Johnson v. Director, Virginia Dept. of Corrections, No. 7:2013cv00248 - Document 23 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 12/17/2013. (kab)

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I TH E UN I N TED STA TE S D I STR I C O U R T CT FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A ROANOK E DI SI VI ON KENNETH W AYNE JOHNSON, r FRKS OFFI U.. ST. RUX d CE S DI PAT9OANOKî. z VA F1 rf 7!q- l DE2 1? 2 1 13 J UL BY; CASE NO.7: 3CV00 1 248 ' '- CLERK a P YCL UT EM Pe i i r tt one , V. M EM O R AN D U M O PI IO N N DI RECTOR VI NI DEPARTM ENT RGI A oFcoRR l oNs v q . B :J me C T r y a s . uk Se or U ni e St t sD i t c Judge ni t d a e s ri t R es pondent . Ke t W a J on,a Vig ni i ae pr e ng pr K ,fld tls pe ii f a nneh yne ohns r i a nm t oce di o le li tton or wrt of ha as c i be omus ptrua t 28 U. C.j2254,c lngi t No mber 1 2011 , ls nt o S. hale ng he ve 5, j d me to te Cic i Co r o te W ahigo Co n y t e whih h s d c n ce o u g n f h r ut u t f h s n tn u t , md r c e t s o vitd f an d g ofens a s nt nc d t 70 ye r i prs wih 62 ye s a t mont s pe d. ru f es nd e e e o a s n ion, t ar nd wo hs us nde Upon r vi w oft r c ds t c tc ude t tt r s nde t sm o i n t dimi smus be e e he e or , he our oncl s ha he e po n ' to o s s t g a ed. r nt I J ohns n pla guit on Nove r 1 2011 plr ua t a wrte pl ag ee e ,t o e ded ly mbe 0, , zs nt o itn ea r m nt o t eec sofditi i a she e1 c r ld s tnc i vi ai ofVa.Codej 1 2hr ount srbutng c dul 1 ontole ubsa e, n olton 8. 2 8 C)( s No . 1 0 0 3 , 1 0 3 0 a dCR1 0 0 41,a dc ns iigt d srb t 4 ( Ca e s CR1 0 0 3 6 CR1 0 0 4 , n 1 0 3 ) n o prn o iti ue ash d l IIc n r le s b tn e i vo ai no Va Co e j 1 .- 5 a 1 .-48E1 ( s c e ue l o told u sa c ,n ilto f . d j 82 2 6 nd 822 4 ) Ca e No CR1 0 0 3 ) l t p e a re n , J h s n siultd ta t e e ie c t e . 1 0 3 9 . n he la g e me t o n o t ae h t h vd n e h p Com monwe 1h c d ofe a ns hi wa s t intt s at oul f r gai t m s ufk e o uppor hi c ci n. l e t s onvi to n xcha nge, t Comm onweat a e d t dimis t o he dr g c ges a ap e d t r c me t t he 1h gr e o s s wo t r u har nd e o e om nd ha J ohns r c i tr sof20 ye r i prs f e c oft diti i c mt a 10 yea sf on e eve e m a s n ion or a h he srbuton ot s nd r or t c pia ofe e f a t of 70 ye r i prs butwih 62 yea s a t m ont he ons r cy f ns , or oàl a s n ion, t r nd wo hs s pende us d. The pl a e m e i c t d t tJ hns und sood t c r ,t the had c ule ea gr e nt ndi a e ha o on er t he ha ges ha ons t d wih hi a t e a was s ifed wih t a t ne s s r ce ,a t t he was a r of t t s tom y nd atsi t he tor y' e vi s nd ha wa e he t r sa cons ue esofhi pla a e m e . The a e nta s i c t d t tJ on not e m nd eq nc s e p e nt gr eme lo ndia e ha ohns bee coe c orpr s a hi by t Comm onwe lh i e hange f t pla ot rt n n r ed omied nyt ng he at n xc or he e he ha t w rte t m s of t a e e a i pe he it n er he gr em nt nd nde nden l dec ded t e e t pl ty i o nt r he ea. J m s al o ol on s sg i ned a guit pl a que tonnaie, a ly e si r mong o he t ngs a tr i hi l r tndi of t t r hi fim ng s mde sa ng he cha ge ,t c eq nc of pladi guly,t potntals ntnc he f e of 18 ye s i r s he ons ue es e ng it he e i e e e ac d 0 ar n pr s and li s i f c i w ih c m s l ss r ce . ion, ls ats a ton t ot e ' e vi s At h plah a ig tetil u g a k dJ l o a o tt g i ype q e to n ie a d t e e e rn ,h ra j d e s e oms n b u he ul la u sin ar, n t J ohns ve bal a fr e t the ha r a a a we e isquesi tu hf ly a unde sood on r ly fim d ha d e d nd ns r d t tons r t ul nd rt bot t quesi a hi a we s J m s a s ve baly afimed t t he had r a a h he tons nd s ns r . ol on lo r l fr ha e d nd t mdert t pl agr e e ,i l ng is r f r nc t a s ik s t nce r c me ton sood he ea e m nt ncudi t e e e e o pect en e e om nda i a li si ai t tt Co monwe t c d pr ve a1 e e nt oft ofens c r d and nd ls tpul ton ha he m a1h oul o 1 l me s he f es ha ge t a j rs ito a d v n e wee p o e . As a dto a fcu l s p r f r t e p e , te h t u idcin n e u r r p r d iin l a ta u po t o h la h Co monwe t ofe e it e de e ce ttc t s of a yss on t dr gs i ve i t m a1h f r d n o vi nc rii a e nal i he u nvol d n he ta a tons f r whih J r ns c i o c ohns n wa c r d a e de e of hi m i r dnz ta t ki o s ha ge nd vi nc s o g r fk ng convi tons ci . Co ms i or t el nf med t cour t the and J he t ha ohns n had dic s d a ale a i sr eg ç o s us e n t m tve tat y: 1 I woul lket not f t r c d t tM r J ms a ls ntt da ,basc ly,dicus i t s d i o e or he e or ha . ol on nd pe wo ys ia l s sng hi plaa e me a trIwa s tt e ( c msl.W edi dic st potntala ommodai e gre nt fe s ubsiutd as ot e) d sus he e i cc ton def ns a a tr f land f i dic so de i d t t ke t pl a a e m e .' Tr 7,No 1 e e nd fe ' ul ar s us i n c de o a he e gr e nt' . v. 0, 2011. Bef e ac e i J l s spl a pr or c ptng om on' ea nd onouncng s t nc ,t c ta ke J i en e e he our s d ohns i he on f ha a hi t s y.J d nyt ng o a ohns saed: on t t 1 don' tlnk,sr t tt r s a pe s i t s c too rghthe e t t t li i, ha he e' r on n hi ourr m i r ha woul wa c one oft i pe sorone oft ra m a ss f ra sow pai ulde t d th he r t hei ni l ufe l nf a h. And t ts wha t y' done t me he e ove a f pan pil t t1 Iwa n' ha ' t he ve o r r ew i ls ha s t s ti on s li pan pil . A m a c m e t my hous a begg me t go out e tng e lng i ls n n o e nd ed o t sr e a ge hi s m e. And Im goi t di i prs a sow m ie a e he te t nd t m o ' ng o e n ion l s r bl de t ove t s ah r hi . Tr 1 The c tf . 0. our ound t tJ ms t rt a a e wih t f c soft c e a wa ha ol on mde sood nd gr ed t he a t he as nd s f e l a i e lge l pl a ng g ly. The co tt n s nt nce J l s i a cor nce wih t r e y nd nt li nty e di uit ur he e e d o m on n c da t he pl a agr e e t a t al of 70 yea s i prs wih 6 yea s and t m ont s pe d. e e m nt o ot r n ion t 2 r wo hs us nde J on di no a al ohns d t ppe . l Augus of 201 J on fld a tmel pe ii f r a wrtof ha a c pus i t n t 2, ohns ie i y tton o i be s or n he Supr m e Cour of Vigi a. By or r da e Aprl 1 201 t Supr e t r ni de t d i 8, 3, he eme Cour of Vigi t r ia ds se J h s n' p tto ( c r No 1 4 6 . imis d o n o s ei n Re o d . 21 7 ) i t l he J h o t e fld h s tmey j2 4 p tto Li r ly consm ed, he aleges t o ns n h n i i i l 25 eiin. be a l e f l ng cli sf rr le : olowi am o ei f Pe ii rwaso y g ly ofditi i d ugsasa a omm odai a ttone nl uit srbutng r n cc ton nd c ouns l a s d a ns t s de ens ,e r usy sa i t t i m o y e dvie gai t hi f e roneo l ttng ha f ne c nge ha ,t ta a ton wa no a omm odai n; ha d nds he r ns c i s t cc to Pe ii r s s nt nce vi lt d t 8* Am e e t be a e i was ttone ' e e o a e he ndm n c us t dipr pori naet hi c i e; s o to t o s rm Pe ii r s s nt nc vi lt d t 1 h Am e ttone ' e e e o a e he 4t ndme by te tng hi nt r ai m dif r nty t n ûsm iary s tl t d' peopl f e e l ha ûi l l i l e ' n e; 4. Pe ii r sguit pl a wa i unt r be aus hi m e c ton a mi ttone ' ly e s nvol a y c e s di ai nd ni sr ke pr ve e hi fom t r tndi t c r to s e nt d m r mde sn ng he ha ge; 5. Peii rwasde e hi d pr es rg t know t e de a ns ttone nid s ue oc s i ht o he vi nce gai t hi a co r nt hi a us r be a e he di not know t na e of t m nd nf o s cc e s c us d he m he i or a a di no s e t di c r a nf m nt nd d t e he s ove y; nd 6. The pr e ut f ie t di c os e ul t y e de t pe ii ne ,w ho os c or a l d o s l e xc pa or vi nce o tt o r ne rs w t di c r D VD S orpolc r por . ve a he s ove y, , ie e t Re po entm ovest dim ist e c am sa pr dur ly ba r d fom f r lha a r e or s nd o s s hes l i s oce al r e r ede a be s eviw wihoutm e i. J hns hasr ponde m a ng t ma trrpef diposton. t rt o on es d, ki he te i or s ii 11 A. St andar ofRe e ds viw i f de a c tor narl may notc i rc am st ta pe ii rf ie t r ie a t t e r l our di iy A onsde l i ha ttone al d o a s t he tm e a i t m n rr quie unde sae 1 w unls Gheprs ne de onsr t c e f t i nd n he nne e r d r tt a es t io r m taes aus or he d futa p eu iefo t a sre er r' Tee t v Pe ro 6 9F.d 3 2 3 7 (t Ci. ea l nd rj dc r m he se td ro .' lgl . a s n, 8 3 2 , 2 4h r ' z 2 2 ( u t Ho e v Bel 5 U. 5 8 5 6 ( 0 ). I asaec u te p e sy b s sis 01 ) q oi ng us . l, 47 S. 1 , 3 20 6 ) f tt o r x r sl a e t dimi s l of a ha as cli on a sa e pr dtr l nze a t t pr ce la r l pr de a s sa be am tt oce la l, nd ha o dtr l u e ovi s n i pe n a a nde nde t nd dequa e gr t ound f t dimis l t f r ve son oft tha s c am i or he s s a , he ede al r i ha bea l i s pr e laly bv e fom rviw on t mert. Br r v.Pnlt,1 F. 61 61 ( h Ci. oc dtr l d r ee he is ead e t 34 3d 5, 9 4t r 1 9 )(iig Co e n v.Th mps n 5 U. 7 2 7 - 2 ( 9 :. A cam i as d futd 9 8 ctn lma o o , 01 S. 2 , 313 1 91 li s lo e a le f f de a ha spur es pe ii ne f ld t pr s nti t t sa ecour,a t c am woul or e r l bea pos tto r aie o e e t o he tt t nd he l i d now be pr e lal bar fom s e c trvi J .(iai omitd) A f r habe oc dtr ly red r ut our e ew. #= ctton te . edeal as c tm a r vi w t m e is of a pr dtr ly de a t d c ai onl i pe ii r de o t a es our y e e he r t oce la l f ule l m y f ttone m nsr t c us f rtedea l a d rs ligp eu ieo ma sa c lrbl s wi o a t lin c n e a e o h fut n e utn rj d c r ke oo a e ho ng f cua n o e c . L- a 620. ds t . W henaj2254peii rsha a cam ha be n a j c tdont meisi saec t ttone ' be s li s e dudiae he rt n tt our pr c e ig ,t e fd rlrv e c u tc n o g a trle u ls t sae c u ts a j d c to o e dn s h e ea e iw o r n n t rn eif n e s he tt o r' du iain t es t d i a de ii n t twasc ' r t ori ve a unr a ona e a ia i of clary ç ule n r c so ha onta y o, nvol d n e s bl pplc ton , e l r e tbls d Fe r l w,asde e m i d by t Supr sa ihe de al a t r ne he eme Cour oft Unied St t s' 28 U. C. t he t ae , ' S. j2 5 ( )1,o le utd i ad cso ta wa b sd o a u r a o a l d tr nain oft 2 4 d ( ) r t s l n e iin h t s a e n n n e s n b e ee mi to r e he 4 f csi lg to t ee i e c p e e td i te S aec u tp o e dn ' 28U. C.j22 4()2 ; a t n ih f h v d n e r sn e n h tt o r r c e ig, ' S. 5 d() s eas Harngo v Rih e,1 S. . 7 , 5( 01 ) e lo ri l n . c tr 31 Ct7 0 78 2 1. B. D i c s on ofC l m s s us i ai 1. Pr e aly D e aul e C l i s oc dur l f t d a m The r s nde t a s rst tCl m 1 i pr ed al ba r d fom f r ha a r vi w, e po n s e t ha ai s oc m ly re r ede al be s e e a t co tag e s J on di no pr s ntt sc am t t Supr m e Cour ofVigi a. I he nd he ur r e . ohns d t e e hi l i o he e t r ni f now r ie hi cl m t thei onl guit ofac om moda i a c a s d s ai ha s y ly c ton nd ouns ls d ha s a gue e houl ve o r d, t sa e c t wo d fnd t cai ba r d unde t s e saut pr bii s ce sve he t t our ul i he l m re r he Gt t t e ohi tng uc s i peiins S e Vigna Co e j8015 ( ( ) The Fo rh Cic t h s rc g ie t t o . e r ii d t . -43 B)2 . u t rui a e o nz d he s c sve peii ba i j 8. 65 B)2)asa ade t a i pe ntsae 1w gr uc esi tton r n 01- 4( ( n quae nd nde nde tt a ound barng fd rlh b a rv e S e ec,P p v.Neh ra d 1 3 F.d 1 6 1 7 (t Ci. ri e e a a e s e iw. e , .. o e t eln , 1 3 3 4, 3 2 4 h r 1 ) J hns has not s wn ca e f hi f lze t r s t s cai i sae c t 997 . o on ho us or s ailr o aie hi l m n tt our. Acc di l t cour mus dim isCli 1a pr e a l ba r 1 Bma d,1 F. a 620 or ngy, he t t s s am s oc dur ly red. r 34 3d t . The r s e ponde a s a gue t t Cl i s 2 a 3 a e pr edza l de a t d. For t nt lo r s ha am nd r oc tr ly f ule he f l wi r s ns t c tag ees J ms pr s nt e c oft e c am si hi sae ha as olo ng ea o , he our r . ol on e e ed a h hes l i n s t t be 1 R es dentalo a guest Cl m 1 as e sa ti cour er orundersat lw , whih i nota s r hat ai s rt ral t r tea pon c s c ia ecai f r le un rj225 Thec r a e s A f d r c ur ma g a r le un rj225 or z bl l m or eif de 4. ou t gre . e eal o t y rnt eif de 4 o l u o a so n ta p tin ri c nie i voain o teCo si t n lwso t aiso te ny p n h wig h t eio e s o f d n ilt f h n t ui , a r e t f h t n o to e Untd Sae . j225 ( W is n v.Co c r n,1 S.Ct 1 ,1 ( 0 (a ) t d r lha e sc r us le tts 4 *; lo r o a 31 . 3 4 201 ) s me . Te e a b a o p r le do sn tlef re r r ofsaelw. Swa tou v.Coo ,1 S.Ct 85 8 ( 1 ( e c im) eif e o i o ro s tt a ' ' rh t ke 31 . 9, 61 201 ) p r ura . M or r i i nott pr nceofa f r ha eove , t s he ovi ede al beascourtt r o eexam i sat c tde e m i i on sa ene t e- our t r natons t t 1w qu to . Esel v. c r , 02U. 6 67 6 ( 9 ) a esins' tle M Guie 5 ' S. 2, - 8 1 91 . Un r j 1 2 2 ( o t e Vigni Cod ,a i i d lc n ce o d srbu i a c tole de 8.- 48 D) f h r i a e n ndviua o vitd f iti tng on r ld s t nce ca mii t hi punihm entby pr ng by a pr ubsa n tga e s s ovi eponde ance t the diti ed t s t r ha srbut he ubsance çonl as an accom modaton t anot i vi s y i o her ndi dual ...and notwih i entt pr i t eby ...nort t nt o oft her o i nduce t r pi t us orbe he eci ent o e come addit t 't drug. Stlw el v.Comm onwealh,247 S. 2d 360, c ed o' he il l t E. 3 ( 1 ) The W a hi tn Co nt Cic i Co r f und i a r prae u e sae 1w t a c p 65 Va. 978 . s ngo u y r ut u t o t pp o it nd r tt a o c e t J h sn' g iy pe t c a sta h dsrb td c nr l d s btn e,wi o trc g iin o a o n o s ul la o h ye h t e itiue o tol u sa c s t u e o nt f n t e h o accom modaton def e t mli t hi s e i ens o tga e s ent nce. Thi cour ca s t nnot s ond- s t sat courts ec gues he t e ' applca i of s e l a t vi a i of sat l t Johns aleges cannotpr de gr i ton ot aw, nd he olton t e aw hat on l ovi ounds f or f alhabeasr if. eder ele 5 pe ii a t Su e Cour ofVigi a e e sy he d t tt y we e pr e aly bare tton, nd he pr me t r ni xpr s l l ha he r oc dm l rd fom ha sr e unde Slyt v.Parg n,205 S. 2d 680,68 ( 4) be us J hns r bea eviw r a on ria E. 2 197 , ca e o on f l t r s t e is satti la on d r c a al Sl on i avai sae pr dur lr l aied o aie hes s ue ra nd ie t ppe . avt s ld tt oce a u e, i d p n e to t fd rlq eto a da e uaet s p o th j d me t S eSmihv. u rv, n e e d n f he e e a u sin n d q t o u p r t e u g n . e t M ra 4 7 U. 5 ,5 3 3 (98 ) Fih rv. z lne 1 3 F.d 8 5 8 4 ( t Ci.1 9 ) J h s n 7 S. 27 3 - 9 1 6 ; s e An eo , 6 3 3 , 4 4 h r 9 8 . o n o f ist s o c u ef rt i d futo r s ligp eu iea dma e noc l rbecam o a t a al o h w a s o hs ea l r e utn rj d c n k s o o a l li f c u l i e e. The e or ,t s cai a e a s pr dtr ly ba r d fom f de alhabe r vi a nnoc nc r f e he e l ms r lo oce la l r e r e r as e ew nd m us be di m i s d. Br r 1 F. a 620. t s se ea d, 34 3d t 2. V ol ar G uit Pl unt y ly ea I Cli 4,J n am ohns a s rst thi g ly pl a wasi i bec us he wa notm e al on s e t ha s uit e nvald a e s nt ly ca bl oft pa e mdert ndi t pr e ngs Specfc ly,he c endst ta t tm e oft g ly sa ng he oce di . ii a l ont ha t he i he uit pla he wa tki 1 mg.ofNetr tn daiy a had s fr tle E A at ks( ni e, s a ng 600 loni l nd ufeed ire TI tac mi - sr k s. P t 7. Heo fr c p e o hi me c lrc r sta me t n hi me iain a d hs to e l' e . ' fe s o is f s dia e o d h t ni s d c to n i o va i medi lc tons i l ng ne ol c is . J rous ca ondii , ncudi ur ogial s ues ohns cli st ta a r ul oft on am ha s es t he m e cai n a sr kes he s f r d numbnes i hi l tsde,m e y l s a l s ofsghti di to nd to , ufe e s n s ef i mor os , nd os i n hi l f eye He as e t t to y a trhe ha bee of t d ug f t m o hs di he sa tt s et . s rs ha nl fe d n f he r or wo nt d tr o r i hi m e y a unde sa wha ha ha ne d u ng t c i i lpr ee ngs. egan s mor nd rt nd t d ppe d t i he rm na oc di J ms pr e e sm ia alegai i hi sae pe ii n,a t Supr me Cour of ol on es nt d i l r l tons n s t t tto nd he e t Vigni de e r le ,fndi t t J ms ha f ie t de o kae why he s d no be r i a nid ei f i ng ha ol on d a ld o m ns t houl t bound by hi s s wom sa e e t t hi g ly pla wa vol a y,cii Ande s v.W a den, t t m n s hat s uit e s unt r tng r on r 28 S. 2 8 5 8 8( .1 81 .An es nh lst t e a sriga ief ci ea ssa c o 1 E.d 8 , 8 Va 9 ) d ro od ha wh n se t n n fe tv sitn e f n c t e cam t iv ld t a pe ,a sae h b a p tto e i p o btd (bsn a a e u t oms l li o n aiae la tt a e s eiin r s rhiie a e t n d q ae r m o fo p e e tn fcs t t dr cl c n rvet h s pro sae ns c n e ng e s n) r m r sn ig a t ha ie ty o to r i ir ttme t o c mi 6 vol trne soft pla ora quac ofti c msl J= Thesae c tf md t tJ ms n unai s he e de y ral ot e. # . tt our ot ha ol o ofe e i ufi e e de et unde mi t ve a t ofhi sa e e sdurngt pl acoloquy f r d ns fcint vi nc o r ne he r ciy s t t m nt i he e l t the t rt t pr e ngs and t cons que es of hi pl a a ha co mitd t ha mde sood he oc edi he e nc s e nd d m te he ofe e c f ns onduc a c r d. t s ha ge Th c u tc n o fn te sae c u tsa j dc to o t scam t b a u r a o a l e o r n n t i d h tt o r' du iain f hi li o e n n e s n be t e s na l u e j2 5 4 Un e e tb ih df d rl a mr a o be nd r 2 4 *. d r sa ls e e ea lm t r pr s nttons of t def nda ,hi lwyer a t pr e ut a s h a he e e e a i he e nt s a , nd he os c or t uc h aig, swela a y f ig ma eb t j d ea c p igtepe , o ttt a e rn a l s n i n s d y he u g c e tn h la c nsiue nd f r i bl bn re i a s e ntcola e alpr e ngs Solm n de l r tons o m da e r ir n ny ubs que lt r oce di . e caai i o n c tc r a sr pr um pton ofve iy. n pe our ar y tong es i r t The s e ntpr s nt ton of ubs que e e ai c n l o y alg to st u po td b s e iisi s be tt s mmay d s sa, o cus r le ain ms p re y p cfc s u j c o u r imisl a a ec e i t ti t f eoft r cor a ewholy i r bl s r ont ntons ha n he ac he e d r l nc edi e. Blcde a v. ls n 4 U. 6 , 3 7 ( 9 7 .Tomomt c lae a atc o i sg lypla a l d e Alio , 31 S. 3 7 - 4 1 7 ) t a oltr l ta k f l ui e , i t peii r m us ç es nt va i r as why hi s ae e s'durng t guit pla c l ttone t t e pr ld e ons s t tm nt' i he ly e oloquy Gs ul notbe c l i l a c pt d a tt ' Vi v.Supe i e nt Powha a Core tona , lho d oncusvey c e e s rz ' a e. rntnde . tn rci l 6 F.d 1 7, 717 ( 98 ) 43 2 6 1 - 2 1 1 . J l s s ca m t tm e cai n a m i - tokespr ve e hi fom unde sa ng t om on' li ha di to nd nisr e nt d m r rt ndi he pla ag ee nt and guit pla pr ee ngs i die ty c r dit d by hi pror s e r me ly e oc di s r c l onta c e s i , wom sae e s He i c t t the wa notunde t i l nc ofcr gs a t tm e he sgne t t tm nt . ndia ed ha s r he ntue e Iu t he i i d he pl a a ee nt Hi r s ns d ng t pl a c l e gr me . s e po es mi he e oloquy i i a e e t dl t t he ha nd c t d,r peae y, ha d c ule wih c ms la unde sood t c r t pl a a ee t t c e nc s ofhi ons t d t ot e nd rt he ha ge, he e gr men , he ons que e s pla,a t si a i i t a ee ntt tt Comm onwe 1h co d pr e r e e e tof e nd he tpulton n he gr me ha he at ul ove ve y l m n t c ge Hi s ane c he har . s pont ous omm e st t c ta t e oft he rng as i c t d hi nt o he our t he nd he a i lo ndi a e s unde sa ng of t e de e t c r a t guit pla pr e ngs Hi s l- e v ng, rt ndi he vi nc , he ha ge, nd he ly e oc edi . s ef s r i afe -he f c cli ofbei i a ct t d a t he rng by m e y l sa c uson i ed trt -a t a ms ng nc pa ia e t he a i mor os nd onf i nduc by m e c ton and s r di a i t okes a e s m pl notc e bl ,w he c pa e t li s e n de l r tons on r i y r di e n om r d o ls ol m c a ai t r co d t t c r r Thus t c t c ude t t J he e r o he onta y. , he our oncl s ha ohns n f is t ove come t o al o r he pr lm p i of ve act a tc d t hi s r sa e nt i c tng t t hi guit pla wa esl ton r iy ta he o s wo n t t me s ndi a i ha s ly e s k o n a dv ln ay a dt r f r , ld c u et saec urs a j dc to o t scam n wig n ou tr , n heeo e vai .Be a s he tt o t' d u iain f hi li wasnet rc r r t nora t e s bl a i ton ofcla l e tbls d f de a lw,a ihe onta y o n mr a ona e pplcai e ry s a ihe e r l a nd wasno ba e on a unr s bl de e mi ton oft f c s t co tmus gr ntt m oton t t sd n ea ona e t r na i he a t , he ur t a he i o dimist rj2254( a t Cl m 4. s s mde d) s o ai 3. Cl m sW ai d by t V ald G uit Pl a ai ve he i ly e I Cl i s 5 a 6, J l on a s rs t t he was dele t rgh t confon t n am nd o ms s e t ha ri d he i t o r t he confde ili or a a t Co monwe t se de e a t te de wa notdicos d t i nta nf m nt nd he m alh' vi nc nd ha vi nce s sl e o hi pe s ly. The Supr m e Cour of Vigi a f m, r ona l e t r ni ound t t by e erng a vai guit pla, ha , nt i ld ly e Jo on ha wai d hi opporu t t r ie t e tilrg cai si ha a pr e ngs Se hns d ve s tniy o as hes ra i ht l m n be s oc edi . e Pe o v. ng 1 9 S. 2 5 9,5 ( .1 6 )(idngt tavou tr a d itlie tg ly ytn Ki , 6 E.d 6 71 Va 9 9 fn i ha lna y n n elg n ui t plawav sa1n njlidcin l ee e a tc d n t ag i yp e ) e i e 1 o -t s ito a d fns s n e e e t o u l la . r t The s e c tsfndi i co it ntwih es ihe f de all w. E ti we ls tl t t ut our' ng s nsse t ubls d e r a t s l e ted ha l a volmt r a i e lge pl of guly of a ac us d pe s who ha bee ad s by t a y nd nt li nt ea it n c e r on, s n vied c ompe e c ms l m a no be c l t al at c d.'Unie Stt v. oc ,488 U. 5 574 t nt ot e , y t olaer ly ta ke ' t d aes Br e S. 63, ( 9 9 (mit gcGto ) 1 8 ) o ti i in . n ( guit plarpr s nt abra i t c i ofe nt whih hasprce d i i A1 ly e e e e s e k n he han ve s c e de t n t crm i lpr e s W he a c i na def nda hass e nl admit i open he i na oc s . n rmi l e nt olm y ted n cour t the i i f c guit oft ofe e wih whih he i cha ged,he may not t ha s n a t ly he f ns t c s r t r afe r ie i pe n cli s r l i t t de i ton of c tmtonal he e tr a s nde nde t am eatng o he prvai onsi i rgh st toc ur e prort t e r oft guit pl a. i t ha c r d i o he nty he ly e Tolt v. n e s n, 1U. 2 8 26 ( 9 3 . Thec n tt t n lrg t a sre i Cli 5 let He d ro 41 S. 5 , 7 1 7 ) o siui a ih s se td n ams o a 6 aea nd r mong t ergh sJ hos i t ohns e es l wave ptruantt hi guit pl a: t rght t on xpr sy i d ls o s ly e he i s o di cosze of t Co monwe lh' e ul t y evi nce a t c r t evi nce a s l lr he m at s xc paor de nd o onfont he de nd 8 wine s s a ns hi .2 Thus he ha waved hi rght t c end i tls habe c pus t s e gai t m s i s i o ont n li as or , p o e dn ta h wa d p i e o te erg t. L. Be a et esaec u t'a j d c to o r c e ig h t e s e rv d f h s ih s d c us h tt o rs du iain f , s Cl m s 5 a 6 wasnet r co r r t nor a unr as bl a i a i ofc e ry esa ihed ai nd ihe nta y o n e ona e pplc ton l a l t bls f de a l a wa notbas on a u e s bl detr i ton oft f c s t c tmus e r l aw, nd s ed n nr a ona e e m na i he a t , he our t g a ttemoint ds s u d rj2 4 d a t t s cams rn h to o imis n e 25 ( ) s o he e li . II 1 Fo t sa e r as ,t co tc l s t tJ ms i no e il t r le unde r he t t d e ons he ur oncude ha ol on s t ntted o ei f r j225 Be us hi cli a e et rpr e al dea t o wihou me i,t c twil 4. ca e s ams r ihe oc dur ly fuled r t t rt he our l g a t moton t dim is An a opra eor rwili s t sda r nt he i o s s . ppr it de l s ue M y. The Cl r i dieced t s nd c es of t s me o a l opi on a ac om pa ng e k s r t o e opi hi m r ndlm ni nd c nyi o de t pe ii r r r o ttone . ENTER:Thi '*ka o cmb r2013. - y foee e, s ' J Se ' nie St t Diti t dge td aes src 2 J s a tmpt t c nsr c a cam u e Br d v.M aylnd,37 U. .8 ,8 ( 96 , ohn on te s o o tu t li nd r a y ra 3 S 3 7 1 3) algn ta tep oe uo fi dt dsls e c laoy e ie c t E . Ma emylwy r b tg l ig h t h rsc tr al o ico e x up tr vd n e o û e e me yb a e, u I j neve s i.'Pe .8. To sa ea Br cl m,t def r aw t' t tt ady ai he endantm us sat f s s l t t gover e t t e act how ng hat he nm nt pos ess butdi notdicl e t t de ens e dence f abl t hi t whi he di notot w ie s ed d s os o he f e vi avor e o m o ch d hel s have acces ,and t t wih dicl ur oft evi e,t out e of t pr edi pr bl w oul s ha t s os e hat denc he com he oce ng oba y d h vebe n dfee t Unie S ae v.W is n,90lF. 378 38 81( t Ci.1 )( iai so te . a e if rn . td tt s lo 2d , 0- 4h r 990 ctton mitd) The pr ecut has no oblga i unde Br orany ot r pr os or i ton r adv he ecede or pr son t pr ent evi nt ovii o es dence diecty t t de endant r t t t t def r l o he f , a her han o he endants couns . M or ' el eover J on doesnotdiput t , ohns s e he pr ecut ' a davi,sa i t t wel bef e t guit pl J os ors m t ttng ha , l or he ly ea, ohns s ator ys w e e pr ded w ih on' t ne r ovi t dicover a Br m a eral,i udi t DVD oft dr tans ctons. N or does J on poi t s y nd ady t i s ncl ng he he ug r a i ohns nt o any partcul exc pat y iem of evi i ar ul or t dence t was not di cl ed t hi atom eys or demonsr e any hat s os o s t tat r onabl pr eas e obabiiy t ,w ih dicl ur of any s iem ,t out e at ti woul have been lt hat t s os e uch t he com ral d dif ent Thus Johns s aesno cogni e habeas cl m r di hi aleged lck of opport t t fer . , on t t zabl ai egar ng s l a uniy o r vi t evi e ew he dence. 9

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