o ovi ny to l nf ma i ea e o hi i lnes s ue, c do . Gr e r ies o cli i t s pe ii . tf e sae pr ee ngs i vi a i a e ne e r a s ne am n hi tton' ç ' t t oc di , nvol ng pplc bl -h p o e u e whc ( e r u iz dp ru n t c u t ue , e e (l d epr c s t a e u tl r c d r s ih Gr e) tl e u s a t o o r r ls d nid li u o e j o d q aey i mj p e e t lil is s o c n tmi n lv oain h le gng tej rs ito o t u d ryng r sn l s sue f o si o a i lto sc aln i h u id cin f he n e li l t ci n lc nvcin . ( t 4 ECF No 1) Hec n e e ta hi j2 4peiin i no t l rmia o ito s' Pe. , ' .. o c d s h t s 25 t o s t i y t me fldt e j2 4 ( )1( , u a k t ec u tt a pl t lig b s d o ltrdic v rd f cs ie md r 2 4 d ( )A) b t s s h o r o p y oln , a e n ae s o ee a t a c tons ofco i m e . As r i ,Gr er a ks t s co tt va a e hi c di n a nd ondii nfne nt elef e s hi ur o c t s onvi o nd r m a t c et t sae c r f ane til e nd he as o he t t ou t or w ra . 1 1 Ha a peiinsfld t e j2 5 ae s b è tt a o - e rp ro o lmi to 2 be s t o ie md r 2 4 r u j c o ney a ei d f i t in. 8 t a U.. j2 4 () 1. Ge e al t sp ro be i t r n fo ted t o wh c t ej g n SC. 2 4 d () n r l hi e id gns o u ' m h ae n ih h ud me t y, r of c c i be m e fnalwhe t a lbiiy ofdiec r vi w i e use Se 28 U. C. onviton co s i n he vaia lt r t e e s xha t d. e S. 1 Gr e doe no pr vi ac oft crui c tor r rgadi a ofhi pos- onviton flngs but e r s t o de opy he ic t our de s e r ng ny s tc ci ii , hesae t flo n ra o t crutc ut v frds sighsh be speio ( )t rc r di n ts w tts he olwig e snshe ic i o r ga e o imisn i a a tin: 1 he e o d d o ho t ta te iv siao ' sae ns h d a y c l cin t Gre ' c s;()te rc r dd no i iae wh n te h t h n etg trs ttme t a n ometo o e rs ae 2 h e od i t ndc t e h i tgaorma t f s sa e nt,t cic tnc s roundi he satme s ori or i a nvesi t de he ale tt me s he r umsa es u r ng r t e nt, nf maton boutt pla he e a re n o c ut o e dng i ovngteiv siao ; 3 t alg to si t ep tto weetoc n l oyt ge me t r o rprc e i s nv li h n etg tr ( )he le ain n h eiin r o o cusr o saeacus o a to ;a ( i teiv siao e trdhe o g l plab fr Gre wa c n ce ,Gre tt a e f cin nd 4) f h n et tr nee r wn uiy e eoe er s o vitd er g t s ul ha r ie a cli a uthe m ic ho d ve as d ny am bo r s onduc i hi die a al t n s rct ppe . j2 4 ( )1( . I t d src c u tgve t e d fn a tnoiet tt moin a p a st be 2 4 d ( )A)2 f he itit p r i s h ee d n tc ha he to p e r o t i y a al w s hi a opport t t pr de a a gu e a e de e r a d ng mtmel nd lo m n t y o ovi ny r m nt nd vi nc eg r i mi tmelnes , a t de e nt f l t m a t r quiie s i i s nd he f nda ais o ke he e st howi t diti t c ' m a ng, he src out t y sl rl dimist peii Se Hilv.Brxt 277F. 701 707(t Ci.2002) 'mma i s s he tton. e l y a on, 3d , 4h r . Gre ' p tto i ce ry u tmey fld u d r j2 4 ( )1( . Und rti s cin a e rs eiin s lal n i l ie n e 2 4 d ( )A) e h s e to , conviton bec ci omes fna once t a ia lt of a ali e use and t tm e f flng a i l he val biiy ppe s xha t d he i or ii pe ii f wrtofc ri mii t Unie Stt sSupr m e Cour ha e r d. Se Cly v. t d tton or i e tor n he t d a e e t s xpie e a Unie S ae , 3 U..5 2 5 ( 0 3 . Afe te S prmeCo r o Vign ad ne Gr e' c i na tts 5 7 S 2 , 25 2 0 ) tr h u e u t f r ii e id e rs rmi l a a i Nove r2000,Gr e ha untlFe ua y 2001,t fl a c ri a peii SeeRul ppe l n mbe e r d i br r o ie e tor d tton. e 1 4) Ru e o t e S p e Co r o t e Un td Sae ( iig a p la t9 d ysfo fn l 3 1, ls f h u rme u t f h ie tts gvn p eln 0 a r m a j d me tb Mg s sae c u tt fl peiin f rwrto c rirr) he Gr e fie t fl u g n y het tt o r o ie tto o i f e t ai.W n e r ald o ie o s h a peii hi c c i wa f a a hi f de a flng pe i bega t nm ;i e r d i uc tton, s onviton s m l nd s e r l ii rod n o t xpie n Fe u y 2002. Gre sgned a daed hi j221 peii o Augus 1 201 Eve br ar er i nd t s 4 tton n t 2, 5. n c nsd rn t i d t a t ed t o fln ,p ru n t Rul 3 d o t eRuls Go e zng 2 5 o i eig h s ae s h ae f iig u s a t o e ( ) f h e v ni 2 4 2 IJd rj2 4 ()1,h o eyerpei o l tt nfrfl g ah b a p tto u d rj2 4be ist . n e 2 4 d() te n - a rod f i ai o ii a e s ei n n e 25 gn o mi o n i r n ont lt s off daes u he a et our t : ( t d t o whc tej g n b cme f lb te c n lso o dr c rviw o t A) he ae n ih h ud met e a ma y h o cu in f ie t e e r he e r tonoft tmef s ki s h r ew; xpiai he i or ee ng uc evi ( t d t o whc tei e i n t fl ga a l aincetdb Saea t n i vilto B) he ae n ih h mp dme t o in n ppi to rae y tt ci n oain i c o oft Consiui orlwsoft Unie Stt i r moved,i t a ia wa pr ntd fo he tt ton a he td aes s e f he pplc nt s eve e r m Slngby s h Stt acin; i uc ae to ( te d t o whc t c n ttto a rg tasre wa iial rc g ie byte S p e C) h ae n ih he o siuin l ih setd s nt l e o nz d h u rme iy Cour,i t rghthas be n ne y r c z by t Su e Cour a ma r toa tvel t f he i e wl e ognied he pr me t nd de er c i y applca et ca esoncola ealr ew;or i bl o s lt r evi ( te d t o whc te fcu lpe iae o te cam o camgpe e td c ud h v b e D) h ae n ih h a ta rdct f h li r li rsne o l a e e n dico edt ought e r ieofd dii nce s ver hr he xe cs ue lge . Cm e ,t pe ii fl m or t n tlree ye r a trt c ci n be ame Gnal i un i ey s s he tton, ied e ha lit n a s fe he onvi to c , s tm l t e j2 5 ( )1( . md r 2 4 d ( )A)3 Gr e d e n talg ta h scamsaet l u d rj2 4 ( )1( , s do r mo a e r o s o le e h t i li r i y n e 2 4 d ( )B) ba e n e v l me o a c n tt to li dme tt fl g o u de j 2 4 ( )1( ,b sd o a rg tne y f o siuina mpe i n o ii , r n r 2 4 d ( )C) a e n ih wl n r cog ze by t Unie St t s Supr m e Co t Gr e a kst c tt a y e t bl t lng e ni d he t d a e e ur. e r s he our o ppl quia e oli a t c luaeh sfl g p ro t e j2 4 ( )1( ,b sd o t etmewh n h d so r d nd o ac lt i ii ei d md r 2 4 d ( )D) a e n h i n e e ic vee t sa e c ts alege m iha i of li e rnsc fa c am . Hi e t bl t lng he t t our' l d s ndlng ls xti i r ud l i s quia e oli a g me t aea f lo : a hi fa d camsalg dy t e n f l o M ac 5, 01 , e r u n s r s o lws () s ru li le e l t c me ma' n r h 2 4 wh n b ' he f ie t fl a c ri a ipe ii n a trt Supr m e Co tofVigi ade e hi ha sa a ld o ie e tor r tto fe he e ur r ni nid s bea ppea l onDe mbe 5,201 a ( be we nt tmewhe hi fde a flngpe i alege ye don ce r 3; nd b) t e he i n s e r l i rod l dl nde M ac 5 2 5 a dt d t wh nh fldt ej2 4p tto o Au u t1 , 01 ,a k o a c s rh , 01 , n he ae e e e h 25 eiin n g s 2 2 5 lc f c e s t a i tt i l a tr y a Ri rN o t Co r c i l Ce e pr ve e hi fom flng t o n nsiutona to ne t ve rh r e tona ntr e nt d m ' r ii he j2 4p tto o t . 25 eiin n i me Thec u t i d n mei t Gr e' t l n ag me t. Un e j2 4 d ()D) t o o r fn s o rt o e rs ol g r u n s d r 2 4() 1( , he ne i y a p ro f rsl aj2 5 peiini c lultdfo t ee dis d t wh npei o r a tn e r e id o i ng 2 4 tto s ac ae r m h a et ae e t ine, cig t wih due dii nc ,c d ha dic r d a f to f ct m aeda t hi ha s cli Gr e t lge e oul ve s ove e ac r a s t l o s bea a m. e r neve sa eswhe he frtc ld ha lnr d t f t m ae ilt hi e rnscga cli sa r tt n is otl ve e ne he acs tra o s xti i ud am nd, f rhe u t nnor ne r e pl ns how t i si t ' sa e nt t nni c de e, ve x ai he nve tga ors t t me s mde ned oo nce i t n he vai t oft ve di ti li c e. Thi l k off t a m a tri Gr e ' peii n pr ve s t ldiy he r c n ls as s ac ac u l te n e r s tto e nt he c tfo a c rani whehe hi f rlflng pei u rj2244( ( )D)woul be a our rm s e ti ng t r s edea ii rod nde d)1( d ny difrntt nhi flngpei t rj2244( ( )A) whih hece rydi notme t Si lry, fee ha s ii rod mde d)1 ( , c lal d e. mial 3 The nl ng oft f r lsa or pe i i tled whie any sae ha s cor pr edi ar nni he ede a t mt y rod s ol l tt bea pus oce ngs e pe dn . S e2 U. C.j2 4 d() Be a s Gre dd n tfl hssaec m'h b a peiin l i atrhs n ig e 8 S. 2 4()2. cu e e r i o ie i tt o t a e s t o mtl fe i t fdea fl g peid u d rj2 4 ()l( h d e pie ,h we e,t sae h besp o edig dd no t l te e rl ii ro n e 2 4d ()A) a x rd o v r he tt a a r c e n s i t ol h n fdealpe i e r rod. 4 ' Gr rofe sno e de et tlc ofa ce st a i tt tona a t e pr ve t hi i a wa ee f r vi nc ha a k c s o n nsiu i l tom y e n ed m n ny y fom tlng li j225 peii e rir a rquie f hi t i ke equia e t lng o t r ii ls 4 tton a le s e r d or m o nvo tbl oli f he sa uor Glng pe i Se M coui i v.Pe ki , U . tt t y i rod. e ggn r ns S. - - , 1 3 S.Ct 1 2 1 313 ( 3 3 . 9 4, 9 - 2 201 ) ( dn t th be sp tto ma b e tte t e utb et lig i peiin rs o t th ha ûn ig ha a a ei n y e nild o q ia l oln f t o e h ws ha e s i t be n ptr ui hi r g sdii en l and t ts e ls ng s i ht lg ty, ha ome e r r i r cr lm sa sood i hi wa xtao d na y icl t nce t n s y ml p e e tdtmeyfln , ri h s o a t a imo e c ) d rv n e i l iig o f e h ws cu lr c n e . I a e nt Gr rspe ii n,c n ny ve , ee ' tto ompl i ngm e ey a ani r l boutal ge e r si sae c tpos le d r or n t t our t ound f f de alhabe r le ç Eq e wheetee or e r as ei f l l n c n ito p o e dng , f ist sat any gr o v cin r c e i s4 a1 o t e gv r hr . is s ome e r r i sae pos- onviton pr e ngs a peii r i note il t f de a ha a ro n t t tc c i oce di , ttone s ntted o e r l be s r le be a et a sg ntofe r ltng t t epos- onvi ton pr e ngsr pr e sa ei f c us he s i nme nor ea i o hos tc ci oce di e es nt n a tc on a pr ee ng c l tr t de e i n a no t t de e i n is l. La e e v. ta k oc di olae al o t nto nd t o he t ùto t ef' ' wr nc Brn e , 1 F.d7 0 71 ( t Ci. 0 8 (iainso t d . n k r 5 7 3 0 , 7 4h r 2 0 ) ctto mit ) e 1I 1 Fo t r a ons sa e t c tmus dimi s Gr rs pe ii a untm ey fl t r r he e s tt d, he our t s s ee ' tton s i l ied mde j2 4 () 1 a d a wi u me i. An a p o rae o d rwi is ti d y The Clr i 2 4 d () n s t t rt ho p r p it r e l sue h s a . l ek s dieced t s nd c e oftlsm e a l o ni a ac ompanyi or t pe ii r r t o e opi s li mor ndlm pi on nd c ng der o ttone . ENTER :ThsZ0 d yo Z& i N a f PWM I K A , 01 . 2 5 ClifUnie St t sDititJ te t d a e src udge 4 Whiet cou ha aut iy t co tueGr e ' pr .K. tton lbe al a alegi t thi c ci l he rt s hort o nsr e rs o peii i r ly s l ng ha s onviton wasobt ne by e rpsc gaud,t cou tde i t do s be us Gr e haspr d no f c u bassf s a ai d xti i he r clnes o o, ca e e r ovied a t al i or uch co tucin. Gr rss nisons do no sae t i si t ' na orpr de a f ma deaiswhas r nsr to ee / ubi s i t tt he nvetgaors me ovi ny ac l t l toeve conc r nghe c e ni r onduc whe i occ r d,whatbea i i had,i a on Gr rs2000ti ,orhow a when Gr r t n t ure rng t f ny, ee ' ral nd ee lan d o he alg d fa d. Mo e v r b c u eh dd n tp ee tte e d tist te sae h b a c u t(s e re f r le e ru ro e, e a s e i o rsn h s eal o h tt a e s o r a e i n e b isnzig ) teefcswo l bep o e ual b re 9o rve b ti c r n w. S eCuln v vde c d y t l s, h s a t ud r c d r l ard m e iw y hs out o e le . n y Pih ses5 3 U. 1 0 s1 S Ct 1 8 ,1 9 (01 )(odngta fd rlh b a c u tsrviw o sae n oltr 6 S.7 , 3l . . 3 8 3 8 2 1 h li h t e ea a e s o r' e e f tt c utsa j iaino p tto e' cam i l tdt uh rc r b fr tesaec t4'. o r' dudc to f ei n rs li s i e o te eo d eoe h tt ou' i mi l
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