Jordan v. Zych, No. 7:2010cv00491 - Document 30 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 6/15/2011. (tvt)

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- -R ' o FccusDlmco v bt xs F l E s U A R A 6K .A T O N iv FI LED I TH E U NI N TED STA TES DI RI C O U RT ST CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI T O F V I G I A C R NI R O AN O K E DIVISIO N J 15 2 1 kN 21 J A D ULI BY; LEY, CLERK L M A R K JO R DA N , Ci lA c i N o.7: 0- vvi t on 1 c 00491 Pe i i r t tone , M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N N O V. CH R ISTO PH ER ZY CH , By:Sam ue G . is l W l on U ni e St esD i t i tJudge t d at sr c R espondent . Thi i apeii f wrtofha sc p usunde 28U. C.j2241byM ak J r n, s s tton or i bea o r S. r oda who wa ani t a t Unie SttsPenientar i Le Couny,Vigi a(t Lee'a t tme s mnae t he td ae t i yn e t r ni 1 USP- ' t he i ) hetld t sa ton,c l ngi adicplna y a tont ke agans hi byt Bur a ofPrs ns ie hi ci hale ng s i i r ci a n i t m he e u io . J da a l ge t tpr s ofk i l vi a e hi rght unde t Fit A m endm e ' Due Pr es or n le s ha i on t a s ol t d s i s r he fh nts oc s Clus a Rei ousFr edom Reso ainAc (' l ', U. C.jj2000bb,e s q.durng a e nd lgi e tr to t ' A' 42 S. RFl ) te , i di c plna y pr e ngs t tr ule i a tndi t tJ da c m m it d a a s ul o a f low s i i r oc edi ha es t d n i ng ha or n o te n s a t n e l im a e Thi ma tri c r nty bef et c t am otonbyt r s nde ,Chrsophe n t . s te s ure l or he our on i he e po nt it r Zyc t W a de a USP- e, o dim isJ da speii h, he r n t Le t s s or n' tton.Thec tfndst tJ da has our i ha or n fiedt de taeentte al o monsrt ilmentt rle unde j2241f a ofhi cli ,a t rf e o eif r or ny s ams nd heeor gr nt t r ponde ' moton. a s he es nts i 1. On J y 1 201 J dan obs r e a fghtbe w ee t o ot prs r ,K e t M il ul 0, 0, or evd i t nw her i one s nne h ls a Pa W e kl y,i t pr s ya d a U SP- e. Acc di g t J da , afe a l edl nd ul a e n he i on r t Le 1 or n o or n t r leg y obs r ng t tW ea ey w a hol ng s e s r ofw e pon i o ofhi ha , or n wa ke e vi ha kl s di om o t a n ne s nds J da l d ove t W e kl y a pl ce hi f on W ea e sa m i a a t m ptt pr ven hi f om us ng r o a e nd a d s oot kl y' r n n te o e t m r i 1Fort pu pos sofevauai t r po ntsm otont dim is t cou tt sJ r n' f cua alegai a he r e l tng he es nde ' i o s s , he r ake o da s a t l l tons s tu a dl eal c n tu shspeiin.S eHu h sv Ro , 4 U.. , -0(98 ) re n i r l o sre i t o e g e . we 4 9 S 5 9 1 1 0 . b y t i.Afe brety i e ve ng,J da lf t i medit s nea s ton a be h l a e t tr i l nt r ni or n e t he m ae ce nd a nc oc t d e s whe e i t pr s ya d. Sur e la c e asr or d t s e i e s quenc ofe nt . l e r n he i on r v il nce am r ec de hi ntr e e ve s Appr m a ey t hour l t ,Ca lon,aprs ofi i l f oxi t l wo s aer rt ion tc a , ound J dan a pl ce hi i or nd a d m n a i sr tv de enton. dm ni t a i e t i The ne da afe r vi i t s v la e vi o,Ca lon pr pa e a i de r por xt y, t r e ew ng he ur eil nc de rt e r d n nci nt e t r ga di J da spa tcpa i n i t fght Ther por sa e t tCart ç e v I t e r ng or n' ri i to n he i . e t tt d ha lon l r ed nmae obs J da ...a hi rghtf ta pl ei onl t W ea e ')... r a uppe a e ,l vi or n tke s i oo nd ac t nmae klygs a m nd r r a ea ng l maeW e ke . . o a l t d fn hss l a ta tmeo t atr ai n' ( t Ex. . Th n t a ly . n t be o ee d i ef t h t i f he lec to . Pe. 1) e ' r por c r e J da wih t ofe e oft s a tng a pe s ' avi ai ofOf e e Code e t ha g d or n t he f ns s s uli ny r on,' ol ton a f ns 1 unde 28C. R.j5 .3.J da rcevedac oft srpor t tsmeda Prs 01 r F. 411 or n e i opy hi e tha a y. ion ofi i s saye di ci i r pr edi i t m a t runtlJ y 1 w he t U nie St t fc al t d s plna y oce ngs n he te i ul 4, n he t d a es Ator y' Ofi de ded i woul notptr ueapos i e c i i lpr ec i agans J da t ne s fce ci t d ls sbl rm na os uton i t or n. On J y 1 J r n ac ul 4, o da knowl sher c ve a t rc oft i i ntr por,but edge e ei d no he opy he nc de e t de est t ofii l eve gaveJ da t o runiy t ma asa e e r ga di t ni hat he fc a s r or n he ppo t t o ke tt m nt e r ng he t t o ke t t m nt t ha i , c r . H a J da bee gi n t o ha ges2 d or n n ve he pporuniy t m a a s a e e a t ttm e he sa e t t t t s ha he w oul ha r ie a e t f t a d ve e t r t d he ac s bove a c a m ed t the onl i e ve t e ur W e kl y nd l i ha y nt r ned o ns e a e ddn tsa Mil, ndt a h h d n itn t a s utet e W e ke o M il.( t! 6 7 1 . i o tb ls a h t e a o ne t o sa l ih r a ly r ls Pe. ! - , 6) OnJ y 1 t Uni DicplneCommite($ 'heda i talhe i ont matr ul 6,he t s i i te t UDC') l n nii arng he te. Att he rng, he U D C i or e J da t the had t r g t r a n s l , t ta he a i t nf m d or n ha he i ht o em i ient but ha ny s l nc co d po e i l be us d t d a a a r e i e e a ns hi . The UD C t n ga ie e ul t ntaly e o r w n dve s nf r nce gai t m he ve hi t oppor uniy t m ake a sat m e r ga di t c ge . J r n s m pl t d t U D C t t m he t t o t e nt e r ng he har s o da i y ol he ha hetdi no as a ta d d t s ul nyone. de a r gultonspr vi t twhe ac ge vi a i ofprs n ' 'Fe r l e a i o de ha n har d olton io r esi s rous a w a ul s e i nd nunt cons de a i ofm or t n m i s nc i ,t UD C s l r f rt s i r ton e ha nor a tons he ha l e e he 2Theprs ofk i scai t y di gi J dana opporuniyt m a asaem e r pondi t t c ge . ion t al l m he d ve or n t t o ke tt nt es ng o he har s c a g t aDicpl a yHe n Ofie (1 '.S e2 C. R. 5 .5 h .I J r a ' c s , h r e o si i r mi g fc r i n DHO' e 8 F. j 411 ( ) n o d n s ae ) t UD C f he ound t tt c r d vi a i pot taly w a r nt d m or t m i s nc i ns a ha he ha ge ol ton en i l r a e e han nor a to , nd r e r d t m a t rt a D H O . A spa tofhi r f r a , he U D C r c m ende t tt DH O ef r e he te o r s eerlt e om d ha he i mpos al sof41da ofgood c e os ys onduc tm e a welast l sofc mi s r prvieg f t i , s l he os om s a y i l es or 1 da . 80 ys Ata he rngbe or aDHO,a i ae i en ild t m a asa e e , e e ai f e n nm t s tte o ke t t m nt pr s nt d c me tr e d n e a dc l win s e t tsiyo h sb h l.28C. R. 5 .7 c .Th o u n ay vie c , n al t e s s o e tf n i e af F. j 411 () e i a e i a s e il t r nm t s l o ntted o eque tt ta s a fr pr e a i be a nt d t a s ha t f e es nt tve ppoi e o ppea o t i a e' r n he nm t s b haf 2 C. R. 5 .5 i.Beo et h a ig J r a ee tdt e rieh srg t oh v a e l. 8 F. j 411 () f r he e rn , o d n lce o xecs i ih t a e sa frpr s nttve a nt a r que t d t tt eewines e t tf a hi hea i J da t f e e e a i ppoi ed, nd e se ha hr t s s esiy t s rng. or n s e t d La e Col t Educa i Depa t e Supe vi ora U SP- ,t s ve ashi s a f el c e nc e, he ton rm nt r s t Lee o er s tf rpr s nttve.J da sDHO he rng t pl c on J y 27,201 Liut nantTed Tr es t e e e ai or n' a i ook a e ul 0. e e e , he Ale a e DH O a U SP- e,a t d a t D H O f t he rng. tm t t Le c e s he or he a i Tr esbe t hea i by a sng J d ofhi rgh s he a ke t r s ndt t e gan he rng dvii or an s i t .W n s d o e po o he c r esco aned i t i i ntr po t J da r ple tEve yt ng i tue.Iwake u t ha g nt i n he ncde e r, or n e i d:s r hi s r l d p o W ea e be us he ha a knie. lputm y f on hi ar ,w a i M il t br a a a I kl y ca e d f oot s m ntng ls o e k w y. wan' tyi t a s tanyone.'( p. 1 Ata h. PM V. J da c ende t thi s t r ng o saul ' Res Ex. , tc 2, ) or n ont d ha s a i di notl a W ea ey una e t de e hi s f a r ie a ed t thi onl i e w a t d ons d e ve kl bl o f nd m el, nd e t r t ha s y nt nt s o b e ku t efg ta dp e e tM i sfo b igs ro l ij rd.Astemaeil a t we en t r a p h ih n r v n l r m en eiusy n u e l h tra f cs r o i dipu e, or n ag ee t w a ve hi rghtt ha hi t ee w ines es a ar J r c ai s n s t J da r d o i s i o ve s hr t s ppe . o dan l m t the a ked Tr est r vi w t vi o s v il nc t pe oft i i ntpe s na l a t t ha s e o e e he de ur e la e a s he nc de r o ly, nd ha Tr esde i e clned.I t d, e alowed Col who ha viwedt t pes t t tf r a di t i nsea Tr es l e, d e he a , o esiy eg r ng her cont nta ag e t cr di hi t s i ony.J da sa est tCol st tm ony w asc it nt e nd r ed o e t s e tm or n t t ha e' es i ons s e wih t e nt c onil d i t i de r por,e ptt tCol not t tJ da di no t he ve s hr c e n he nci nt e t xce ha e ed ha or n d t i m ed a el l ve t s e a t rM il a W ea e l f . m i t y ea he c ne f e ls nd kl y e t Afe hea i t t si ony a r e ngt e de e, e f t t tJ r n ha not tr rng he e tm nd eviwi he vi nc Tr es o md ha o da d vi a e Code 1 asc r i t i de r t buti t a had vi aed Code224, olt d 01, ha ged n he nci nt epor, nse d ol t l sutn W i o tS ro slj r ' I a viga t sc n l i n Tr e c n iee te s a lig t u e iu nu y. n ni n thi o cuso , e s o sd r d h As h ' t tmony ofJ da a Col t i i ntr por, wela amemor esi or n nd e, he ncde e tas l s andum pr r d by epa e Li u e n E. l n des rbi t i i n .Tr sno e t ti wasunc e t d t tJ da ha e t na t Ale c i ng he nc de t ee t d ha t ont se ha or n d f e y c e t i t r ene i t a m e c lc be wee W ea ey a M il by pl ci hi f t r el hos n o n e v n he r d onfi t t n kl nd ls a ng s oo on W ea e pr ntng hi fom m ovi a t tt sa ton c tt e t t kly, eve i m r ng, nd ha hi c i onsiut d he û unwa ed nt t hi ofa he . ( s Ex.1 Ata h.2, r V. Tr sa ee wiht r tngofke ouc ng not r' Re p. ' , tc Pa t ) ee gr d t he epori t r t tt s a ton l f W ea ey t a e t de e hi s f a t tJ da ss a e e t thi onl ha hi c i e t kl m bl o f nd m el, nd ha or n' t t m nt ha s y i e i i i e v ni wa t hep M il br a fe l c c e biiy.Tr esalono e t t ntnton n nt r e ng s o l ls e k r e a ked r di lt e s t d ha J da sde son t l a t i e ae a e wiho r pori t i i ntt prs ofkil or n' cii o e ve he mm dit r a t ut e tng he ne de o ion f a s de ons r t d t tJ da w asa a e t thi a tons ha be n w r m t a e ha or n w r ha s c i d e ongf . Tr s f ul ee ound t tJ da ha or n ha pr e ed no e de t tw oul i c t t pr s ofi a sha t d es nt vi nce ha d ndi a e hat i on tci l d ç pie ' o c r e hi cons r d' t ha g m w ih t sof e e. t hi f ns A sa r ul oft s fndi ,Tr es s nc i es t he e i ngs e a toned J da by di a l i hi 27 da of or n s low ng m ys Go dCo d d Ti ,mp e 1 d y o ds iln r s g e ain(us e de f r9 d y ) a d o n u me i osd 5 a s f icp iay e r g to s p n d o 0 a s, n s pe d hi vi ii prviege f 1 da . I i posng t s s nc i ,Tr e e pha i e us nde s s tng i l s or 20 ys n m i he e a tons e s m sz d t ti a esw ho a t m ptt i e v ne i a as a ti r s t c nc t ta l r rdi t ba ha nm t te o nt r e n n s ul nc ea e he ha e ha a ge sur nce m a br a out a t e or t eae t s f t a s c iy ofbot i t a prs ofi il . y e k , nd her f e hr tn he a e y nd e urt h nma es nd ion fca s Tr esi s hi wr ten r por de a lng t s fndi on A ug t 1 201 a J dan r c i d e s ued s it e t t ii he e i ngs us 8, 0, nd or e e ve a c oft r por on Se e be 24, 0. J r n c le d t de i i t o h t opy he e t pt m r 201 o da ha l nge he c s on hr ug he a nitai pr edur a ia e t hi ,a e used t epot nta r medi prort dmi sr tve oc es val bl o m nd xha t hos e il e es i o brngi s t i ng ui. J r no br ngs 20 c a m st tpr s ofk i l vi a e hi due pr es rght i a o dan w i l i ha i on t a s ol t d s oc s i s n va i t ofwa durng t i i tga i oft i i nta t rco rey ys i her nvesi ton he ncde nd hei nduc durng J da sDHO t i or n' he rng.J da alo brngsa addii lcai unde RFRA ale ng t thei a obs r a ai or n s i n tona l m r l gi ha s n e v nt pr c ii rofJ s a wasc a ttone udaim nd ompe ld by hi r i ousvi wst a tt pr nta vi e le s elgi e o c o eve olnt ph i las a t a t tt prs n' dici i r pr e di ha s t i lybur ne hi ysca s ul, nd ha he io s s plna y oc e ngs ve ubsantal de d s a lt t pr tc hi r lgi i t sm a r biiy o ac i e s e i on n hi nne . I1 . J da spe ii r s snume ouscli st tprs ofi i sf ie t pr dehi wih or n' tton aie r am ha ion fcal al d o ovi m t t mi m um duepr s r quie by t Fit Ame e ti de i ng hi ofhi goodtm e he ni oce s e r d he fh ndm n n prvi m s i c e t. Fort r as s tf t bel t c r fndshi c am swihoutm e i a dimis s r dis he e ons e orh ow, he ou t i s li t rt nd s s e t m. he W he e a pr s di c plna y he rng m a r s ti t l sof g tm e c e t , r i on s i i r a i y e ul n he os ood i r dis due pr s r uie t ta i t r eve'i1 a ncewrte notceoft dicplnayc r s oce s eq rs ha n nmae ec i . ( ) dva û itn i he s i i r ha ge ; ( a o t t whenc itntwihi tt i s eya c r tona goas t cal 2) n pporuniy, onsse t nsiutonal aft nd oreci l l,o l win se a p e e t oc me tr e ie c i h sd fn e a d ( )awrte sae n b te t e s s nd r s n d u nay vd n e n i e e s ; n 3 i n ttme t y h t f c fnde oft e denc r le on a t r s nsf t di c plna y a ton. Supe i e nt a ti r he vi e e i d nd he ea o or he s i i r c i ' ' r nt nde . M a s Cor.l t,W al ev. l,472U. 445, ( 985)(ii W olfv.McDonnel, 8 s . r ns. pol Hil S. 454 1 ctng f l41 U. 539,563- ( 974).I or t compl wiht mi mum rquie sofpr e la d S. 67 1 ) n der o y t he ni e r ment oc dtrl ue pr e s t fndi ofaprs dicplna yboar m us bes oc s , he i ngs i on s i i r d t upporedby s m ee de i t t o vi nce n he rc r Hil4 2U. a 45 5 , n b ma eb a i m il dudc t r W of, 8U. a e od, l, 7 S. t 4- 5 a d e d y n mp a a j iao . lf 41 S. t 57071. The r or i c t s t tt pr s of i a spr de J da w ih a 1oft pr s he ec d ndi a e ha he i on fci l ovi d or n t 1 he oce s wa dueunde t Fit Am e e .J da r eved ac oft i de r por on J y 11 s r he fh ndm nt or n ec i opy he nci nt e t ul , de a lng t c r s a i thi . J r n r ce ve a t rc t ii he ha ge ga ns m o da e i d no he opy o J y 1 a di no ha hi n ul 4, nd d t ve s i ta he rng on t mate untlJ y 1 or n' DHO hea i di nott ke plceuntlJ y 27, niil a i he t r i ul 6.J da s rng d a a i ul m or t n t o wee a t rhe fr tr ce ve notce oft cha ges The D H O and ot rpr s e ha w ks f e is e i d i he r . he i on ofii snotte J da ofhi rghtt pr s ntevi nc a calwines e a hi he rng. W he fcal ii d or n s i o ee de e nd l t s s t s a i n i be n ecea t tneihe sde c ese t ba i f c soft ca e- t tJ dan i e ve d i t c m l r ha t r i ont t d he sc a t he s ha or nt r ne n t c r nt ton be w ee i a esM il a W ea e by pl c ng hi f ton W e kl y' a m i he onf o a i t n nm t ls nd kl y ai s oo a e s r n or rt pr ve W e kl y fom f t e de o e nt a e r urher ngagi M il - J da a ee t wai hi r g t c l ng ls or n gr d o ve s i ht o al hi wine s .The DHO t n m a hi tndi and is awrte r por e ani hi s t s es he de s i ngs s ued itn e t xpli ng s de i i t convi tJ r n oft as a tc r . J da r e ve a c oft s r por on c s on o c o da he s ul ha ge or n ec i d opy hi e t Se e r24, pt mbe 2010.Thus J da r eved a nce m i t notc an opporuniy t pr e , or n ec i dva d ten i e, t t o es nt e de e a ca lw ines e ,a a wrt e tndi f om t D HO notf ng hi oft e de e vi nc nd l t s s nd it n i ng r he iyi m he vi nc r le u n t c e i d po o onvi thi oft c r asr uie by t Due Pr e s Cl us c m he ha ge, eq r d he oc s a e. J da sc a m s r l i t t s f c e y oft evi nce r i upon t convi thi of or n' l i e atng o he uf i i nc he de eled o c m t m i a s ul cha ge mus alo f i. The DHO' fndi we eba e prma iy upon f c s he nor s a t r t s al s i ngs r s d i rl at t tne t rpa t cont t d,nnm e y t tJ r n i e v d i a fghtbe w ee t o ot r i a e ha ihe ry es e l ha o da nt r ene n i t nw he nm t s byplci hi f ton oneoft i aes or n i it t thedi notit ndt a s ul a ne a ng s oo he nm t .J da nsss ha d n e o s a t nyo , a t the onl w a e t pr ventW e kl y f om ha m i M il . H ow e r i i a om a i t t nd ha y nt d o e a e r r ng ls ve , t s xi tc ha J da s a tofpi ng W e kl y' a m durng W ea e sf g wih M il w oul have or n' c nni a e sr i kl y' i ht t ls d di nihe W ea e sa lt t de e hi eforot r s c i tghtng,a t ts h mi s d kly' biiy o f nd ms l he wie ontnue i i nd ha uc t uc ng wo d beunwa e fom W ea e spe s c i J dan' own t s i o hi ul nt d r kly' r pe tve. or s e tmony a t wha so t oc ure t r f epr ded a las t o ee de e'on whih t DHO coul r s na y ba e c r d he e or ovi t e t s m vi nc ' s c he d ea o bl s hi f ndi t tJ r n c m it d a Code 22 a s ul. s i ng ha o da om te 4 s a t3 J dan' cl i t tTr espr i d ove hi he r ng i a bi ed m n or s a m ha e es de r s ai n as nnera s l c m e i. l o a ks rt J r a alg sta v ro sp io o fcasa rn e t h v h sc s a j iae byTre , o o d n le e h t ai u rs n fiil ra g d o a e i a e dudc td e s wh c ns ie wi t e eofiil t c n itJ r a o tei si to a c a g si o d rt j siy o prd t h s fcas o o vc o d n f h n tt in l h r e n r e o u t h u f t a f rng J r n t anot rpe t nta y.H ow e r J da doesnotpr de a f ct lbas s r ns er i o da o he nie i r ve , or n ovi ny a ua i f t s c ai s a t cour f ndsno hi i Tr e 'DH O r por t te r m ot l s or he e l m , nd he ti t ng n e s e t ha ven e e y ugge t ss a i pr i y on hi pa t ny m opret s r. Fort e r a ons t c ttndsJ da ' duepr s cai s l c m e i a dim is s hes e s , he our i or n s oce s l m 4 a k rt nd s s e t . hem 1 11. J da ur est cour t va t t DHO' de i i be aus hecli prs of i l or n g he t o cae he s c son c e a ms ion fc as a s i r nge hi due pr s r ght by vi a i s r lf de alr gul tons t ts tf t t l o nf i d s oce s i s ol tng eve a e r e a i ha e orh he pr ed e g oc ur s over ng di ci i r i s i to a pr ee ngs Spec f c ly,J da ni s plna y nve tga i ns nd oc di . ii a l or n c lenge whe he prs ofi i l pr l a nt d Tr st hea t c e, whe he t e hal s t r ion fc a s opery ppoi e ee o r he as and t r hos ofi il f l tca s olowed t a opra epr edur sf notf ng J da oft i s i to a he ppr it oc e or iyi or n he nve tgai n nd pr vi ng hi w ih a co ofTr e ' e t The cou tfndst tbe us pr s of i i s o di m t py e s r por . r i ha ca e i on fc al pr vi d J r n wih t a1 oft pr s r quie unde Hila W olf hi a tona ca ms o de o da t he 1 he oce s e r d r l nd f , s ddii l li ba e on t s r ul tons m us be di m i s d. Furhe , ve i J da ha a d pr es rghtt sd he e eg a i t s se t r e n f or n d ue oc s i o 3J r n as cl m st tCode224 i i r s i y va a a id t hi , a hehadnonotc t thi a ton of o da lo ai ha s mpe misbl gue s pple o m s ie ha s c i plci hi f on W e e durng afghtwoul c tt t tu ntd t hi ' A prs r gulton i a ng s oot akly i i d onsiue tnwa e ouc ng.' ion e a i s i r si y va i i f ist û pprs a i t ofor na yi elge 't tapa tculra ti df bi n. mpe misbl gue f t al o < ie ny nma e a di r ntli nce'ha ri a c s tor dde ' ' Gatnv. vo, 4 F.d3 0, 4 (t Ci.1 91,e as UntdSae v Ch t n, 3 F. 5 7 5 9(t Ci. so Ta lr 9 6 2 4 3 2 4h r 9 ) se lo ie tts . ama 5 8 2d 6 , 6 4h r . 1 7 ( o i gt a c u t mus b a i mi dt ei nq e vr n n' i wh c p io r g lto a ed sg e t 9 6 n tn h t o rs t e r n n h t iue n io me t n ih rs n e u ains r e in d o u ' o eaewh ne au tn c aln e b sdo tev i frv g e e sd crn ) Th c ut idsta arao a e p rt e v laig h l g s ae n h od-o- a u n s o tie . e o rfn h t e sn bl e pes woul hav known t tt uns i t c a the ew a ' nw a e ' ron d e ha he olcied ontc r s ' ntd. u ' 4The ecam si l t enumbe e 19, 1 and 20 i J da spe ii s li ncude hos r d - 1, n or n' tton. t a tona pr e espr vi f byt Bur u ofPrs ,t c tfndst tprs he ddii l oc dur o ded or he ea ions he our i ha ion ofi i set rc tcal ihe ompled wih t s r ultonso t tt i f l et do s wa ha ml s e r ri i t he e eg a i r ha her aiur o o s r e s ro n J r n' ca e. A cc di y,t c tdi m i s s J da scl i s o da s s or ngl he our s s e or n' a m . ig ol a adici i r heai c tsj ong s s plnay rng omporswiht rquie nt ofW olf aprs t t he e r me s f, ion doe no vi at t D ue Pr s Cl us by f ii t f l isow n pr dur w hi h l ie s t ol e he oce s a e a lng o olow t oce es c r s a bove t foors tby t d pr es cl us '' Pa ke v.Co r 66 F. 335,1 W L he l e he ue oc s a e.' r r nne , 3d 995 536306,a *1( h Ci. pt 8,1 ( i W ake v.Sumne,1 F. 1 1 ( h Ci. t 9t r Se . 995) quotng l r r 4 3d 415, 419 9t r 1 ) s eas Col v. ilams 31 Fe App' 1 1 n. (d Ci.2009) Sae - z 994); e lo on W li on, 9 d. x 91, 93 3 3 r . , nzLope v. e uofPrs ,2000W L 1 Bura ions 039323, t*2(t Ci. ul 25, ) Roge sv. n,738F. a 7h r J y 2000 ; r Oki 2d 1 8( s Ci. 98 ) Eve i ap io o fca ' a to sce t ap tnild ep o e svo ain, , 1t r 1 4 . n f rs n fiils cin r ae o e ta u r c s ilto a ha a peii rne dst de be s ttone e o monsr t t thewa ha me by t vi a i i or rt obt i tae ha s r d he olton n de o an r l f Br wnv Brx o , 7 F.d5 , 0 ( t Ci. 0 ) ei . o . a t n 3 3 3 01 5 8 4h r 20 4 . e J da a guest tTr swasno USP- e' prm a y DHO a t s d ne rha or n r ha ee t Le s i r nd hus houl ve ve pr i do hi dicplnayheai andt thi a nt ntvi aed28C. R.j5 1 esde ver s si i r rng, ha s ppoi me olt F. 41.6. Thi rgultonpr de t t'gl t i tt i sDHO i nota et co the rngs t s e ai ovi s ha 'if he nsiuton' s bl o nduc ai ,he W a de s l a r ng f ano he D H O t c r n ha l r a e or t r o onduc t hea i . spe s m us bet a ne a t he rngs Thi r on t r i d nd c riîdasaDHO,a me tt ohe r rme t frDHO. 28C. R.j541.6() Hee etfe nd e he t r equie ns o ' ' F. 1 a . r, Tr eshass it d an unc e t a f da ti c tng t the m e t Bur u ofPr s s DH O e ubm te ont s ed f i vi ndi a i ha t he ea i on' ta ni a c tf c ton r quiem e s or i pora l J da hasnotpl i y s r i ng nd erii a i e r nt .M e m tnty, or n aus bl hown t t ha Tr es a t d i a bi ed m ar e w hie pr s di ove J da sdi ci i r pr e di i e ' ce n as m r l e i ng r or n' s plna y oc e ngs n voaino W of sr q ie n t t icpi r d cso sb ma eb a i a t l dudc tr ilt f lf e ur me tha d s il y e ii n e d y n mp ri a j iao . o na a Thus J da sa l a i n t tTr s di notm e tt m i m t n qualf c tons t s ta a DH O , or n' leg t o ha ee d e he ni u ii a i o i s r s no cons iutonalconcer ai es tt i ns. J da cli sprs ofi i svi ae t i ownpr e a r uie e si t o he or n am ion fcal ol td her oc dur l eq r m nt n wo t r ways Fis,healege prs ofii sfie t compl wih28C. R.j5411 b)2)whih . rt l s ion fcal ald o y t F. .4( ( , c pr dest ta i s i tng of i rs l de i ra c ofan i de r por t t i a e ovi ha n nve t ga i fce ha l lve opy nci nt e t o he nm t bei i si t d a t begi ngofa i tga i a whi tm et ofk e mus ' viet ng nve tgae t he nni n nvesi ton, t ch i he t r t ' s he ad i a e oft r g t r ai s l a al s a oft di c plna y pr s butt tt i at ' nm t he i ht o em n ient t 1 t ges he s i i r oce s ha he nm e s s l nc m a be us t dr w an a r e i e e e a ns t i a e a a s a oft ie e y ed o a dve s nf r nc gai t he nm t t ny t ge he i tt i ns iutonaldi c plna y pr e s ' W hie t prs n ofi i s m ai ai t t y ad s J da s i i r oc s .' l he i o fc al nt n hat he vied or n oft s rght w he t y delver d a c oft i i ntr por t hi on J y 1 201 J da he e i s n he i e opy he nc de e t o m ul 4, 0, or n de est tt di s Howe r J dan di r cevenotfcai n oft erght i wrtng a hi ni ha hey d o. ve , or d e i ii to hes i s n ii t s i talUD C he r ng on J y 1 and a t the rng J da sr cia i n oft eve si q s i nii ai ul 6, t ha a i or n' e t t o he nt n ue ton di notdif rma e i ly fom t ede c i d i t i i ntr por .Tr e tna DHO r por d fe t ral r hos s rbe n he nc de e t e s' i l e t doe nots s ugge tt thedr a a r ei e e efom J da salege sl nc on J y 1 s ha ew n dve s nf r nc r or n' l d ie e ul 4. Thus a pr edza eroron t pa toft prs ofi a swasha es a di notrs t t , ny oc tr l r he r he ion fcil nnl s nd d ie o he lve ofa a tona eduepr es cam.SeeBr 373F. a 508(i ngapotni due e l n ci bl oc s li own, 3d t fndi e tal pr es vi a i n ha e s when a habe pe ii rc d nota tc at how t pr edur l oc s ol to nnl s as ttone oul ri ul e he oc a vi ai i quesi ne tveyi tdhi . olton n ton gai l mpace m) Se nd,J da c ai st the di notr c ve a copy oft w rten DH O r por i a co or n l m ha d e ei he i t e tn tmeyma ra rquie by28C. R.j5 1 g) whih saest tprs n ofiil s ul i l nne s e r d F. 41.7( , c tt ha io fcas ho d ' di rl ' i t r por t t a f d e i a ew ihi t n da . H ow e r e n i a ' na iy'delver he e t o he f e d nm t t n e ys or ve , ve f prs rdoe no r eve aDHO r por wihi t pr c i d tmefa e t sde a doe not ione s t ec i e t t n he es rbe i r m , hi l y s p o ieab ssf rh b a r le s ln a ted lyha n p eu iil fe to teimaes r vd a i o a e s eif o o g s h ea s o rj d ca e fc n h n t' a nitaea l Cookv.W ade 241Fe App' 828,829( Ci. dmi srt ppea. r n, d. x 3d r 2007) Her,Tres . e e i s hi r por on A ugus 18,201 a J da di notr e ve i untlSe e ber24,2010. s ued s e t t 0, nd or n d ec i t i pt m J r a d e n t li t t h sd lyh d a yp eu iilefc o h sa mi itaiea pe la d o d n o s o cam ha t i ea a n rj d ca fe t n i d nsrtv p a, n t r f e t c tm us di m i st s c ai asw e l he e or he our t s s hi l m l. Fort r a ons s a e a he e s t t d bove t c t e J r n' c a m sr a i t t alege , he our deni s o da s l i el tng o he l d vi a i off de alpr dur r ul tons 5 ol tons e r oce al eg a i . lV . J d spe ii n a l gest t as a ' bs r an pr c ii r ofJ i m 'he i ' m pe l d or an' tt o le ha , n ' e v t a ttone o uda s ' s ' co le t pr ntvi e phys c as a t ... he e opporuniy a i es a he i i a poston t do s ' o eve ol nt i al s ul w r t t r s nd sn ii o o, ' ( t a 1 )a dt a p io o fcas d cso t ds iln hm f rh sitr e to i tefg t Pe. t 8 n h t rs n fiil' e iin o icp ie i o i n e v nin n h ih be w e n W e kl a M il c tt e a i pe m i sbl bur n on t exe ci e ofhi r lgi t e a ey nd ls ons iut d n m r s i e de he r s s e i on i vi ai n ofRFRA .6 RFRA pr dest tt ' n ol to ovi ha he ' Gove n e s lnots t nta l bur en a r m nt hal ubsa ily d pe s se r i e ofr i on e n i t bur n r uls f o a r e ofge r la i a lt ' 42 r on' xe c s elgi ve f he de es t r m ul ne a pplc biiy, ' U. C. 2 0 b - () u e si d mo tae ta,h b r e $ 1 i i frh r n eo a S. j 0 0 b 1a, nls t e nsrt s h tt e u d n i ) s n u te a c f ( c ompeli g lng ovemme ali ees;a ( i t las rsrci mea off t rngt t nt ntr t nd 2) s he e t etitve ns urhe i ha c ompeli go r menali ees.'I j2000bb- ( .Eve i t Bur a ofPrs ns lng ve n t ntr t' d. 1b) n f he e u io ' r ul tonss t nta l bm dene t e c s ofJ da s r lgi be i f ,t gove n e t eg a i ubs a i ly d he xer i e or n' e i ous le s he rm n cl a l ha a c pe lng i e es i pr ntng fghtng i pr s a is r espr ve i a e r y s om li nt r t n eve i i i n i on, nd t ul e ntng n imaefo j i n i a o g i mee , v ni teimaed e s wiht eitn ino n t rm onig n n n ong le e e f h n t o s o t h ne to f soppi t t g ,a e t l as r s rc i m e ofa om pls ng t s i e es . A cc di y,t t ng he i ht r he e t e t i tve ans cc i hi hi nt r t or ngl he c tdi m i s s J da s RFRA c a m . our s s e or n' li V. 5Fort r a onsdicus e i Pa tl,t c tas deni J dan' cai st tprs ofi asvi aedf r he e s s s d n r l he our lo es or s l m ha ion fcil olt edeal rg ain b rfsn t al hm t p ee twi e ss( am l ) fin t po iehm wi a i at l e ulto s y eu ig o l i o rsn t se Cli 5,al g o rvd i t n mp ri ow n i h a 6 iinmae Cli 6,n y h dcso - kr( am 1)adb teDHO'fi r t aeu tl sp ot ifn n ( ams1-7 1) e sal eo d qaey u p rhs idigsCli 61 ,9. u W hiet Supr m eCour hel t tRFI. w a unc tt l lasa i t sa egove n ent a a isi l he e t d ha I A s onsiutona ppled o tt r m s nd gence n Civo Boen v Flrs 5 U. 5 ( 9 7, RA c niu st g v r tea tvte of e ea otc r a d t f re . o e, 21 S. 07 1 9 )RF o t e o o en h ciiis fd r l f es n n i a e ce .Ma s nv Ri r 3 5F.d31 , 5(t Ci. 0 3 . g n is dio . t . 5 3 0 3l 4h r2 0 ) e 1 0 J da ha m ove t s ppl e t r or wih c e ofe ais s ntby Tr st t or n s d o u em nt he ec d t opi s m l e ee ha J da be i ve s or n le s uppo thi c a m t tTr e vi a ed hi due pr es rght by e bii bi s r s l i ha e s ol t s oc s i s xhi tng a a ns hi i m a ng hi nzi Thes e a l c i tofa r gai t m n ki s lng. e m is ons s eque tt o he prs ofi i l f r s o t r i on tc a s o clrfc ton r ga di t c e oft s vela vi o t tca ur d t i de a i s , a ii a i e r ng he ont nt he ur ilnce de ha pt e he nci nt t s ue a an e ry d af ofTr es f na D H O r por . The c thasr vi w e t s addii lm a e i l , nd al r t e 'i l e t our e e d he e tona t r a s and fndsnot ng t i ca e Tr sw asno a i pa ta de s on- a r Fi s ofa l a D HO ' i hi o ndi t ee t n m r i l ci i m ke . r t l, s de i i nott r vi s ve la e vi o hi s fdoe no c tt e a due pr es vi a i c s on o e ew ur il nc de m el s t ons iut oc s ol ton. Ne l . seln , 29Fe Ap x 1 3 1 5( t Ci. 0 ) Fu te , ohigi t d a t a v Ca trie 1 d. p' 1 , 1 5h r 2 05 . rh r n t n n he rf ve son oft DHO r por i caest tTr e ha df s e de e c e ed t s ri he e t ndi t ha e s d çale vi nc r at o uppor t fndi the i ng a c ci 'orfie t ot wiea ta a i ri fc tnde.( trsM ott nd onviton, ald o her s c s n mpatal a t i r Pe'' ' .o Su plme ta 34. Th p i r dfe e c bewe nt d a t n tefn l e so a p ast b p e n t - ) e rma y if rn e t e he rf a d h ia v rin p e r o e t t i t e r y ver i Tr ess a est tJ r n m a notha w ine s d t be nni oft ha , n he a l s on, e t t ha o da y ve t s e he gi ng he c r a i be we n M il and W ea e whiei t fna ve son Tr esdoesnots ult on onfontton t e ls kly, l n he i l r i e pec a e whehe J da s w who sa td t fg . I bo h ve sons howe r Tr esconcudest t t r or n a tre he i ht n t r i , ve , e l ha J da sac ed i pe m i sbl r gar es ofhow t fghtbe n. The fna ve s on doe no or n' t m r s i y e dl s he i ga i l ri s t pur tt r l on a û w l c ea e 'e de e orc r di t dr f ve s o i a m a e i l por o e y ny s y- r t d' vi nc ne ont a ct he a t r i n n ny t r a w a Thus t c tf ndst tJ da s pr pos s em e a evi nc f ist c e t a f t l y. , he our i ha or n' o ed uppl nt l de e a l o r a e ac ua i s a t w he he Tr s vi a e J r n' d pr es r ght s ue s o t r ee ol t d o da s ue oc s i s. VI. J da hasm o d t t a f rt sc e t t U . D i t i tCo tf t M i e D i t i tof or n ve o r ns e hi as o he S. sr c ur or he ddl s rc Pems la i, r ungt a t sc u t yn lng rha ej rs cint he rt c s b c u e r yv n a ag i h t hi o r ma o o e v u idito o a he a e e a s J da hasbee t a f r d f om U SP- t a he pe t nta y i t tdi t i t How e r or n n r ns er e r Lee o not r nie i r n ha sr c . ve , be a e J r n w a i r er t d w ihi t sdi ti ta t tm e he t l hi pe ii n, he co t c us o da s nca c a e t n hi sr c t he i i ed s tto t ur rti jl s ito t rviw h sp t in.S eUntdS ae v. b r 9 5F.d7 , 8(t Ci. eans t id ci n o e e i ei o e ie tts Ga o , 0 2 6 7 5h r r t 1 9 )(Toe tranaj2 41ha e speiin,h dsrc c u t s, po te ig o h 9 0 ( n eti : 2 b a t o t e itit o r mu t u n h fln fte t peio h v j rs ito o e t ep io e o h sc so in. (mp a i a d d l For se v tt n, a e u idcin v r h rs n r r i u t da ' e h ss d e l; retr . i ' di y, he e da s Ga rcht 2002W L 32862999, * ( D. 2002) A ccor ngl t courtdeni sJor n' ra v, at 3 E. Va. . m oton t ta f r i o r ns e . Vl l. Fort r as sa e a he e ons t t d bove, hec tdim is J da shabe pe ii and de eshi t our s s es or n' as tton ni s m oton t tans er i or f . EN TER : une l5,2011 J . Z ' I Z'UN TED STA TES D I STRI J GE CT UD aZ

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