Jackson v. Fleming, No. 7:2015cv00246 - Document 16 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 6/13/2016. (tvt)
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e N o oF1:g:o. C Wk R :: j,li ii A 7 Mk % V r AN k A FI LED I TI E UNI N ' I TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT FO R TH E W ESTER N DI STRI T O F W R G I I C N A R OANOKE DI SI W ON JA SO N A .JA CK SO N , Pett oner, ii J l% 2 1 UN 26 JUL BY: . D RK . D L C i lA c i N o.7: 5- vvi ton 1 c 00246 M EM O R AN D UM O PI I N N O L.FLEM I , NG R espondent . By: H on. ks L.Kier Jac on s Se örU ni e St esD i t i tJudge ni t d at s rc ie tton or i f J s A . ac on,a V igi a i a e pr e ng pr K ,fl d a pe ii f a w rto a on J ks r ni nm t oc edi o . h b a c pu pzs n t 2 U. C. 2 4t c aln et eci n lud me t n ee b t e a e s o s l ua t o 8 S. j 25 o h le g h rmia j g n e tr d y h r Cic tCo tofBe or Coun y. Re ponde fl am oto t dim is a Pe ii r r ui ur df d t s nt ed in o s s , nd ttone r ponded, acng t m a trrpef diposto Afe r vi ngt r or Igr nt es m li he te i or s ii n. tr e ewi he ec d, ' a Re ponde ' moton t dim isa dimist pe ii s nts i o s s nd s s he tton. 1. Two ce ks T.M il ra C. a tn,we ewor ng a asor i Be or Count on lr , le nd M ri r ki t t e n df d y Ma c 3 , 01 , nPei o re trdc ë igafràm a dwe rnggo e a d ab a kk i r h 0 2 1 whe tt ne n ee a n ie r n ai lv s n lc n t i c p w ih t e s c o . Pe ii ne m otone w ih t fr ann f M a tn,who w ass pi a t he ye ut ut tto r i d t he i e or ri wee ng t foo , o ge be ndt co e whe e M ilrwassa ng. Pe ii rt n poi e t he l r t t hi he unt r r le tndi ttone he nt d he fr a m a M il ' he d and s d,çGi m et mone ie r t lçrs a ai f ve he y.Don' m a m es tyou. M ilr who t ke hoo ' le , ' coul s ebulet i t c i roft r vol r ga Pe ii rt m oneyfom t ca h r gitr d e l s n he ylnde he e ve , ve ttone he r ' he s e se . Pe ii rlf t sor a wa a r sed. ttone e the t e nd s re t Jackson v. Fleming Doc. 16 Pe ii rpl ade guit t us ng a fr n m'n t c m i s on ofr ttone e d ly o i i e r i he om s i obbe y, ng a f o i r bei el n n pos es i ofafr a m a ofa s son ie r nd mmunii n, we rng am a k i publc a t r re . The to ai s n i , nd wo obbe is 1 Cic tCour o Be or Cot y i r ui t f df d mt mpos d affy- a t altnn ofi a c ai n wih t ry ye r e it ye r ot e nc r er to t hit a s s pe us nded. 1TheCom m onweat hadnolepr s d as co c geofusng afr r du i ar bbey. 1h l os e e nd har i ieam rng o r Dockets.Justia.com Pe ii ra a e t t Cour o Appe sofVigi aand t Supr m eCour o ttone ppe l d o he tf al r ni he e tf Vigi a cam i t e de ewa i ufii ntt pr t r re a t tt ti c t r ni, li ng he vi nc s ns fc e o ove wo obbe i s nd ha he ral our er d by de ng Peii ne ' m o i n t r c i rt s nt nc . On Aug t1 201 t re nyi tto r s to o e onsde he e e es us 9, 3, he Supr m e Co tofVigi adim is t s c e y cli onpr ed a gr e ur r ni s s ed he uo i nc am oc m l oundsa r f s d nd e u e t s nt ncng ca m o t m e is he e e i li n he rt . Peii rne fl aha sco puspe ii i t Supr m e Cour ofVigi a a gui ttone xt ied bea r tton n he e t r ni , t ng t thi g lypl swe ei i tilc ha s uit ea r nvald, ra ouns lwasi f e tve a t s co r bbe y e ne f ci , nd he e nd o r c n ito viltd d u ej o ad o vcin oae o bl e p r y.TheS p e Co r ds s e tep tt n atra p yn u rme u t imis d h eii fe p l ig o An e s nv. ad n, 2Va 51 , 6 2 S. 2 8 5 8 8( 9 ) a dSlgo v. ri a , d ro W r e 22 . 1 51 , 81 E.d 8 , 8 1 81, n a n Parg n 21 V a 27, 205S. 2d68 68 (974) t t cams2 5 . 29, E. 0, 2 1 , o he li . Peii rpr s nt t n m an cli si t tmel fl d f de a pe ii A1 buto cai ttone e e s e i am n he i y-ie e r l tton. l ne l m i vet a gumen t tt s c r r c c i vi a e t Doubl J pa dy Clus of nvol he r t ha he e ond obbe y onviton olt s he e eo r a e t Fit Ame e ,al t o he cli c l st i e pr t ton ofa sa el w. he fh ndm nt rd he t r am halenge he nt r e a i tt a Res ponden fl d am o i n t dim is co e ng t tt cai sa e e use b a g ngt t t ie to o s s , nc di ha he l m r xha t d ut r ui ha t c am sa eet rm e il sorpr edzal de a t d.Iag e a g al t m otont dimi s he l i r ihe rtes oc lr ly f ule r e nd r l he i o s s . t II. A. Att he tofni oft n c am si Pe ii nersbeleft tt s co r be y c c i he ar ne e l i s tto ' i ha he e nd ob r onviton c nsi tsd u ej o a d Peiin rb l ve t a h c mmitdo l o r b eyd s iet e o tt e o bl e p r y. tto e ei s h t e o te ny ne o b r e pt h u e f c t cek weei t so e Th S p e Co r o Vignarj ce alcamsb s do t a t wo lr s r n he t r . e u r me u t f r ii ee td 1 li a e n he doubl j padya g nta et rwavedbyt guit pla purua t Ande s v. ade e eo r r ume s ihe i he ly e s s nt o ron W r n, 2Andes hedt tadefndan ' tsi o i s ron l ha e ts e tm ny n uppor ofa a e edguit placa pr cl t t t n cc pt ly e n e ude ha dee nt9om chalngi t vol a i s o t plaorc elspe f manc bef et pla.Sl on fnda le ng he untrne s f he e ouns ' ror e or he e avt p e ld saVignac ut rm rve n ano j s ito a cam i ap tto frawrt fh b a c r u whe rcu e rii o r fo e iwig n-midcin l li n eiin o io a e s op s n t tcai coul havebe n pr s nt a tila on a lbutw a no . ha l m d e e e ed t ra nd ppea s t 2 2 2Va 51 , 6 2 S. 2 8 5 8 8( 9 ) o bardb S a tnv. ri a , 5Va 2 , 9 2 . 1 51 , 81 E.d 8 , 8 1 81, r re y lyo Parc n 21 . 7 2 , 2 5S. 2 6 0 6 2( 9 4 . 0 E.d 8 , 8 1 7 ) A f d rlc u t yg a th b a r le fo asaec u tud me tlnyo t g o d e ea o r ma rn a e s eif rm tt o rj g n ç l n he r un o t a (h peiin r i i c td i vo aino t eCo si o o lwso te te o teUntd h t t e t o e ) s n uso y n ilto f h n tt n r a r rais f h ie t mi S ae . 2 U. C. 2 4( Afe asaec ur a d e s stemeiso acam as rie i a tts' 8 S. j 25 $. tr tt o t d rs e h rt f li lo asd n ' f de alha spe ii nsaf der lc tmayno gr ntt pe ii t es t sae c ts e r bea tto e a our t a he tton ml s he t t our' a j iaino acam i c nrr t , ra t e s na ea pl ai no , lal e tbih d dudc to f li s o tay o o n mr a o bl p i to f ce ry sa ls e c f de al1 w orba e on a t ea ona e deenni ton oft f c s3 28U. C. 2 5 ( e r a sd n mr s bl t na i he a t . S. j 2 4 *. tlq ve u d rj2 4 d ( )i l tdl t rc r t t sbeo et esaec u th t çk e iw n e 25 ( )1 s i e o he e o d ha wa f r h tt o r t a g mi a j iae t cam o t meis' Culnv Pih ltr 5 3U..1 0 1 0 81( 01 ) dudc td he li n he rt. le . n ose , 6 S 7 , 8 - 2 1. ' TheSupr m eCour ofVigi a' dimis lofcli sp ls ntt Ande s wa no e t r ni s s s a am trua o r on s t c r r t ora unr as na e a i ai n of c e ry esa ihe f de a lw orbas o a onta y o, n e o bl pplc to , l a l t bls d e r l a ed n n u a o a edeemiain o t ef cs l Blc ld ev Alio , 31U. 6 , 3 7 ( 9 7 , me s n bl tr n to f h a t. n a ke g . ls n 4 S. 3 7 -4 1 7 ) t Su e Cour oft Urie St t sd e m i d t t he pr me t he lt d a e etr ne ha : ( h 'p e e tto so ted fnd n ,lslwy r a dtep o e uo a . . Tq er r s nain f h ee a t l a e, n h r s c t r t . a e i Ela h a ig a wela a y fndn sma eb t ej g a c p igt ep e , pe ) e rn , s l s n ig d y h ud e c e tn h la 3Theevaua i ofwhehe asaecou tdecson i ic rl t 'orG n unr a onabl a iai of' l ton t r tt r ii s conta. o' a y es e pplc ton fd rl1w ibae o a i e e e t e iw o e c sa ad W iimsv Ta lr 5 9U. 3 2, 2-3( 0 ) e ea a s s d n n nd p nd n rve f a h tnd r . l a . yo , 2 S. 6 41 1 20 0. l A saecut eemiainilotayt'fdrla iiSrie aacncuino p stt t tece b ( e tt ordtr nto sç nrr o'e ea lw ftsrvs t o lso p oi:o harahd y t c a h Uni dSttsS p e lCo r o aq eto o lw o i tesaec u t e ie ac s dfee t ta (h Untd t ae u rme u t n u sin fa r fh tt o r d cd s a e ifrnl h n te l e y e Sae S p e !Co r h so ast fmaeil i itn usa l fcs' I . t 3 tts u rme u t a n e o tral ndsig ih be at. d a 41 . y ' A f de a c tma is t wrtunde t Sunr s bl a i to 'ca ei t f de a c tf t t e r l om' y s ue he i r he t ea ona e pplcain' lus f he e r l our mds ha tesaec u ti ni e tec retg v r iglg l rncpe9o ( S p e )Co r' d cso sb t h tt o r <de tt s h orc o enn e a p i il m t u rme u t e iin u i i he s unr as na ya ist tprnci et t f csoft prs rsc s ' 1 Thi r as blne ssa r i a e o bl pple ha i pl o he a t he ione ' a e. d. s e ona e s tndad s n ' oj cieo e I a 41 A Vigni c u t f i scn tb d e du rao bemeeybe a s id e n t be tv n . d.t 0. r i a o r' i ng a no e e me n e sna l rl c u e t o s o s nd cieet bls d Unied SatsSupr meCo tpr ce nto a is i t r ul r ac i notc rr t t t sa ihe t te e ur e de n n sue f he es t e hed s onta y o hat etbihe p e e e .Mic elv Es ra 5 0U. 1 ,1 (0 3 . sa ls d rc d nt th l . naz , 4 S. 2 6 2 0 ) A fd r l o r rve n aha e sp tto S rs mes te(tt)c u tsfcu lf i st b s t e ea c u te iwig b a ei n < eu l)h sae o r' a ta mdng o e omd i p u e s(eio eqrbus'h p eu to o c reme sb cera c nvn i e i n e' MilrEl Drte nls p tin r e t te rs mpin f orc s y la nd o icng vde c .' l - v. ek , t ' e 54 U. 2 , 40( 0 )( u t g28U. C.92 5 ()1) Fn ly Ca saec u ta ta d tr n to i no 5 S. 31 2 20 5 q oi n S. 2 4 e(). ial,4 J tt-o r fcu l eemiain s t ( unr as na em e ey bec us t f r lha asco t o d ha r c d adirr ntc usoni t frt e o bl r l a e he ede a be ur w ul ve ea he fe e oncl i n he is isa c . W o dv. ln 5 8U.. 9 , 01( 0. n tn e' o Al , 5 S 2 0 3 201) ' e co tt t a f m i bl ba re 'i a s eque colae a pr ee ngs nsiu e or da e ri r n ny ubs nt lt r l oc di . Solm n de a a i i ope co tc n' a sr pr s e clr tons n n ur a y tong e umpton ofve iy. The i rt s e ntpr s ntton ofc l or al ga i uns ubs que e e ai oncus y le tons uppore b s c fcsi td y pe i s s be t o s mmay ds sa, sa ec n e to sta i t f c o terc r u j c t u r imis l a r o tn in h t n he a e f h e o d a ewholy i r bl . r l nc edi e Pe ii ne di no pr s ntt t Supr m eColr ofVigi am o et c l o y tto r d t e e o he e zt r ni r han onc us r a lga i t a tc t va i t ofhi guit plasorwaverofde e es l co r s,Peii r le tons o ta k he ldiy s ly e i f ns . n nta t ttone t si d du e tse dng t pl hea t theha e he ea dng ha d nough tmet t l t c m s la i o a k o ot e boutt c r sand he ha ge a pos i e de e e , de de f hi s l t pl a g ly bec us hewasi f c g ly, ny sbl f ns s had ci d or m ef o e d uit a e n a t uit had notbe n t e t ne orm iteaed i a wa t r t t punihm e r ngef t ofe es e hr a e d sr t n ny y, mde sood he s nt a or he f ns , unde sood he w a wai ng c r a n r gh s ard w a s ts w ih t s r i esofhi a t ne rt s vi e t i i t , l s a i ied t he e v c s tor y. M o e v r Peiin rsdo b ej o r yag me tlc sme .Se e ..Blc blg rv. ro e , tto e ' u l e pad r u n a k dt e ec, o k t e r UntdS ae , 8 U. 29 , 0 ( 9 2 .Peiin rb le e t th s o l h v b e c n itd ie tts 2 4 S. 9 3 4 1 3 ) tto e eiv s ha e h u d a e e n o vce ofonl o r r c r a oneus ofa fr a m i t c y ne obbe y ha ge nd e ie r n he omm ison ofr r c r si obbe y ha ge. Pe ii rbas t sbei fon t f c shet m o y fo onl one ce k a t tt o he ttone es hi le he a t ook ne r m y lr nd ha he t r ce k wasm e e y abysa r t he e am uli e- ihme -orsngl- f ns cli ofdoubl lr rl tnde . ç r W tpl pu s ntf -i e ofe e am e j o r yi ma e tefrtnq r ..swheh ra amatro lgsaiei tn t r ae e pad s d ,h is i uiy . i t e s te f e iltv ne t hee r i ve sngl orm uli e ofe e . Thom a v.W a de M a yl nd St t Pe t nta y,683 F. nvol d i e tpl f ns s' ' s r m r a a e nie i r 2d 8 , 4(t Ci.1 8 ) l t ecam i b s do asaeo fn e fd r l o rsaee s nily 3 8 4h r 9 2 . f h li s a e n tt fe s , e e a c u t r se tal bound by sae c t ntr eato ofsa el sa i i e .1 a 8 Unde Vigi al t t our i e pr t i ns t t egil tve ntnt d. t 5. r r ni aw, spaaer b eiso c rwhe e e ()e c v ci h sc n t ciepo s s ino tesoe e rt o b re c u n v r 1 a h it a o snztv se so f h tln m p o e t a d( )e c v ci i s b e tdt t er b e ' itmi ai n S eS l nv. r p ry n 2 a h it s u j ce o h o b rs n i d to . e ulva m i Co n at 1 Va Ap 8 4, 48 4 S. 2 5 8 5 0 5 1(99 )(n b n )( o dn , o mmo we l 6 . p. 4 8 , 33 E.d 0 , 1 - 1 1 3 e a c h l ig fr h, do ej opadypur es t tt de e ntço de he oyeea t ,c ubl e r pos ,ha he f nda t bbe ac mpl r nd,hus ommit t ted wo r res'e nt obbei ' ve houghonl onee oye ç ial s r ndee mone 'ot dee nt; y mpl e l c ly ure rd phys y't he fnda ) 4 Clyv. mmo we 1 3 Va Ap 25 , 6 5 6SE.d 6 4, 8 ( 9 9 (nba c (fimi a Co n at 0 . p. 4 2 2, 1 . 2 8 6 7 1 9 ) e n ) afr ng h, t r r co c i whe et r rt k o vitm ' coa , c he da t rvitm ' wo obbe y nvitons r he obbe oo ne c i s t whih l no he ci s mo y . ne ) I t sc e Pe ii rt t ca h a gt nti t pr s nc oft sor c e ks n hi as , ttone ook he s t mpoi n he e e e wo t e l r . Bas o t f e ng l gal i i es Peii ne ' c ci f t s pra ec sof ed n he or goi e prncpl , tto r s onvi tons or wo e t ount r r di notvi a et Do eJ pa dy Clus Ac or ngl co ms di notr nde obbe y d olt he ubl eo r a e. c di y, t el d e r i fe tve a ssa by notm a ng t sm e il sa gum e . Se St i kl nd v. W as ndo ne f c i s it nce ki hi rtes r nt4 e rc a hi n, 4 6U. . 6 , 8 - 8( 98 ) Reae l, tto rfist etb ih et rafmd me tl 6 S 6 8 6 7 8 1 4 . ltdy Pei ne al o sa ls i i he t a n a mic rig o j sieo c u ea dp eudc t e us t ep oc d rld fulpls a t o s ara e f u tc r a s n rj ie o xc e h r e u a ea t t u n t r S a t n.S e ec, s e v. meo ,1 3F.d 8 , 4 (t Ci.1 9 ) seas M at e v lvo e . ..Fih r Al lne 6 3 35 8 4 4h r 9 8 ; e lo ri z . n Rya , n U. S. , 3 S. .1 0 ,1 2 ( 01 ) Ed r sv Cap n e, 2 U. 4 , 1 5 1 2 Ct 3 9 3 0 2 2 ; wad . r e tr 5 9 S. 46 45 - 2 ( 0 0 ; lma v. o o ,5 1U. 7 2, 0( 9 1 . 2 0 ) Coe n Th mps n 0 S. 2 75 1 9 ) Bk Asf rt o ecam n tiv li d u l j o r y Peiine as i n t nildt o he n li o n ovng o b b e pad , tto r lo s o e t e o t f de a ha sr le . Specfc ly,Peii rc le st t t s ntnc her c ve a t e r l bea ei f ii a l ttone hal nge he o al e e e e ei d nd he c ton ofs r s d pr ton i pos d f t s pe d s nt nc .Howe r t lngt of ondii upe vie oba i m e or he us nde e e es ve , he e h t s nt ncei notaf de a quesi snc i i ve t it r ea i ofsa esa t a does he e e s e rl ton i e t nvol s he n e pr t ton tt tm es nd noti ve af de a co tmto is Se .e. ,Sl ve v. nkl 359 F.Supp.2d 473,483 nvol e r l nsi i nal s ue. e c. a k Hi e, ( D. . 0 )( tn apeiin rsc le g t as ne c o tieo t eds rto r sae E. Va 2 05 noig t o e ' haln e o e tn e u sd f h ic einay tt t s ne i g i ei e wa no wi t fd r l a e s u idcinb c u ei wa amatro sae e tncng u d ln s s t ti e ea h b a j rs ito e a s t s te f tt in lw) Ani fci a ssa ecam bas o t s ntncngcam i alome l sbe a et a . nefe tve sitnc li ed n he e e i li s s dtes c us he 4Inot t tcot e di a kf lninc f s ntncngon t ba i t to y ' i i nt' occ r d e ha ms l d s or e e y or e e i he ss ha nl t ncde 'had ure one eve t n houéh i wasco i edt bet r is. t nsder o wo obbere 5 Supr me Cô tofVigi a c ncudedt tt s nt nc we e lwf l i e ur r ni o l ha he e e es r a uly mpos d andwihi t e t n he til o r' ds rto u d r r ii Co ej 1 .- 0 Co s q e ty c u e c udn t v ra c u ts icein n e Vign a d 92 3 3. n e u n l, o nsl o l o ha e rn e e i fe tv a ssa c b n to j ci gt alwf l e tnc .S e e:, le S ae v. e d r d nefcie sitn e y o be tn o a ' s ne e e s ..Uri d tt s u t Cr n c 4 6U. 6 , 5 ( 9 4 . o i, 6 S. 48 6 8 1 8 ) 11 1. Fort f e ngr as ,Ig a Re ponde ' m o i n t dimisa dim ist he or goi e ons r nt s nts to o s s nd s s he pe ii Bas d uponm y fndi t tPeii rha no ma t r quiie s t i ls wi o tton. e i ng ha ttone s t de he e st ubsanta ho ng f ad n a o ac n tmto l ih a rq ie b 2 U. C. 2 3 a dSlc v. c n e, 2 e il f o si ina rg t s e ur d y 8 S. j 25 /) n a k M Da il 5 9 U.. 7 , 8 ( 0 0 , c riiaeo a p aa ii i d ne . S 4 3 4 4 2 0 ) a e t c t f p e lb ly s e id f t ENTER :Thi A' da ofJ ,201 s y une 6. ) Se i rUnie Stt sDititJ e o t d a e src udg
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