Conrad v. Akers et al, No. 7:2010cv00560 - Document 46 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 08/30/2011. (kab)
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CLERK' OFFI U. DIm COUX S CE S. S AToANvl E. tk vl FL DT& ep IE AL6 32 2 1 21 . J A C. ULI DUDL M C E F RT U ISDSAISDC RCVRU I B; EU I THEWEEETDE RS O TIOIT vqnPWC O HE NTT R TS IT I CGRA N N T F N R O A N O K E DIV ISIO N SAM U EL RO BERT C O N M D ,11 1, Pl ntff ai i , C i lA cton N o.7: cvvi i 10- 00560 V. M EM O M ND U M O PINIO N BET TY A K ER S,etal, . D efendant s. By: H on.Jackson L .K i ser Se orU ni e St t sD i t d Judge ni t d a e s ri Sa ue R obe tCon a 1 1 a Vi gi a i a e pr ee ng pr K ,fl a c vi r g s m l r r d, 1 , r ni nm t oc di o ied i l i ht . c mp an p ru n t 4 U. C. j1 8 a 1 1 ,.sq.wi j rs cinv se i 2 o lit u s a t o 2 S. j 9 3 nd 2 01 ç e , t u idito e td n 8 ! h U. C.jj1 a 1 43.Pli ifna asdee S. 331 nd 3 antf mes fndant Bet Aker,heHe Nurea t Ne s ty st ad s t he w Ri rValy Re onalJ i ($ai') Dr Mos ,t J lsphyscan;a Ge ad Mcpea t ve le gi al (J l'; . es he ai' ii nd r l k,he J i ' Supe i ende . Pl i t f c ai st the r e ved i ufi i ntm e c lc r be a e of a ls rnt nt a n if l m ha ec i ns tc e di a a e c us d srmiain a dp v ry Th d fn a t a plitf fldmoi n f rs mmayj d me t ici n to n o e t. e ee d n s nd an if ie to s o u r u g n , a t tm e t r s nd he i o e pond hasex r 1 Af e r vi w i t r co d, lg a t de enda s'm oton pied. t r e e ng he e r r nt he f nt i f rs mmayj g n a dd n plitf smo inf rs mmayj g n . o u r ud me t n e y an if to o u r ud me t Pli ifa gue t theha be n dic i nae ag ns unde t Am e i a wih a ntf r s ha s e s rmi t d ai t r he rc ns t Dia lte Ac (ç sbiiis t iADA' ,heg iva epr s vilt duepr es, hasno rc ve eq l ' t re nc oce s oaes ) oc s he t e ei d ua pr t c i unde t l w,a hi m e c lc r vi a e t Consiuton.Pl ntf smpl sa e i o e ton r he a nd s di a a e olt s he tt i ai if i y t t s n hi Compl ntt tNur eAke shasEs s ai ha s r thown de i r t i fe e 't hi physc a me a lbe a e ndif r nce' o s i al nd nt l heat i t prort ye r .( mpl 2. antf ague t tAkesi r s i efrhi lh n he i wo a s Co . )Pli if r s ha r s e ponsbl o s m i sed m edi ne dos because s i t head nurs and super s t ot nur es. ( . Mot s ci es he s he e vi es he her s Pl' s . lThe de e f ndant tmeyfldtermoinfrs rmayj d me ta d1d n panifsrltdmoin frd ful . i l i s e h i to o un r u g n, n e y litf' eae to s o ea t j g n. ud me t S mm. . n 38 6. Plitf alg sh s k wihAkeso ma yo c so a u temisd u J ( o. ) ) an if le e e po e t r n n c a ins bo t h se dos sa t ts awa rpled,û wilc c on i.'(d. Ho ve,pli ifc i dt no e nd ha he l ys e i $ l he k t' l ) we r antf ontnue o t I r c i a lhi m e ci o ar ulrs he e.Pli ifalege t tDr M os swa dei r t y e e ve l s di ne n eg a c dul antf l s ha . e s lbe ael i fe e Co o a g pt r1 201 1' c us hedeus t r e ( ai if t Dr ndifr ntkn r bout se embe 7, 0,'be a e t f ed o efr pl ntfj o . r Gr v r oc n iu he aiijc te t n a p e ci e d et giji a iiyt pa . ( mp . o e t o tn e pgtts- r ame t s r srb d u o hs n blt o y' Co l ' 2. Pli ifsaesi hi t r cam t tSupe i e e M c a ale dl i aldt r pond ) antf tt n s hid li ha rntnd nt pe k lge y t ie o es f a p o raeyt ( i)c i c lme ia is sa pe hso p lc . . (d) Plitf c n ld s p r p itl o hs rt a dc l sue s r i wn o iy. .' l . an if o cu e i ' t tt û glge e i t s c e les s ewhe e i t ba a e be w e n' M c a M os s and ha he l i nc n hi as i om ne r n he l nc t e ' pe k, e, Akes ( .sVe . ae nt( 3)1 ) r. Pl' r Sttme no. 5. Ger l M c k i t J i ' Supe i ende .D r M os i a phys e a lce e i t a d pea s he a ls r nt nt . es s i i n i ns d n he Commonweat ofVigi aa te tdpli ifwhiehewasi aceae a t J l ( os lh r ni nd rae antf l nc r rtd t he ai, M es Af. ! 1 2. Bet Akes argitrdnure,i t me c lde rments r io .(d.!30. f ! , ) ty r, e see s s he dia pa t upe vs r 1 ) NureAkes duisi ude,npa tt i e nt i ofDr M os s or r.(d. Nure s r' te ncl i r,he mplme aton . e ' des I ) s Akeset rma orfcltt ma ngt o sdea nt swih s i it.(d. Nure r ihe de a iiaed ki he uti ppoi ment t pecalss I ) s A ke sc no pr c i m e c tons or rl bsdr w n,orr f r i a est o s de s ci it r nn t es r be di a i , de a a e e nm t o ut i pe als s a e te r nc st tonsa mus f lw Dr Moss'or r.(d. I ohe wor ,Aker bs n mege y iuai nd t olo . e des I ) n t r ds s c d notpr s rbe pl i i ft m e c tonshe r quesed o r e hi t a s ci ls be a e oul e ci a ntf he di a i e t r ef r m o pe a i t c us onl Dr M os ca dot et ngs (#. y . es n hos hi . J ) Pl i i fw asi a e r t d a t J i be w e n O c obe 1 200S,a Fe ua y 2 201 a ntf nc r e a e t he a l t e t r 4, nd br r 2, 0, a be we n Augus 8, 0,a Ocober20, 0.Durngt e tm e t J i' m e c l nd t e t 201 nd t 201 i hos i s,he a ls di a pa e polc pr de t tno J i i a e w oul be deni d nec s r m edi lt e t e ym nt i y ovi d ha a l nm t d e es a y ca r a m nt be a eofani biiyt pa ( c akAf. 4'M os Af. 1) Ne rhel s a i t i c us na lt o y. M pe f! , es f ! . ve t es, n nmae s r ponsbl f pa ngi heca pa t o h eihe aprva ei ur ncepolc orot r es i e or yi f n y hr ug t r i t ns a iy he i pe ntmea ( c a Af. 4'M os Af. 1. Thus t Ji woul pr vi a pa nde nde ns. M Pe k f ! , es f ! ) ,he al d o de nd y f a nec s ar m e c lteam e , tt J lwoul de tt c t fom a i a e s or ny e s y di a r t nt bu he ai d duc he oss r n nm t ' fna a ac ount ( c a Af. 4'M os sAf. 1. l t J i i r s i ef t cos, . i ncil c . M pe k f ! , e f ! ) f he al s eponsbl or he tDr Mos smus f l t J i' phamac utc lf mulr ( os sAf. 1) l Dr M os st nksa e t olow he als r e ia or ay. M e f ! . f . e hi d vainfo t ef r lr i ne e s r , emusj siyt ed vito (d. l a i maeh s e ito r m h o muay s c say h t u tf h e ain. l ) f n n t a m e c li ur nc t m e c lde rm e c acst i ur nc c di a ns a e, he di a pa t nt ont t he ns a e ompa y t s ewha te t nt n o e t r a me i a horze by t i a e si ur nc pln, nd Dr M os woul tyt pr crbewihi t s ut i d he nm t ' ns a e a a . es d r o es i t n he i ur eco ny' f mulr whe ve apprprae.(d. Howe r o ea i t i ns anc mpa s or ay ne r o it L=) ve , nc n nmae s a c ptdbyt Vigi aDe rmen ofCore tons(( ce e he r ni pa t t rci 6 VDOC' ,heVDOC a s s 't ) sume r s i lt f pa ntofa m e ca te t e , n i t i m a ephysc l r m ansa t e ponsbiiy or yme ny di l r am nt eve f he n t i aly e i t he J l ( c a Af. 6. ai. M pe k f ! ) W he pl i iffr ta rve a t J i on Oc obe 1 2008,heha he ttsC,s z e , n antf is ri d t he a l t r 6, d pa ii eiur s a daBioa Dio d r M o e Af. 3. Hi me iai n a t t i weeLa ca, na tn p lr s r e .( s s f ! ) s d c to s tha tme r mitla ni s i m e m e ca i ,N a e a de e i m edi a i , ia i a a i s i ur m e c ton' ez di t on' m da, m nta c ton' l ntn, n nt - e z e di a i , D A rc pt a de e i m e c ton'Abii y, n an ips hotc m edi a i a A m o l an a i o i i e , m nta di a i , lf a t- yc i c ton; nd xi, ntbi tc. (d. Dr M os sc i dt eme c tons (d. Ocobe 21 2008,Dr Mossc iue 1 ) . e ontnue hes diai . 1 )On t r , . e ontn d hsDia tna dp e ci dhm Had , ihi a a t- s c oi.(d) i ln i n r s rbe i lolwh c s n n ip y h t 1 . c On De mber9,2008, . os o der d abl t tt e l t pl i ifshe tts ce Dr M es r e ood es o va ua e antf paii. I#. 5. Afe rviwi t lbr ulso De mbe 18, J=! ) tr e e ng he a es t n ce r 2008, . os de dedt Dr M es ci o di c i 1 pr s rpton f r Abii y a H a doldue t pl i if si r s lve e ym es s ontnue he e c i i o lf nd l o a nt f nc ea ed i r nz . (#a OnJ uay2,2009, .M os ode e t tt lve -uncint tberpeaedo Mac 9, J) an r Dr es r r d ha he i rf to es e t n rh 2 0 , ih a p a st h v b e d a o Ma c 31 2 0 .( =!6. 0 9 wh c p e r o a e e n rwn n r h , 0 9 J . ) # Dr M os ss w pli ifo Aprl3, . e a antf n i 2009,oe l t hi condii (d.!7. Plitf t vauae s tons. 1 ) anif c pl i d a t ttm e t thi m e a hea t s pt m sha i r s d snc D r om a ne t ha i ha s nt l lh ym o d nc ea e i e . Mosssoppe t Abiiya Hal .( os Af.!7. Dr M os 'c er a pl ntf s e t d he lf nd dol M es f ) . es onc ns bout ai if i r s d lve e m e c us d hi t r erpli ift Dr Gr r a docors cilzi i t nc ea e i r nzy s a e m o ef antf o . ove , t pe a i ng n he ga t oi e tna t a t t e l t hi he tts C a lve fm c i and isr l tons p t hi s r nt s i l r c , o va ua e s pa ii nd i r t ton t e a i hi o s me a he lhprs rptons (d. Pl ntf ha hi bl drwnonM a 11, ntl at e ci i . 1 ) ai if d s ood a y 2009,oc c t t he k he l s ofDiantn2i hi bl . evel l i n s ood Pli ifwa s e b Dr Gr ronM a 1 20 l !8. Dr Gr ror rdmor antf s e n y . ove y 2, 09.(d. ) . ove dee e p n l a bo dtss (1) Heo d r dp e c ito o Dia t a 1 0m. a La ca3 t a es nd lo et. L s l r ee r srpins f lni t 0 g. nd mitl a n 200 m . Pl i t f r c ved a ulr s g. a n i f e ei n t a ound ofhi lve a ga l adde on M a 1 2009,a t y s i r nd lbl r y 8, nd he a aednor l ( e c lR.(; . ' ( fs Me Supp. ot Summ.J ( 3 Ex. 3 5 ppe r ma. M dia $ R.' De .' m. M ) M . .no. 4) C) 4a 1 Mos sAf. 8. t 6; e f! ) Dr Gr rs w pli ifaganonJ 2, . ove a antf i une 2009,f af l upa nt nt ( os sAf. or olow- ppoi me . M e f !9. Att ttme Dr Gr v rd t r n dt a plitf c u db gnwe kyPe a y 4ijein t ) ha i , . o e eemie h t an if o l e i e l g s s ne to s o te thsh p ttsC, u plitf di n t e be i tePe a y ij cin .(d; . 3 - a 8) ra i e ai i b t an if d o y t gn h g s s n e to s I .M R. 4 5 t . TheJ i nuri safnotdt ne or r.( esAf. 9. al sng tf e he w des Mos f! ) Thr ewe kslt onJ 23, 9, antf rporedwa vii a dizi s t# e e aer une 200 pli if e t vy son nd z nes. J= . !1 )Hehadsure s c a sae t thet 0. l rd pee h nd ttd ha houghthi Dia i lve wa t hi (I) He s lntn e l s oo gh. LJ z 2Diantn i a a is i r m e ca i and r l t t b0t isl veli t bl a pl ntf ' pr ns t t l i s n nt- e zu e di ton e a es o h t e n he ood nd ai ifs ope iy o e i nce s z e . xpere ei ur s 3Lamit i a hera is i r m e cai . cal s not nt-ezu e di ton 4Pe ys i a br nd- m e pr s rpton us d t tea hepa ii C . Thi m e c ton i fe gas s a na eci i e or t tts s dia i s r quenty c bi dwih l om ne t Ri vii whih Dr Gr ras or r d, Pe s ma wor e s i ps hi rcc tons ( e Af.( ) ba rn, c . ove lo de e but ga ys y s n erous yc ati ondii . Mos s f !9. was s ntt t o pa i ntl b,t e l bsr s t w e e r d t D r M os s a he or r d pl i tf e o he ut t e a hos a e uls r ea o . e , nd de e a n if t beta fre t t e ge yr o rnserd o he mer nc oom.(d. Anohe physca s pe dpli ifsDia i I ) t r iin us nde antf' lntn me c tonf 48hour .(d. OnJ 26,2009,Dr M os sr viwe ne bl tssa wrt diai or s l) une . e e e d w ood e t nd oe pl ntf ane prs rpton f Dia i (d. 11. ai if w e ci i or lntn. 1 ! ) Dr Gr rsw pli ifa i o J y,28 2009.(d. 1 ) Att ttme, .Gr r . ove a antf gan n ul , I ! 2. ha i Dr ove i c t t tpl ntf c dbegve Abiiydes t hi i r asd lvere me .( e Af. ndiaed ha ai if oul i n lf pie s nc e e i nzy s Mos s f !1 ) Henotdt tpli ifwa e t sathi Pe s teame a t tpli ifsi hi wie 2. e ha antf ntd o tr s ga ys r t nt nd ha antf ad s f hadnoty tc ke wih hi i tr nc compa t s ei i woul a ovet Pe ys e hec d t s nsta e ny o e f t d ppr he gas ij ci .(d.( . 34- a 1 ) n e tons 1 ;M R. 5 t 4. OnAug t31 2009,Dr M os wrt or r f Ri vii f hi he ttsC.( oss us , . es oe des or ba rn or s paii M e Af. 1 ) Dr Mos s w pli ifag nSe e r11 2009, twhihtmeherpo tdha ng f! 3. . es a antf ai ptmbe , a c i e re vi ice s dmo ds n sa dhal cnains (d 1 . Hewa i fr dt a teewe eoh r n r a e o wig n lu i t . 1 . 4) o s n ome h t h r r te dr t tw oul no a f thi lve e ym e lke A biiy;how e r he a s s a ed t tno ot r ugs ha d t f ec s i r nz s i lf ve , l o t t ha he dr wor d a wel.(d. Gi npl ntf' sae nta Dr Gr rsa ova, .Moss ug ke s l 1 ) ve ai ifs ttme nd . ove ' ppr lDr e or rdAbiiyf pl ntf.(d. Dr M os sdic iue pl ntf sHal . (d. dee lf or ai if l ) . e s ontn d ai if dol5 I ) P an ifr c i e h sfrtPe a y ij cino S pe e 2 , 0 9 ( . 3 - a 2 ) litf e ev d i is g s s n e to n e tmb r 2 2 0 . M R. 4 5 t 2. The nex da D r Gr r s a s s a c led a g i tuc i t t J lm e c ls a ft t y, . ove ' s i t nt a l nd ave nsr tons o he ai di a t f o a mi itrt ePe a y ij cin a da vie t a bo dwo kwo dn e t b d a o tn d nse h g s s n e to s n d s d h t lo r ul e d o e rwn fe . ( os sAf. 1 ) Thea ssa as movi di or to a tt te t nta po e ilsde M e f ! 5. s itnt lo de nf main bou he x ame nd tnta i er cs (d. Bl wor wasda i a co da ewihDr Grve ' or rwhiepli if fe t. I ) ood k rwn n c r nc t . o rs de l antf r c i dhi Pe ysij ton.( os Af. 1 M . 34- a 6. e eve s gas neci M es f! 6; R. 3 t ) 5Hal i a a ips hotcm e ci , lke Abiiy. dol s n nt- yc i di ne i lf A sa fnur ec red on Ocober30, t f s ha t t 2009,ha s had r c ved ac lfom Dr Gr rs t t he e ei al r . ove ' ofk e i ca i t tpl i ifwoul r ceveno f t rte t e a trhi ne f l up vii. t ndi tng ha antf d e i urhe r am nt fe s xt olow st ( os Af. 1 ) Shenot t tDr Gr rsofiesae t to mo evii a onemor lb M es f! 7. ed ha . ove ' tc ttd ha ne r st nd ea wa alhe ne ded. Dr M os a r t thewa notmadea r oft scala t tmebut s l e . es ve s ha s wa e hi l t he i i e pr t Gr rsc lt tGr ve ' ofiedi no f elt tt c i d te t ntwasno nt r e s ove ' al ha o rs fc d t e ha he ontnue r a me lng rne e s r .(d) Ho ve,h nzs n tdi plitf sp o rs n tst a, s do h r o e c say 1 . we r te l e oe n an if r g e s oe h tbae n e r co r a i w ih Dr Gr nve s ton t . over s of i e,ç c us ofno i ur nc 1m or vi i a 1 m or l b i ' fc s a e Be ns a e, e s t nd ea s alhene ds' ( . 34- a 6. l e . M R. 3 t ) ' Pl i t f w as s e i m e c lon N ove be 1 2009,f a cough,butdi nott l D r a n if e n n di a m r 5, or d el . M o e a o tt c saino Pe a usij cin .( s sAf. 1 . Ho v r p an if s s b u he e s to f g s n e to s Mo e f! 8) we e , litf co i ntnuedt r cevem e c ton f hi c o che ttsC a lve condii i l ngEnul e o e i di a i or s hr ni pa ii nd i r ton,ncudi os a Ri vmi (.. nd ba n. 1 ) 4 Pl i ifhad hi one l s a a ntf s a t ppoi m e wih Dr G r ron D e m ber22,2009. Dr nt nt t . ove ce . Gr overwr ef pl ntf shit y ofpr e il s ,t as 1 mcg wee y a Co us ot or ai if sor es nt lne s c peg ys 80 kl nd peg gka(Ri vii ' 800mgpe da we esa t ong pe r22, a C ba rn' l r y r tred se tmbe 20091 Hi i ur nc di not . s ns a e d a ove t m e c ne f he tts C tea m e ; he e or t t e t e w a s o d. La t os ppr he di i s or pa ii r t nt t r f e, he r a m nt s t ppe c ul e wa ds o tn e i t j i. ( . 3 - a 25) Dr Gr v r e o nd dt t litf rc i s ic n iu d n he al' M R. 4 5 t . . o e r c mme e ha p an if e eve ' e c da 2 t bl poonsofLa t os a h y a es cul e.Dr Gr r sr ques f La m l ewasnot d on pl n ifs . ove ' e t or c os e aitf PhyscanOr r .( . 3 4 a 3. ii de s M R. 4- t ) Dr M os sw pli ifaganonDe e r25,2009,a uthi me cai .( os sAf. . es a antf i c mbe bo s di tons M e f ! 1 ) Pl n ifi c t d t t nm sng sa ft theno l e ha i ur ncea t the di no 9. aitf ndi a e o he i tf ha ong r d ns a nd ha d t t nkhi mot rcoul pr dehi me c tons (d. W he hewa ofeedt opporuniyt hi s he d ovi s diai . 1 ) n s fr he t t o s e a m e a hea t pr derf hi m ent lhe lh i s s he de lned,s a i t the ha a e nt l lh ovi or s a a t s ue , ci t tng ha d pe ngti a waswori a t co iai t tac ul ma ca ehi (#z Pl' ndi ral nd red bout he mplc tons ha ons t y us m.J . .s , ' M otSumm.J 5. Plitf t dDr M os t thi fmiywoul pa f rhi prs rptonsa . . ) anif ol . es ha s a l d y o s e ci i nd t thewoul tndoutwhihphar c t cali t prs rptons M os Af. 1 ) Dr ha di c ma y o l n he e ci i .( es f ! 9. . M os srne dhi pr c i i f Lacul e(kad os ' t te thi he tts a e e we s esrpton or t os a t Enul e' o ra s paii, nd ) pli ifsmot rpr vi t updaedphama i omai (d. Atnotmedtrngt vii antf' he o ded he t r cy nfr ton. I ) i zi he st di pl i ifques i orcom pl i t Dr M os s a d a ntf ton an o . e boutt c s ton ofhi Peg ys te t e s he es a i s as r a m nt . (d. DrM ossa e st a i p an ifh db o g tiu , ewo l ha esn panif c t Dr I ) . e v r h t f litf a r u h t p h ud v e t litf ba k o . Gr rf aco ulai (d. ove or ns tton. 1 ) Pl ntf di notc a tt m e c ld pa t e ag n untlFe ua y 22,201 whe he ai if d ont c he di a e rm nt ai i br r 0, n s it a m edi lr que tf ubm ted ca e s onn i c tng t thi f m iy c d no l rafor hi ndi a i ha s n l oul onge f d s mediainsa hewa e t tfnih'hi he ttsteame .(#z!20. l rs et t t c to nd ntd o çi s ' s paii r t nt J . ) n epons o ha r ques ,Dr M os s or r d t ta a e t . e de e ha n ppoi m e be s hedul d w ih Dr Gr ve ' of i e f nt nt c e t . o r s fc or e uai (d Thi a nt twa she e f M ac 23,201 I ) Ho ve, antf val ton. L=) s ppoi men s c duld or rh 0.(d. we rpli if w a r ea ed f om t J i on Fe ua y 22, 0, nt t c t y o t U nie St t M a s l s el s r he a l br r 201 i o he us od f he t d a es r ha s Ser ie.( os Af.!21) Cons que l hi a nt ntwihDr Gr rsofiewas vc M es f . e nty, s ppoi me t . ove ' fc c nceed.(d. a l I) P an ifwa ta fre b c t t eJ i o Au u t8 2 0.(d. 2 . Plitf rc ie litf s rnse rd a k o h al n g s , 01 1 ! 2) anif e ev d amedia s r e ng on ad ison,and Dr M os sc ntnued hi c e medi tonst the c l c e ni m si . e o i s un-nt cai ha r c i da t ot rJ i, c weePhe oi (kad lni ' f s i es Se tai (ka e eve t he he alwhih r nyt n a d a tn') or ezur , rr lne a Di Ezol 1' frde esi a Ome a ol (kaû ios c'f rso h a i (d. 23. The t of'l o pr son, nd pr z e a t l e ' o tmac cd. l ! ) pr ) J i' me ia d pat n r q e tdme ia rc r fo t oh r alwhc s we t a h als dc l e rme t e u se dc l e ods r m he te j i, ih ho d h t e wa no rc vi Pegayste t nt whiehous dt r (d. 22. s t e ei ng s r ame s l e he e. L=! ) O n Se e be 2, 0, ai i ffl a g i va e t t m e ca de r m e t c pl i pt m r 201 pl ntf ied r e nc o he di l pa t nt o om a n t the w a notr e vi t he tt sm e c ton pr c i d by Dr Gr r N ur e A ke s ha s ec i ng he pa ii di a i es r be . ove . s r r ponde and s d t the ne d t s Dr M os sbec us pl i ifr e l r - r i d a t es d ai ha ede o ee . e a e a ntf ec nty e a rve t he J i a Dr M os woul ha t r a horzea media i On Se ember3,201 pli if a l nd . es d ve o e ut i ny c ton. pt 0, antf gre d t f c t m e c de rme r n outofZol tf hi .Ake si or e pl ntf t t ive he a t he di al pa t nt a of or m r nf m d ai if ha heha t pa f i a i heco d notpa f ri t n hec d s Dr M os f hi t s l c a d o y or t nd f ul y o t he oul ee . es or m o e e t media i t the c d s tt ef Zol t c ton ha oul ubsiut or of. O n Se e be 1 201 pl ntf tl a gre nce w ih M cpea t c pl i t the w a pt m r 7, 0, ai i f i ed i va t k o om a n ha s s iluns tsi d w ih hi m e ca c r M c a e ai d t tpl i ifw a s he e t s e D r tl a i te t s di l a e. pe k xpl ne ha a ntf s c dul d o e . M os t tda D r M os s i t pe s who de e m i s hi tea m e ,a hi a lt t pa d es ha y, . e s he r on t r ne s r t nt nd s biiy o y oes notde e m i w he he he r c vestea m e . D r M os s w pl i i fl t rt tda on t r ne t r e ei r t nt . es a a ntf a e ha y Se e r1 201 LJ!24. Pli ifi cae t theha notha a f l up snc he ptmbe 7, 0.(Is ) antf ndi td ha d d ny olow- i e lf t J i i Fe uay201 (d. Dr M os so dee Dia i Za a Elvi,a dahe tts e the aln br r 0. 1 ) . e r rd lntn, ntc, a l6 n paii f to ts.( os Af. 24. Pl ntf cai t thewasnow aVDOC i t me ni uncin e t M es f! ) ai if l med ha nmae, a ng t tt VDOC wo dbers i ef hi me c lc t.(d. Dr M os snotdt t ha he ul e ponsbl or s dia oss l ) . e e ha co im a i oft tf tw asne ded be a e bei a VD O C i a e w oul di t t w hi h nfr ton ha ac e c us ng nm t d ca e c f mulr Dr Mos sf l d.(#. or ay . e olowe J ) Pl n i ft l a he grevaw e t nex da e pl i ng t tD r M os t d pl i if ai t f i ed not r i l he t y, om a ni ha . es ol antf t thec ul no pr s rbehi he t smedii wihoutfrtc ki wih tLal ha o d 1 e ci s pahi cne t is hec ng t çl il 6El vi i a a i pr s a , a i Zol a l s n ntde e s nt s s oh. 8 Adm i s r ton' w he he pl n i fw a a V D O C i a e ye . M c k r s ni ta i ' t r ai t f s nm t t pea e ponded, e lng pl i tf t li a n if he w ildi l scoverw het he i a V D OC i at her s nm e. M e a he t s a fm e w ih pl i ifon O dobe 4,201 t e l t hi bi a dior r nt l alh t f t t a ntf r 0, o va ua e s pol r s de a drfre hi t aps c ars f raps c iti e lain.(d. 2 . anifsbo df rte n eer d m o y hitit o y harc vau to I ! 6)Plitf' lo o h he ttsts wasdrwnonOdobe 6, 0.(d !25. OnOcobe 7,201 a trrc vi t paii e t a r 201 L= ) t r 0, fe e ei ng he r s t ,D r M os or r d t tpl i ifs e D r G r vera i t e ua e hi he ttsa nee e uls . es de e ha a ntf e . o ga n o val t s pa ii nd d f f ur teame s L=) Dr M os sa r t tiwoul no ha be nme c lypr en f or ut e r t nt.(d . e ves ha t d t ve e dial ud t or hi t pr s rbe m edi a i ns lke Pega ys w ihoutcons tng a Gls ci i tbec us oft m o e ci c to , i s , t uli pe als a e he poe ilfrsg t ntsdeefe t t plitf sps hiti dior r .(d. tnta o inika i fcs o anif yc arc s de s I ) Be or hec dke p hi a nt nt wih Dr Gr ra t ps hi tit pli ifwa f e oul e s ppoi me s t . ove nd he yc ars, antf s ta fre fom t J lt aVDOC fclt onOco r20,201 M os Af. 27. Dr M os rnserd r he ai o a iiy tbe 0.( es f ! ) . es ha nofrhe i veme wihpli if (d. Afe rviwi pl ntf' me c lrc ds Dr d u t r nvol nt t antf. I ) tr e e ng ai ifs dia e or , . M os sa r t tt nur i saf a opra ey f lwedand i plm e e hi m e ca or r . e ve s ha he sng t f ppr it l olo m e nt d s di l de s (d !3 . Hefrh ra r ta n re pa e panif nt ep y iin' ls a dDr Mosss w L= 0) u te ves h t u s s lc d litf o h h sca s it n . e a hi whe ve pli ifs te r que t t s et physca (d. m ne r antf ubmitd e ss o e he iin. 1 ) l. l THE STATUTE OF LI TATI BARS CLAI SA CCRUI BEF D ECEM BER 4, MI ONS M NG ORE 2008. Se ton 1 c i 983 a s t s a ut oflm ia i t tt f u s a e us s f ge r dopt he t t e i t tons ha he or m t t e or ne al p ro l nu ye s s Owe sv. u e 4 8U. 23 , 4 - 0( 98 ) Vign assaueo es na ij r a e . n Ok r, 8 S. 5 2 9 5 1 9 . r i i' ttt f lmiainsa i bl t j 1 a tonsi t yeas Se Va Codej8. - A) Howe , i tto pplca e o 983 ci s wo r. e . 01243( . ver f all is fgover t ques i ofw hen a caus ofacton accnz See Cox v. St on, eder aw t el ns he ton e i es. ant 5 F. 47,50( h Ci.1 ) A f erlca eofa tona r swhe Shepli ifhasd 29 2d 4t r 975 . ed a us ci ccue n c antf t a c omplt a pr e c e ofaci n'' e e nd es nt aus to 'whent pl i ifd an fl s tand obt n r if' Ba he antf t ie ui c ai ele . y ' Ar a La e undr a Dr Cl a nc Pe i Tr tFund v.Fe ba Cor .ofCal,5 U . 1 2, v nd y e ni ns on us r r p . 22 S. 9 201 ( 9 7 .Se Na i v W ad ns d. u eo Co rcin 6 F.d9 , 5 ( t Ci.1 9 )(n 1 9 ) e sm . r e M Ho s f re to , 4 3 51 9 5 4h r 9 5 e ba )( di t tac us ofa tonunde j 1 ac r a t saut oflmiai begns nc hol ng ha a e ci r 983 cues nd he tt e i ttons i r ng t unni i whent pli ifpos es e s fce f c sa utt ha m donet hi t tr s bl he antf s s s ufi int a t bo he r o m ha ea ona e i uiywilrvea hi c us ofa ton' .Pli iffl hi Compli noe rirt non nq r l e l s a e ci ' antf ied s ) ant ale ha De e be 4, 0, heda ehesgne t Compl nta ma havepl e i i t prs m alng c m r 201 t t i d he ai nd y ac d t n he ion ii s tm.Se Housonv.La k,487U. 266( 988 ( s rbi t prs n- l r e . yse e t c S. 1 ) de ci ng he io maibox ul) The e or pl i ifsi t ntcl m smus havea c ue a t De e be 4,2008, o t m t be r f e, antf nsa ai t c r d fer c m r f r he o tm el fl d. i y ie Pl n ifari d a t J lon Oc obe 1 2008. Pli ifcompl i t the di no ha aitf rve t he ai t r 4, antf ans ha d t ve a e st hi men a he t pr s rptonss afe hi a va a t thi c i na defns cc s o s t l alh e c i i oon tr s ni l nd ha s rmi l e e a t ne s a l te t M c a a ki t r ce ve t m . A c r ngl a r e e e t tor y ent e t r o pe k s ng o e i he co di y, ny ef r nc o i deq t m e c c r pl ntf r c ved i vi a i oft Ei ht A m e e be wee na ua e di al a e ai if e ei n ol ton he g h ndm nt t n Oc obe 1 2008,a De ember4,2008,i ba r d byt sa ut oflmia i . t r 4, nd c s re he tt e i t tons? SUM MARY JUDGM ENT STANDARD A p ryi e t ldt s mma yj dg n Cf h p e dng ,h d s o r a dd s ls r a t s ni e o u r u me tl t e la i s t e ic vey n ico u e t i m a e i son f l a a a t da t s t ral ie, nd ny fi vis how t tt r i no ge ne i s ast a m a e i f c a ha he e s nui s ue o ny t ral a t nd t tt mova ti e il t j me a amatroflw. Fed.R. v.P.56( .M aeilfcs ha he n s ntted o udg nt s te a ' ' Ci c) tra a t a e t ene es a yt e t ih t e e t ofa pa t sc us ofa ton. Ande s v.Li ry r hos c s r o sabls he l men s ry' a e ei r on be t 7Pli ifs iialy sae i hi Complitt tt ale Ei h Am e e vi a i oc red t n ora antf pecfc l tts n s an ha he lged ght ndm nt oltons cu r t o bout g p e e l , 01 J' ( mp . . se tmb r 7 2 0 . Co l 2 ) ' 10 LobbvsI ,477U. 242,248( 98 .A ge neis ofmaei f te ssi,nviwi t nc. S. 1 6) nui sue tral ac xit f i e ng he r c d a a1 r s bl i e e s d a t r f om i a lghtm os f vor e t t no m ov ng e or nd l ea ona e nf r nce r wn he e r n i t a abl o he n- i pa t ar s bl fc-i rc d rt naveditf t nonry, ea ona e a ttnde oul eur r c or he mova .J Themovi pa t nt #. ng ry ha t bur ofs s he den howi - ç ha i, ntng ou t t diti tcou t- t tt r i a a e eof ng k t s poi i t t o he src r ha he e s n bs nc e de e t s ppo tt nonm ovi pa t sc e. Ce o e Cor v.Cate t 477 U . 31 325 vi nc o u r he ng r y' as ' l t x ' p. r t, S. 7, ( 986) l t mova s ife t sbtr n,he t non- ntmus stf t s cii f t 1 . f he nt atsis hi lde t n he mova t e orh pe fc acs a isbl asevi et tde dm s i e denc ha monsr t t e se e ofa ge neis off tf til8 Fe . R. ta e he xit nc nui sue ac or ra . d Ci. 5 () i . t 2 2 .A pat i e tte t s mmayj d me ti t er c r a awhoe v P. 6c ; d a 3 2- 3 ry s n i d o u r u g n f h e o d s l l co d notl a ar to lti off c t fnd i f voroft no m ova . W iln sv.Grfi 95 ul e d ai na rer a t o i n a he nnt lim ifn, 2 F. 820,823( h Ci.1 ) 2d 4t r 991 . Co v rey s mmayj d me ti i p o raei t e i e c i s fce t o a n e s l, u r u g n s na prp it f he v d n e s ufiin f r r as bl f ttnde t r ur ave di ti f vo oft non- ovi pa t Ande s 477 U . e ona e ac -i r o et n r c n a r he m ng ry. r on, S. a 2 8 Ev ni t eei n d s u ea t t ee d nir fcs s mmayj d me ti as n t t 4 . e f h r s o ip t s o h vie tay a t, u r u g n s lo o a oprat whe et uli t f t c usonst bedr wn a e i diput Ove sr e v.Ky. ppr i e r he tma e acual oncl i o a r n s e. r te t Ce . f I .Co.950F. 931,937( h Ci.1 ) cour ma net rr ol diputd ntLie ns , 2d 4t r 991.A t y ihe es ve s e f dso weg t e d n e Ru s lv. co y Co' , 5F.d1 2 ,1 3 ( t Ci. 9 5 , o a r ih he vie c , s el Mii d ne 1 6 3 2 9 2 9 4h x 1 9 ) n < p. m a de e m i tons ofc edi lt Sos bee v.M up hv,797 F.2 1 9 1 2( t Ci. 98 ) ke t r na i r biiy, e d 7 , 8 4h r 1 6 . Rahe ,hepa t opposng t moton i e il d t ha hi orhe ve son oft f dsa e ed t rt ry i he i s ntte o ve s r ri he a cc pt a tue a m or s r nd, eove , o ha a li e na confi t r ol d i hi orhe f vo . Cha bol a s de r t ve 1 nt r l lc s es ve n s ra r r m ge Fr nc v.Smih,597F. 406,41 ( hCi.1 ) Howe r Sg he opposngpatest lt a e t 2d 4 4t r 979 . ve ,swl n i ri el wo 8Pl ntf fl ass ai if ied uppor s vealsaement fom ot J lim aes ( . De lrto / fd vtn 3 )27. ' e r tt t sr her ai n t . Pl' caainAfia i(o. 0 - ) s Ho v r n n o tesae nss be th d caa totetra o p ruya d tu , ono q aiya afd vt we e, o e fh ttme t u j c te e lrn t h he t f ejr n ,h s d t u l s fia i f s f rpu pos s ofFe R. v.P.56. o r e d. Ci dfe e t tre , n o wh c i baa tyc nr dce b ter c r , ota n r ao a ej r ifr n so is o e f ih s ltn l o ta itd y h e o d s h t o e s n bl u y coul be i ve i, c ts d nota d le t a our houl doptt tve s o o t f ct f pum os s ofr i o a ha r i n f he a s or e ulng n motonfrs i o ummayj r udgme . Sc tv. ni ,550U. 372,380( nt' ot Ha s ' S. 2007) Furhemor ,apat . t r e ry d anno c e t a ge ne i s ofm a eralf c t ough m e e s ul ton ort buidi ofone c c t rae nui s ue t i a t hr r pec a i he l ng i eenc uponanot r' Be ev. r v,769F. 21 21 (t Ci.1 .The eo e çg e e nfr e he .' al Ha d 2d 3, 4 4h r 985) r fr ,dmlr un u p re s c lto . .sno e o g t d fa as mma yj d me tmo in. En i v s p o td pe u ain . i t n u h o ee t u r u g n to ' ns . ' Na' As ' ofBus & Educ.Ra o,nc.53F. 55,62( hCi.1 . M orove , pli if tl sn . di l , 3d 4t r 995) e r a antf c r t eyo ar s ns t amo inf rs mmayj d me tt a ta a a n me t oc re t amo r l n e po e o to o u r u g n o c s n me d n t o rc d fce ce i ac mplitc le g db ad fnd n ' mo inf rs mmayj d me t Se eiin is n o an haln e y ee a ts to o u r u g n . e Gimo v.Gae .M c l & Co.38 F. 1 2,1 5( 1hCi.2004)(; pl ntf ma not l ur ts Donad , 2 3d 31 31 1 t r C ai if y A a ndh rc mplittr u hag me tn ab ifo p sn s mmayj d me t); r lyW ht me e o an h o g r u n i re p o ig u r u g n . Baca i ' e Ska ka,l v. tel M e ll t,262F. x 55 5 & n.6(t Ci.2008)@ o. ns nc. Batle m' ns. App' 6, 63 1 4h r 071 4) a ia ea 2008W L 238562,a + 2008U. App. 08 , valbl t t 6, S. LEXI 1 6, t*1820( i t t S 91 a - notng ha ot cr uissm ia l pr bi apli iffom r ii ne c am si opposton t s her ic t i lry ohi t antf r asng w l i n ii o umm a y r j d me t n noi t a dsrc c t t wi i t eFo lhCic t v a o td Gimo r. u g n a d tng h t itit ol s t n h u' ruiha e d p e l u ) r h t PLAI FFFAI TO ESTABLI AN AD A CLAI . NTI LS SH M Pl i ifcli st tt ADA wa vi a e be us hewa de e m e ea insba e antf am ha he s olt d ca e s ni d di to sd upo hi i g ya t t toft me c ton. ( n s ndienc nd he l cos he diai ' Compl 7. Toesa ih a ADA- te1 ' . ) tbls n Til 1 vi ai apli ifmus s t t ( )hehasadia lt,( hewaset re ude fom olton, antf t how ha : 1 s biiy' 2) ihe xcl d r pa tcpai i ordenid t be ft ofs epublc e iy' s r c , pr r m s ora tvii s f r rii ton n e he ne is om i ntt s e vi es og a , c i te o whihhewa ot r s qualfe a ( s he l i de a ofbe ft,o ds rmi to c s hewie iid; nd 3) uc xcuson, nil neis r ici nain wasby r as ofhi di a lt SççConsa i v. or M a on Uni , 1F. 474, ( h e on s s biiy. tntne Ge ge s v.41 3d 498 4t . Ci. ) Bar v. e 1 F. 462,467( hCi.1999 .TheADA i no viltdbe a ea r 2005 ; id Ros , 92 3d 4t r ) s t oae c us j i smpl fist atndt t me ca nee ofisdia e prs r 'apl ntf mus s w t t al i y al o te o he di l ds t s bld ione s ai if t ho ha , he waste t d i a dic i i t r m ame be us ofhi dia lt SeeBr a v. a xa 8 r a e n s rm na o y l r ca e s s biiy. y nt M dî n, 4 F.d2 6 2 9( t Ci.1 9 )(oligt a t eADA i n ti oae b aprs n jsmp yf in 3 4 , 4 7h r 9 6 h dn h t h s o k ltd y io l i l al g vi i t a tnd t t me c ne ofisdia e prs r .N odic i i ton i al ge , ymz wa o te o he di al eds t s bld ione s s rm na i s le d' Br t s notte tdwo s be a ehewa dia e ' rae re c us s sbld. ). l t sca e, ai ifc a m st the a l ge y w a de ed m edi a i f hi va i n hi s pl ntf l i ha le dl s ni c tons or s r ous c tonsbe us ofhi i ge ondii ca e s ndi ncy,no be aus ofa y dec a ed di a lt The e or ,pl i tf s t c e n lr s biiy. r f e a n if own ale to esa ih t tt a lge motvewass t ng ot rt n dia lt l gai ns t bls ha he le d i ome hi he ha s biiy. Ac o dngy,h ADA i no i lc td a dt d fn a t aee tte t s mmayj d me t c ri l te s tmpiae , n he ee d n s r n ild o u r u g n f t sc a m . or hi l i D. PLAI FF D OESN OT H AVE A CONSTI ONAL RI TO A CCESSG RI NTI TUTI GHT EVANCE PROCEDURES. Pl i ifc am st thi gre nc we e s fed fo ofi t ofi e wih no pe m a n antf l i ha s i va es r hufl r m fce o tc t r ne t r ol i t t m .Ho e r pl i ifdoesnotha aduepr s o o he oo tt i na rg tt es uton o he w ve , antf ve oce s T t r nsiuto l i h o t J i' g i va pr dur .l i w e ls t l d t tt Co tt i c e t s no e il m e ofa he a ls r e nce oce es t s l el e ha he ns iuton r a e ntte nt prs rt g iva epr dur o ac es t a s h pr ed evol a iy e t bls d by a ione o re nc oce es r c s o ny uc oc ur unt rl sa ihe sae.Ada v. c 40F. 7 75( hCi.1 .Ac or ngl t dee nt aee ildt tt ms Rie, 3d 2, 4t r 994) c di y,he fnda s r ntte o s ummar j me f t scai y udg nt or hi l m. E. PLAI I F FAI TO ES NT F LS TABL S AN EQUAL PROTECTI CLAI . IH ON M Pl i ifa guest tt de e nt vi a e t Foure nt Am e e ' Eq l antf r ha he f nda s olt d he te h ndm nts ua Pr ec i n Cl us be a e oft i a l ge di c i i to ba e on hi diabiiy orpove t . To ot to a e c us he r le d s r m na i n s d s s lt ry s c d on a equa pr e i c am ,aprs rmus de onsr t t the ha be n te t d uc ee n l otcton l i ione t m ta e ha s e rae dif r nty f o ot s wih w hom he i s m ia l s t t and t t l e f e e l r m her t s i l ry iua ed hat he m qualtea m e w a t r t nt s he r s tofitntona orpur e uldici nai eul ne i l pos f s rmi ton.M orionv. ra v, F. 648,654(t rs Ga rcht 239 3d 4h Ci. ) Onc t ts ngi made t c r ne deemi whehe t dipaae r 2001. e ha howi s ,he ou t xt tr nes t r he s rt te t n c n b j siidu d rt er q ii lv l fc rany.I Th rto a b ssts a pl s r ame t a e u tfe n e h e ust e e o e tit d. e ain l a i e t p i e e t c e alegi di c i i ton bas upon a di a lt Se K lncl rv.Di . D e tofRe nue, o as s l ng s r m na i ed s biiy. e i e r. p' ve Stt ofM o.455F. 888,894( t Ci. ae , 3d 8h r 2006)(ttngdipaaeteame ba e ondia lt i sai s rt r t nt s d sbiiy s s b e tt t r to a b ssts) u j c o he ai n l a i et. I t sca e t r i no evi nc t tsmia l st t prs r we ete t d a n hi s , he e s de e ha i lry iuaed ione s r r a e ny dif r nty f om pl i i f The e a e no s ii ly aleg f c si ntf ng t e sm ia l fe e l r a ntf . r r pec fca l l ed a t de iyi hos i l ry s t t d i a e ort dipa a e t e t e . Eve i pl i ifw a t e t d dif r ty,t r wasa iua e nm t s he s r t r a m nt n f a ntf s r a e f e en l he e r tona bassf t m a ri whih he wasteaedbe a ehi lve c to m a te t e ai l i or he nne n c r t c us s i r ondii n de r am nt ofhi ps hi ti c s yc a r c ondii , pa ii ,a s i ur s The r c d r ve s t tDr M os tons he tts nd e z e . e or e al ha . es e m i d hi ,or r d l dr wn, e c i d m e cai nsa r e r hi t bot a GI xa ne m de e abs a pr s rbe di to nd ef red m o h s eils a ahos t lwhe a o it Thes f de o ta ear tona ba i f teai pe a it nd pia n ppr pra e. e ads m nsr t a i l s s or r tng hi ba e on hi ow n uni cic s a s c or ngl t de e nt a e en il d t m sd s que r um t nce .A c di y, he f nda s r tte o s mmayj d me tf rt scam. u r u g n o hi li PLAI FFFAI TO ESTABLI A DEFENDANT' DELI NTI LS SH S BERATE I FFERENCE. NDI Pl i ifm a ha be n apr tilde aneedurng apori oft tm epe i aleg i antf y ve e era t i i ton he i rod l ed n hi cai , nd ac c e i a edurngt o he po ton. The Due Pr es Cl e oft s lm a onvit d nm t i he t r ri oc s aus he Fouree t A m e m e gove s a pr t i lde a nee' da m ofde a ofm ed ca ca e. M a i s. t nh nd nt m era t i s i ni l i l r rtn Ge ie,8 F. 8 870(t Ci.1 .Howe r snceprti deanee aee il t a n/l 49 2d 63, 4h r 988) ve , i eral ti s r ntted o t 14 l s t s m epr ec i undert Foure nt Amendme asa ec c e prs ne sunde t ea t he a ot ton he te h nt r onvit d i o r r he Ei h A m e m e ,t n c t us t Ei ht Am e e ' d i a e i f e e e' s a r ght nd nt he our s e he g h ndm nts s ber t ndif r nc ' t nda d del ofEsel v.Ga e 429U. 97,1 ( 9 ,t e l t apr ti det ne scli Youngv. tle mbl, S. 04 1 76) o vauae eral ai e' am. CiyofMountRa e,238F. 567,575( hCi.2001. t nir 3d 4t r ) A pl i ifm us s a ntf t how t ta de e ntac e w ih de i r t i f e e e t a s r ous ha f nda t d t lbe a e ndi f r nc o e i m e ca nee i or t s a e a c a m unde t Ei h a Four e nt A m e di l d n der o t t l i r he ght nd te h ndm e sf nt or i ufii ntm e c la ssa ns fc e di a s it nce.Esel ,429 U. a 1 A m e c lne d s rouse t le S. t 04. di a e e i nought gi o ve r s t ac tt tona cai i ve ac ton t tpl e t i a ea a s t n i lrs of ie o onsiu i l l m nvol s ondii ha ae s he nm t t ubsa ta ik s rous ha m , ualy l s oflf orper a tdi a lt ora condii f w hi h l ck o ei r us l os ie m nen s biiy, ton or c a f te t ntpe pe ua e s ve epan. Sos bee 797 F. atl 1 83. l or rt s r a me r t ts e r i e , 2d 8 n de o how delbe at i r e i fe e e,apublcofi i m us ha be npe s nal a r off c si c tng as t nta ndif r nc i fcal t ve e r o ly wa e a t ndi a i ubsa i l rs ofs roushar , t ofi a mus ha a t l r co z t exit e o s h ars ik e i m and he fcil t ve cualy e gnied he senc f uc ik. Fame v. e n,511U. 825,838( 994 .V lbeaei fee maybede nsrtdby r r Brnna S. 1 ) i i rt ndifrnce De mo tae eihe a t li e orrc es dirgad. Mite v. om,8 F. 848,8 ( hCi.1 . t r cua ntnt e kl s se r ' lir Be ' 96 2d 51 4t r 990) Se Panih e r .Le v.Cl l 372F.d29 3 ( h Ci. e s x el e eveand, 3 4, 03 4t r 2004)((T) e de emus 1( he vi nc t s w t tt eo t a i q sin s b e tv l rc g z dt a hi a o swee$n p r p it i ho ha h fkiln ueto u j ciey e o nie h t s din r i a p o rae n lg oft trs ''.Theprs ne mus s t tadee ntsa tonwastgl gos l iht ha ik.' ) io r t how ha fnda ' ci tso r sy i om pe e , na qua e,ore e s ve ast s k t c c e e ort be i ol r bl t nc t nt i de t xc s i o hoc he ons i nc o nt e a e o f unda e alf ines . 1 N on- e c lpr s e pl esca be f m nt a r s' d. ' m di a i on m oye n ound t ha a t d w ih o ve c e t dei r t i fe e i t y i e i ly dea orde a i t a es t m e c lca eor lbe a e ndif r nce f he nt ntona l ly ny n nma e cc s o di a r i entonaly i er er w ih t pr crbed teat ent.Es ele, 429 U . at104nt i l nt f e t he es i r m tl S. 05. 15 Ho ve ,c am sofm edialmal a tc and ne i ntdi gnossa e no cog z bl i a we r l i c pr c ie glge a i r t ni a e n j 1 3pr ee ng.1 a 1 - SeeSos e 797F. a 181;J o v.Oui s 1 F. 98 oc di d. t 05 06. ebe , 2d t ohns n none , 45 3d 1 1 - ( hCi.1 ( i t tte tngdodo smus a t lyd a t i ee t ta 64, 68 69 4t r 998) notng ha rai r t cual r w he nfrnce ha n i a e' s pt s s gni y t pr e e ofa pa tc a c nm t s ym om i f he es nc r i ul r ondii and t a f l r t dr w s c ton hat aiu e o a u h ani ee maypr s ntacam f ne i nc butnotacli unde t Ei h Ame me ) nfrnce ee li or glge e, am r he ght nd nt. A prs r sdiag e m e wih m e ca pe s me o t coure ofhi team e doe notsae ione ' s r e nt t di l r or l ver he s s r t nt s tt aj l cai W rg v.Coli ,7 F. 841 8 ( hCi.1 ) Rus elv.Shefe,5 983 l m. iht lns 66 2d , 49 4t r 985 ; s l fr 28 F. 31 31 ( h Ci.1 )( c im) 2d 8, 9 4t r 975 per ura . Pl i ifshe ttsC qualfe a as rousme c lne d. Se e. ,Br antf pa ii ii s s e i di a e e, g. own v.J on, ohns 387F. 13 ( 1hCi,2004)(i ngt taprs rsH1 a he ttsweets i 3d 44 1 t r fndi ha ione ' V nd paii r zerous me c lnee 'f t pur esofa Ei hAmend ntcli .Howe r t r or rve l dia ds'or he pos n ght me am) ve ,he ec d e as t tD r M os w asnotde i r t l i f e e t pl i if she tts Dr M os s f e nty m e ha . es lbe a e y ndif r nt o a ntf pa ii . . e r que l t w ih pl i ifw hie he w as a t J i,or r bl t s s r f r e pl i i ft a s c als a t t a ntf l t he a l de ed ood e t , e e r d a ntf o pe i it nd he e e ge y r m r nc oom w hen ne s ar a a ho i e varouspr s rptons ce s y, nd ut r z d i e ci i . Plitf smao c mplits ro d t itnu to o hi Pe ayste t n s Dr anif j r o an u run s he n e p in f s g s r ame t. . Gr rdee m i on J 2, ove t r ned une 2009, ha pli ifs d r evePega ys . os spr c i d t t antf houl ec i s .Dr M e es rbe Enul e i J 2009 a Ri vii i A ug t2009 t t e tpl ntf she tts D r Gr ve s w os n une nd ba rn n us o r a ai i f pa ii . . o r a pl i ifagan on J y, 2009,a not d t tpli tf swiehad no ye c c d wih hi antf i ul 28, nd e ha a n if f t t he ke t s i s r n ec mp n t s ei t ywo dc v rt ePe a y ij cin .( o e Af. 2. Plitf n u a c o a y o e f he ul o e h g s s n e to s M s s f 1 ) anif r c i e h sfrta ds e n l o l Pe a y ijcino S p e e 2 , 0 9. OnDe e r e ev d i is, n e migy ny, g s s ne to n e tmb r 2 2 0 9 c mbe 9Pl ntf' medialr or i ude ad e cai Adm i srton Rec d't lssPe s butIca ai ifs c ec d ncl s t di ton M nitai or 'hat it ga ys nnota ce t n s rai , t m e ni oft varous s rbbl d nu be sand lte sdes r bi isa i ton. ( . 3 - a 1 ,1 . he a ngs he i , c i e m r e tr c i ng t pplca i M R. 4 7 t 1 3) 2 , 0 9 Dr M o e rne dp an ifsprs rp in frLa t o e(ka4 uo e't te ths 5 2 0 , . s s e we litf ec ito o culs a û ls ' o ra i En ) he ii . Thr patts oughoutt stm e pl ntf r pea e y r e ved bl t s s t m onio hi he tts hi i , ai if e t dl ec i ood e t o t r s pa ii . Furher or ,pl i ifdoesno esa ih delbert i fe e i lg ofM os s a r nt t t t m e antf t t bls i a e ndif r nce n i ht e ' ve me s ha he wasnoti m e a e y i or e oft s pe i n oft Pe yst e t ent . m di t l nf m d he us ns o he gas r a m s Thus t r co d e t bls t tpl ntf wasr cevi va i di gnos sa , he e r sa ihes ha ai if e i ng rous a e nd m e c tonst tea hi he ttsa m e aldior r tu di a i o r t s pa ii nd nt s de s lrughoutt tme hewa a t J i. he i s t he al Al o g t r c r e tb ih sta h sPe a y ij cimswe ed ly d,i td a dutmaey t u h he e o d sa ls e h t i g s s ne tc h r ea e lmi , n l tl e i tnni t d by Dr Gr e na e . overi lghtofas rai ng pl ntf ' i ur e i or ton,Dr M os s n i ce t ni ai ifs ns anc nf ma i . e a horz o he he ttst e t en s bl pa s a c ula i . A lhoug pl i if ut i ed t r pa ii r a m t , ood nel , nd ons t tons t h a ntf c pl i aboutt del ys i s e ng m e a hea t pr es i na s he r e ve va i om a ns he a n e i nt l lh of s o l , ec i d r ous pr s rptons f hi m e alco tons Pl i if sdi s ts a ton w ih t cour e ofhi e ci i or s nt ndii . a ntf ' s a i f c i t he s s t e t e s a t doc or 'de i i a r a m nt nd he t s c s ons boutw hi h m e ca i nsm a be pr c i d doesnot c di to y es r be i ple t a c tt i na vi a i n. Se Esele 4 U . a 1 Rus e l 528 F. a 31 m i a e ons iuto l ol t o e t l , 29 S. t 04) s l, 2d t 9 (ttngt taprs rdoe nothaveaco tt i lrg t c et c s ofte t nt. sai ha ione s nsiutona iht o hoos he oure r ame ) The Cons iuton doe notgua a e t tpl i ifm a r e ve a pa tc a t e t e b t t tt i s r nt e ha a ntf y ec i r i ul r r a m nt ut ha pl i ifm a r e ve a a opr a e t e t e . A co r c i ldo t doesno vi a e t a ntf y ec i n ppr i t r a m nt r e tona c or t ol t he Cons iuton by m e el c tt i r y hoosng t pr s rbe a m edi a i on is f r ul r i t d ofa he i o e ci c ton t o m a y ns ea not r m e c ton noton isf mul r a l a i i p es rbe i a co da e wih m e ca dic e i dia i t or a y s ong s t s r e i d n c r nc t di l s r ton a Es e l . nd t le Pli tf alo f ist esa ih acli f rhi pa tc a ale ton ofde i r t a n if s a l o t bls am o s riulr l gai lbe ae i fee eG o a g pt r1 201 J' Pli ifs cfcal alege t tDr M os si ndifrnc l r bout se embe 7, 0 . antf pe ii ly l s ha . e n on ' Se e r201 ûeus t rfrg antflt Dr Gr ve t c i he aiiqc te t nta ptmbe 0 k f ed o e e pli it o . o r o ontnue pgtts- rame s r pr c i dduet g s i biiyt pa ' Howe r t r c drveast tDr M os sa s s d esrbe o hil na lt o y. ' ve,he e or e l ha . e sese pli tf on Se e a n if pt mber1 201 a t rfr ta nt e afe pl i ifr t ne t t J l Dr 7, 0, t hei is ppoi m nt tr antf e ur d o he ai. . M os s or r a he tt sf ton bl t t and t bl wascolec e on O c obe 6,201 e de ed pa ii unc i ood es , he ood l td t r 0. On t ne da t r s t w e e r por e a Dr M os s a i r f r e pl ntf t D r Gr rt he xt y, he e uls r e t d, nd . e ga n e e r d ai if o . ove o e uaeplitf she tts ( . 3 6a 25. Pli ifaloha bl drwna i o Oco r val t anif paii. M R. 4- t ) antf s d ood a gan n tbe 1 201 f abascmea i pa ,a t rs t weerpo t t ne da ( . 34- a 5, 0, or i tbolc nel nd he euls r e red he xt y. M R. 6 t 26. Pli iflf t J i befr hec datndhi co ulai wih Dr Gr r M os sa r ) antf et he al o e oul te s ns tton t . ove . e ves t tpl ntf ne ded t co ul wih Dr Gr ra i t de e m i t l ve ofc r bec us ha ai if e o ns t t . ove ga n o t r ne he e l a e a e c ran he ttsm e ca i ,lkePe ys ha sgniiant pot nta sdeefec st pli ifs e ti paii di tons i gas , ve i fc , e il i f t o antf ps hi ti di or r . Pl i if s di ag e e w ih Dr M os s a yc a r c s de s a ntf s r em nt t . e boutt p o i t ofor rng a he r pr e' y de i c n utto ise do j s i d aey od rn panifsp ee rdp e c ito d e n t o s lain n ta f u t mme it l r e ig li tf rfre r srpin o s o e t bls a c tt i lvi a i s a ih ons iutona ol ton. Pl i if sbi a co ton a s qualfesasa s r ousm e c lne Se ,e. , a ntf ' pol r ndii l o ii ei di a ed. e g. Gu lemo iv Alxa d r 5 3F. u p. 21 8 6( Com.l 8 )(ttn te t n o me tl gil n . e n e , 8 S p 8 , 2 D. l 9 4 saig r ame t f na dior r ofme alydit be i tsi as rousmedc lne dt rEsel) Ho ver no s de s nt l sur d mnae s ei ia e mde tle . we , ne oft de e nt w e e delbe a e y i f e e t hi c ton.Fore m pl ,pl ntf he f nda s r i r t l ndif r nt o s ondii xa e ai i f c pl i d i a g i va e o Se e be 3, 0, c w ass a t rhe r tm w d t t J i, om a ne n r e nc n pt m r 201 whi h oon f e et o he a l t tt m e ca depa t e e use hi Zol ts y a henee d m or ofi.Nur e Ake s ha he di l rm nt xha t d s of uppl nd de e t s r r ponded b i or i pl ntf t the ha t pa f r i i he s c fca l w a e Zol l es y nf m ng ai if ha d o y o t f pe i i ly nt d of . Howe r i hec d notafor t pa f Zol t hi pr f red dnl a wha wa pr c i d a ve , f oul f d o y or of, s e e r g nd t s es rbe t t ot rj i,heco ds hedul a a nme wihDr M os t fndane vae he he al ul c e n ppoit nt t . es o i qui lnt pr s rpton pai f by t J i. I e Dr M os s m e w ih pl i ifs t r afe a e ci i d or he a l nde d, . e t t a ntf oon he e t r nd 18 pr s rbe a t rdr El vi, o r pl cepli ifsZol t Furhe r ,e i,a gue e c i d no he ug, a l t e a antf ' of. t nno e ven f r ndo,a de e n de a d a pa tcul rt e t en i t c pl t a e e ofa he a opr a e f nda t l ye ny r i a r a m t n he om e e bs nc not r ppr i t te m entf he ttsorm e a il s t de aysw e e nots g fca , pl ntf f l t r at or pa ii nt l lnes , he l r i nii nt and ai i f ais o de c i e a r s tng ha m orw or ene c ton. Se e. ,W e v.H a i l 281F. s r b ny e uli r s d ondii e, g. bb m dulah, App' 1 1 67( h Ci. )( l tngc s sr quii bot sgnii a dea a x 59, 66- 4t r 2008 coleci a e e rng h i tc nt ly nd worene c ton) s d ondii . Pl ntf a s f l t de c i ho M c aki e i l de a d ordenid hi a e st ai if lo ais o s rbe w pe ntntonaly l ye e m cc s o m e c c r ori e i ly i e f r wih hi pr s rbed t e t e . The r or r ve s di al a e nt ntona l nt r e ed t s e c i r a m nt ec d e al pl i if s f e nti e a tonsw ih t J ls m edi a s a f r f r al t an e e ge y r a ntf ' r que nt r c i t he ai' c l t f, e e r s o m r nc oom a nd m e c s c a it a nu e ousm e ca i nsw iho a i ve entby M c a Pl i i f di al pe i ls , nd m r di to t ut ny nvol m pe k. a ntf a s f l t e t bls a c am a i tAke sbas on he own conduc . Pli tf wa st hol lo ais o sa ih ny l i ga ns r ed r t a n if nt o d he a ount bl f rot rnur es alege ne i enc f i e r i hi m e ca i . r cc a e o he s ' l d glg e or nt r uptng s di tons Supe ior la lt unde j 1 ma notbepr c tdonl ont t or ofrs rvs y ibiiy r 983 y ediae y he he y e ponde t a s ror Se Vi dgev.Gi ,550F. 926,929( hCi.1 .Pli ifas fist upei . e nne bbs 2d 4t r 977) antf lo al o des r be how a a l ed del y t r ce ve a m edi a i r ule i a w o s d c ton ei ny leg a o e i c ton es t d n ny r ene ondii be yond ora ha' be l m yond t i r nte f d s ofhe tt sa hi m e a il s e . See e. , he nhe e f e pa ii nd s nt l lne s s , c. W e 281F.App' 1 1 ( l ngca e r quii bot sg t ntdea a wore d bb, x 66- 67 coledi s s e rng h inika ly nd s ne c ton) ondii . l c l i pl i ifr e ve s gnik a m e ca i e ven i n, a hi dis ts a ton n onc us on, a ntf ec i d i t nt di l nt r t o nd s s a if ci wih t dif r ntpr c i i ort tm e be w e n m e c le l tons o pr s rptons d not t he f e e es r ptons he i t e di a va ua i r e ci i oes e t bls a vi a i oft Ei ht a Fouree h A m e m e s Pl i ifa s f ie t e t bls s a i h ol ton he g h nd t nt nd nt . a ntf l o a l d o s a i h a vi a i oft A D A ,t D ue Pr ol ton he he ocessCl ause,ort EqualPr ecton Cl . A c or ng y, he ot i ause c di l 19 t de e he f ndan s a e e il d t q lte i m uniy,a 1g a t i m oton f s m a y t r ntte o ua ii d m t nd r nt he r i or um r j udgme .SeeSa e v.Kaz,533U. 1 201( )(ttngde e nt a ee ildt nt ucir t S. 94, 2001 sai f nda s r ntte o quaiidi lfe mmuniyi pli iff l t etbls ac tt ina de i ton) t f antf ais o sa ih onsiuto l prvai . 11 1. Fort f e ngras ,lgrntt dee nt'motonf s he orgoi e ons a he fnda s i or ummayj r udgmen a de t nd ny plitf smoin f rd fulj d me t s mmayj g n , nda p it n o c u e . anif to s o e a t u g n , u r ud me t a p o nme t f o ns l The Cl k i di e t d t s nd c esoft s M e or ndum Opi on and t ac om pa ng er s r c e o e opi hi m a ni he c nyi Or rt pl ntf and c de o ai i f ouns ofr or f t def nda s el ec d or he e nt . EN TER :Thi s da ofA ugus , 1. y t 201 V . Se ni Unie St t DititJ ge td aes src ud
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