Northern Valley Communications, LLC v. MCI Communications Services, Inc., No. 1:2007cv01016 - Document 136 (D.S.D. 2009)
Court Description: ORDER granting in part and denying in part 95 Motion to Dismiss. Signed by Chief Judge Karen E. Schreier on 3/19/2009. (KC)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
Northern Valley Communications, LLC v. MCI Communications Services, Inc. Doc. 136 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF SOUTH DAKOTA NORTHERN DIVISION NORTHERN VALLEY COMMUNICATIONS, LLC, a South Dakota limited liability company, ) CIV. 07-1016 ) ) ) Plaintiff, ) ORDER GRANTING IN PART ) AND DENYING IN PART vs. ) DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO ) DISMISS COUNTERCLAIM MCI COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, ) DEFENDANT’S INC., d/b/a Verizon Business Services, ) COUNTERCLAIMS a Delaware corporation, ) ) Defendant, ) ) GLOBAL CONFERENCE PARTNERS, ) LLC, d/b/a Quality Conferencecall.com, ) ) Counterclaim Defendant. ) ) SANCOM, INC., a South Dakota corporation, Plaintiff, vs. MCI COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, INC., d/b/a Verizon Business Services, a Delaware corporation, Defendant. FREECONFERENCING CORP., a Nevada Corporation, and CITRIX ONLINE LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company, ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CIV. 07-4106 Counterclaim Defendants. Dockets.Justia.com Plaintiffs Northern Valley Communications, LLC (Northern Valley) and Sancom, Inc. each brought suit against MCI Communications Services, Inc., d/b/a Verizon Business Services (Verizon), seeking to obtain payment for services they allegedly provided to Verizon. Verizon filed a thirteen-count counterclaim against plaintiffs and also against Global Conference Partners, LLC (GCP), Free Conferencing Corp., and Citrix Online LLC. GCP, in turn, filed a five-count counterclaim against Verizon. Verizon moves to dismiss GCP’s counterclaims. GCP opposes the motion. BACKGROUND Viewed in the light most favorable to GCP, the nonmoving party, and as is relevant to this order, the facts are as follows: Northern Valley is a South Dakota local exchange company that provides telecommunication services to its customers and originating and terminating access services to long-distance companies.1 Verizon is a long-distance carrier that has utilized the originating and terminating services provided by Northern Valley since 2000. 1 By way of background, there are two types of telecommunications providers, local exchange carriers and interexchange carriers. Local exchange carriers provide the service and own the hardware that connects to individual customers in their local areas. By contrast, interexchange carriers, commonly known as long-distance carriers, own the hardware that connects different local carriers. When an individual makes a long-distance telephone call, the call is originated on wires and facilities owned by the local exchange carrier serving the individual making the call and the call is terminated over wires and facilities owned by the local exchange carrier serving the individual receiving the call. Long-distance carriers pay “originating” and “terminating” access charges to the local exchange carriers that serve individuals who initiate and receive long distance calls, respectively. The rates charged for access service are determined by the published tariff rate, which is filed with and reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). 2 GCP is a small business that provides teleconferencing services to its customers. GCP offers standard conference calling services for free and premium services for a fee. GCP maintains a long-term relationship with Northern Valley. Pursuant to this relationship, customers using GCP’s free standard conference calling services are given a telephone number to dial. They use their own long-distance carriers to call the number, which connects them to a conference call bridge located on the Northern Valley network. Conference call participants are connected to each other at and by the bridge. Northern Valley then charges the long-distance carrier that transmitted the call to the bridge the normal terminating access fee. Northern Valley pays GCP a marketing fee based on the amount of conference call traffic generated by its teleconferencing services. At some point, Verizon became aware of GCP’s relationship with Northern Valley, that GCP’s teleconferencing services were competing with Verizon’s conferencing services, and that some of Verizon’s long-distance customers were using the long-distance services provided by Verizon to place calls to GCP’s conference call bridge in order to use GCP’s teleconferencing services. Then, GCP alleges, Verizon began engaging in acts of illegal self-help with the intent of harming both GCP and Northern Valley. Specifically, GCP alleges that Verizon refused to pay Northern Valley some or all of the access charges associated with calls to GCP’s conference call bridge while not refusing to pay other local exchange carriers access charges associated with calls to GCP bridges located on other networks. As a result, GCP alleges, Verizon is 3 indebted to Northern Valley, and Verizon knew that by failing to pay Northern Valley, GCP would, in turn, suffer damage from lost revenues. Northern Valley filed suit against Verizon seeking to collect unpaid access charges. Verizon then asserted counterclaims against Northern Valley and GCP, alleging that they participated in an unlawful scheme to increase traffic and access charges billed to Verizon. GCP counterclaimed against Verizon, alleging that Verizon tortiously interfered with GCP’s business relations with Northern Valley, engaged in unjust or unreasonable practices in violation of § 201(b) of the Communications Act, and engaged in unreasonable discrimination in violation of § 202(a) of the Communications Act. GCP seeks monetary, injunctive, and declaratory relief on its counterclaims. Verizon moves to dismiss all of GCP’s counterclaims. STANDARD In considering a motion to dismiss a counterclaim, whether on the ground of lack of subject matter jurisdiction or for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the court assumes all facts alleged in the counterclaim are true and construes the counterclaim liberally in the light most favorable to the claimant. Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236, 94 S. Ct. 1683, 1686, 40 L. Ed. 2d 90 (1974), overruled on other grounds by Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183, 191, 104 S. Ct. 3012, 3017, 82 L. Ed. 2d 139 (1984). The court should dismiss only if “it appears beyond a doubt that the [claimant] can prove no set of facts which would entitle the [claimant] to relief.” Coleman v. Watt, 40 F.3d 255, 258 (8th Cir. 1994). “The issue is not whether a claimant will ultimately prevail but whether the claimant is entitled to offer evidence to 4 support the claims. Indeed it may appear on the face of the pleadings that a recovery is very remote and unlikely but that is not the test.” Scheuer, 416 U.S. at 236. DISCUSSION I. Rule 12(b)(6)–Failure to State a Claim Verizon argues that GCP has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted with respect to its tortious interference with business relations claim. To prove a claim for tortious interference, GCP must show: (1) the existence of a valid business relationship or expectancy between GCP and Northern Valley; (2) knowledge by Verizon of the relationship or expectancy; (3) an intentional unjustified act of interference on the part of Verizon; (4) proof that the interference caused the harm sustained; and (5) damages. See St. Onge Livestock Co. v. Curtis, 650 N.W.2d 537, 541 (S.D. 2002). Verizon admits that GCP has alleged (1) the existence of a valid business relationship between GCP and Northern Valley, (2) Verizon’s knowledge of this relationship, and (3) an intentional unjustified act of interference by Verizon. Verizon argues, however, that GCP has failed to allege a causal link and damages. Upon review of GCP’s counterclaims, the court finds that GCP has satisfied the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2). “[Rule] 8(a)(2) requires only ‘a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.’ Specific facts are not necessary; the statement need only ‘give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’ ” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 127 S. Ct. 2197, 2200, 167 L. Ed. 2d 1081 (2007) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2); Bell 5 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1964, 167 L. Ed. 2d 929 (2007)). GCP’s allegations give Verizon notice that GCP claims that Verizon engaged in acts of illegal self-help that caused harm to GCP. GCP alleges that Verizon engaged in these acts because it was “opposed to the relationship between Northern Valley and GCP, as well as opposed to the competition with its services [posed by GCP].” Counterclaim Defendant GCP’s Answer to Verizon’s Counterclaims, Counterclaims and Jury Demand (GCP’s Counterclaims), Docket 86 ¶ 35. GCP further alleges that Verizon acted with “the intent of harming both GCP and Northern Valley.” GCP’s Counterclaims ¶ 36. For example, GCP alleges that Verizon refused to pay Northern Valley for the terminating access charges associated with calls made to the GCP conference call bridge located on Northern Valley’s network. GCP’s Counterclaims ¶¶ 37, 38b, 38d. And, GCP alleges, “[b]y failing to pay Northern Valley, Verizon knew that GCP would, in turn, suffer damage from the lost revenues.” GCP’s Counterclaims ¶ 40. GCP further alleges that “Verizon took calculated steps to unjustly, intentionally and maliciously interfere with the business relationship between GCP and Northern Valley, with the intent of destroying the parties’ business relationship by, including but not limited to, putting both GCP and Northern Valley out of business by refusing to pay Northern Valley for its billed services.” GCP’s Counterclaims ¶ 45. The court finds that the allegations in GCP’s counterclaims are sufficient to give Verizon fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it rests. GCP’s claim against Verizon is that Verizon damaged its 6 business relationship with Northern Valley by refusing to pay the terminating access fees associated with calls to GCP’s conference call bridge, which caused GCP to suffer lost revenues. Verizon argues that GCP fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted because GCP did not specifically plead that Northern Valley actually failed to pay GCP the marketing fees that GCP was owed. But specific facts are not necessary under Rule 8(a)(2), and GCP is entitled to all reasonable inferences from the allegations in its counterclaims. Erickson, 127 S. Ct. at 2200; Crumpley-Patterson v. Trinity Lutheran Hosp., 388 F.3d 588, 590 (8th Cir. 2004). Thus, at this stage, GCP is entitled to the reasonable inference that Verizon’s refusal to pay Northern Valley the terminating access charges associated with calls to GCP’s conference call bridge caused loss of revenue to GCP as well as to Northern Valley.2 GCP has sufficiently alleged facts to support both the harm and causation elements of tortious interference, so Verizon’s motion to dismiss this claim is denied. II. Rule 12(b)(1)–Standing Verizon also claims that GCP lacks standing to brings its counterclaims under §§ 201(b) and 202(a) of the Communications Act as well as its claims for injunctive and declaratory relief. “Article III, § 2, of the Constitution restricts the federal ‘judicial Power’ to the resolution of ‘Cases’ and ‘Controversies.’ That case-or-controversy requirement is satisfied only where a [claimant] has 2 The reasonableness of this inference is bolstered by GCP’s allegations supporting its Communications Act counterclaims. Under both Count II and Count III, GCP alleges that it is entitled to “damages in the amount of money that has been withheld from it as a result of Verizon’s failure to pay Northern Valley.” GCP’s Counterclaims ¶¶ 52, 59. In these paragraphs, GCP clearly alleges that it has incurred monetary damages as a result of Verizon’s conduct. 7 standing.” Sprint Comm. Co. v. APCC Servs., Inc., 128 S. Ct. 2531, 2535, 171 L. Ed. 2d 424 (2008). “Standing includes both a constitutional and a prudential component.” Jewell v. United States, 548 F.3d 1168, 1172 (8th Cir. 2008). The “irreducible constitutional minimum of standing” consists of three elements: “[f]irst, a party must have suffered an ‘injury in fact,’ an actual or imminent concrete and particularized invasion to a legally protected interest; second, the injury must be fairly traceable to the challenged action of the defendant; and third, the injury must be redressable by a favorable decision.” Id. (quoting Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560, 112 S. Ct. 2130, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351 (1992)). “Even if a [claimant] meets the minimal constitutional requirements for standing, there are prudential limits on a court’s exercise of jurisdiction.” Id. One of these limits is the rule that a person ordinarily does not have standing to assert the legal claims of third parties (the third-party standing rule). Sprint Comm., 128 S. Ct. at 2544. Another limit is the rule that the claimant must be intended to be included as a claimant under the statute conferring the cause of action. See Davis v. U.S. Bancorp, 383 F.3d 761, 767 (8th Cir. 2004). The party invoking federal jurisdiction bears the burden of establishing that it has standing. Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561. “At the pleading stage, general factual allegations of injury resulting from the defendant’s conduct may suffice, for on a motion to dismiss we presume that general allegations embrace those specific facts that are necessary to support the claim.” Stalley v. Catholic Health Initiatives, 509 F.3d 517, 521 (8th Cir. 2007). The court must examine the allegations in the counterclaim “to ascertain whether the particular plaintiff 8 is entitled to an adjudication of the particular claims asserted.” Pucket v. Hot Springs Sch. Dist. No. 23-2, 526 F.3d 1151, 1157 (8th Cir. 2008). A. Article III Standing Construing the counterclaims in the light most favorable to GCP, the court finds that GCP has alleged sufficient facts to satisfy the constitutional requirements for standing on all of its counterclaims. As discussed above, GCP has alleged that it suffered an injury in fact, namely, lost revenues due to Verizon’s failure to pay Northern Valley the terminating access charges associated with calls to GCP’s conference call bridge. This injury is actual, concrete, and particularized.3 GCP has also alleged that its injury is caused by Verizon’s actions. And, GCP’s injury would be redressed by a decision in its favor. GCP seeks damages in the amount of money that has been withheld from it as a result of Verizon’s failure to pay Northern Valley as well as injunctive and declaratory relief. GCP’s Counterclaims ¶¶ 52, 59, 66, 76. The 3 Verizon relies on an unpublished opinion from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California to support its argument that GCP lacks Article III standing because it has failed to allege an injury in fact. In Utility Consumers’ Action Network v. Sprint Solutions, Inc. (UCAN), No. C07-CV-2231-W (RJB), 2008 WL 1787125 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 15, 2008), the court found that a non-profit public interest advocacy organization lacked standing to challenge the conduct of a telephone company because it failed to allege an injury in fact. There, the allegedly unlawful charges were made on bills between the telephone company and its customers, and the organization’s only damages were resources it chose to expend to investigate the telephone company’s conduct on behalf of its members. UCAN is distinguishable from the present case. There, the telephone company’s actions only harmed its customers, not the advocacy organization directly. Here, GCP alleges that Verizon’s conduct affected it directly; GCP allegedly sustained lost revenue as a result of Verizon’s conduct. Thus, UCAN does not persuade the court that GCP has failed to allege an injury in fact. 9 remedies GCP seeks would redress the loss of revenue it allegedly sustained as a result of Verizon’s actions. Because all three elements are satisfied, GCP has met the minimal constitutional requirements for standing. See Sprint Comm., 128 S. Ct. at 2544. B. Prudential Standing The standing inquiry is not over, however, as GCP still must satisfy the prudential limits on the court’s subject matter jurisdiction. See id. Verizon argues that GCP lacks prudential standing on its counterclaims because it seeks to assert the legal rights of Northern Valley, in contravention of the thirdparty standing rule. The court finds that the prudential standing doctrine that requires a claimant to be within the “zone of interests to be protected or regulated by the statute . . . in question,” see Davis, 383 F.3d at 767, is also relevant and will consider it as well. 1. Damages for Violations of Communications Act GCP satisfies the prudential standing rules with respect to its claim for damages under the Communications Act. In Counts II and III of its counterclaims, GCP alleges that Verizon violated §§ 201(b) and 202(a) of the Communications Act and seeks damages in the amount of money that has been withheld from it as a result of Verizon’s failure to pay Northern Valley. GCP’s Counterclaims ¶¶ 52, 59. GCP plainly falls within the zone of interests intended to be protected by the relevant statute on these claims. The relevant statute is the Communications Act, and GCP’s claims for damages are brought under §§ 206 and 207. Section 206 sets out the liability of a common carrier for violation of the Act to the “person or persons injured 10 thereby for the full amount of damages sustained in the consequence of any such violation.” 47 U.S.C. § 206. Section 207 confers a cause of action upon the person or persons injured. “Section 207 says that ‘[a]ny person claiming to be damaged by any common carrier . . . may bring suit’ against the carrier ‘in any district court of the United States’ for ‘recovery of the damages for which such common carrier may be liable under the provisions of this chapter.’ ” Global Crossing Telecomm., Inc. v. Metrophones Telecomm., Inc., 550 U.S. 45, 52, 127 S. Ct. 1513, 167 L. Ed. 2d (2007) (quoting 47 U.S.C. § 207) (emphasis in original). It is well established that these sections confer a private right to bring an action to recover damages for injuries sustained by a violation of §§ 201(b) and 202(a). Id. at 53 (§ 201(b)); Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, L.L.P. v. Bell Atlantic Corp., 305 F.3d 89, 98 (2d Cir. 2002), rev’d on other grounds sub nom. Verizon Comm., Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP, 540 U.S. 398, 124 S. Ct. 872, 157 L. Ed. 2d 823 (2004) (§ 202(a)). GCP is clearly intended to be included as a claimant under the Communications Act with respect to its claim for damages. GCP claims that it was injured by Verizon’s alleged violations of the Act, and Verizon does not argue that GCP failed to allege that Verizon’s conduct violated § 201(b)’s prohibition on unjust or unreasonable practices or § 202(a)’s prohibition on unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges, practices, classifications, regulations, facilities, or services. Verizon does argue that GCP did not sustain any injuries, but as discussed in Section I, the court finds that GCP has sufficiently alleged that it suffered lost revenue as a result of Verizon’s conduct. GCP’s claim for damages for these violations falls within the purpose of §§ 206 11 and 207. As the Supreme Court explained, “[t]he history of [§§ 206 and 207]—including that of their predecessors, §§ 8 and 9 of the Interstate Commerce Act—simply reinforces the language, making clear that the purpose of § 207 is to allow persons injured by § 201(b) violations to bring federal-court damages actions.” Global Crossing, 550 U.S. at 53 (emphasis added). As an entity that contends that it was injured by violations of §§ 201(b) and 202(a), GCP plainly meets the requirements for having a cause of action under the Communications Act. See Trinko, 305 F.3d at 99 (finding that customers that alleged they were injured by a violation of the Communications Act because they received poor local phone service plainly met the requirements for having an action under §§ 206 and 207). That GCP meets the requirements for having a cause of action under the Communications Act undermines Verizon’s argument that GCP’s claims rest on the legal rights of Northern Valley. Because GCP has a cause of action, it “is asserting its own rights.” Id. GCP has standing to assert its claims for damages in Counts II and III of its counterclaims. 2. Injunctive Relief In Count IV of its counterclaims, GCP also seeks injunctive relief asking the court to enjoin Verizon from refusing to pay for Northern Valley’s billed services. To the extent this claim is derivative of the Communications Act claims, the court finds that GCP has not met the prudential requirement under §§ 206 and 207 because these sections do not provide for a private right to seek injunctive relief. In Conboy v. AT & T Corp., 241 F.3d 242, 256 (2d Cir. 2001), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that a 12 private party lacks standing under §§ 206 and 207 to request injunctive relief for violation of the Communications Act.4 The Second Circuit acknowledged that federal courts generally have inherent power to grant injunctive relief, but stated that this power can be limited by statute. Id. at 254. Considering the Communications Act as a whole, the Second Circuit concluded that Congress has “spoken clearly” of its “intent to interfere with the historic equitable powers of the courts.” Id. (internal quotation and citation omitted). “Congress restricts a court’s equitable power when a statute limits that power ‘in so many words, or by a necessary and inescapable inference.’ ” Id. (quoting Porter v. Warner Holding Co., 328 U.S. 395, 398, 66 S. Ct. 1086, 90 L. Ed. 1332 (1946)). The Second Circuit found that the Communications Act “creates such an inference with respect to private parties seeking injunctive relief for violation of the Act.” Id. Indeed, Congress established a comprehensive scheme of remedies for violations of the common carrier provisions of the Act, a scheme that does not include a general right to seek private injunctive relief. See id. Sections 401(a) and 401(b) of the Telecommunications Act (enacted in 1996 as 4 In Conboy, the Second Circuit considered whether a private party had standing to pursue injunctive relief for violations of § 222(c) of the Communications Act. 241 F.3d at 256. Admittedly, § 222(c) concerns different conduct than §§ 201(b) and 202(a), but the Second Circuit’s reasoning regarding the availability of injunctive relief still applies. As the Second Circuit explained in another case, “the plaintiff’s right to sue does not stem from § 202(a). It originates from §§ 206 and 207, which make parties who violate the Communications Act liable to the parties they injure through such violations.” Trinko, 305 F.3d at 99. Sections 206 and 207 confer the cause of action for the violations at issue in Conboy as well as the violations alleged by GCP. As a result, the Second Circuit’s reasoning regarding the remedies available under these sections applies with equal weight in this case. 13 an amendment to the Communications Act) permit federal courts to grant injunctive relief, but only upon application of the Attorney General of the United States at the request of the FCC, or to enforce certain orders of the FCC.5 47 U.S.C. § 401(a)-(b). Also part of this remedial scheme are §§ 206 and 207, which permit a private party to seek damages only. See 47 U.S.C. §§ 206, 207. The fact that the Communications Act is not silent as to the remedies available for violation of its provisions suggests that Congress did not intend the full range of remedies, specifically equitable relief, to be available. Cf. Franklin v. Gwinnett County Pub. Sch., 503 U.S. 60, 68, 112 S. Ct. 1028, 117 L. Ed. 2d 208 (1992) (“[A]ll appropriate relief is available in an action brought to vindicate a federal right when Congress has given no indication of its purpose with respect to remedies.”). Additionally, Congress provided for private injunctive relief for violations of other provisions of the Act. Conboy, 241 F.3d at 255 (citing 47 U.S.C. § 406 (providing for private injunctive relief where party is prevented from receiving service by wire or radio); 47 U.S.C. § 274(e)(2) (providing for private injunctive relief where a Bell operating company violates the electronic publishing restrictions of § 274)). As the Second Circuit suggested, these provisions imply that Congress knew how to confer a right of action for private injunctive relief, and if it had intended to do so for violations of the common carrier provisions, 5 Sections 401(a) and (b) of the Telecommunications Act do not provide a cause of action for GCP to seek injunctive relief under the facts of this case. There has been no application of the Attorney General at the request of the FCC to this court, and GCP does not seek to enforce an FCC order. Thus, GCP is not intended to be included as a claimant under these provisions. 14 it would have. Cf. Bryan v. Itasca County, Minn., 426 U.S. 373, 389-90, 96 S. Ct. 2102, 48 L. Ed. 2d 710 (1976) (reasoning that other acts passed by the same Congress showed that Congress knew how to, and would, directly express its intent to confer general regulatory powers to the states). The existence of a comprehensive remedial scheme for violations of the common carrier provisions of the Communications Act, the absence of any provision mentioning a general right to seek private injunctive relief for violation of these provisions, and the express inclusion of private injunctive relief for violations of unrelated sections of the Act leads “necessar[ily]” and “inescapabl[y]” to the conclusion that “Congress did not intend to permit private parties to seek [private injunctive] relief for a violation of [the relevant sections].” Conboy, 241 F.3d at 255. The court finds the reasoning of the Second Circuit persuasive and adopts it here. Thus, GCP does not have standing to request injunctive relief under the Communications Act for violations of §§ 201(b) and 202(a) because it was not intended to be included as a claimant under §§ 206 and 207. Even if the Communications Act gave GCP a cause of action for injunctive relief, GCP would lack standing to pursue this relief under the thirdparty standing rule. GCP asks the court to enjoin Verizon from refusing to pay for Northern Valley’s billed services. GCP’s Counterclaims ¶ 66. The relief GCP seeks concerns Northern Valley’s right to collect payment from Verizon. Although this injunction would remedy GCP’s alleged damages, which are allegedly caused by Verizon’s failure to pay Northern Valley, GCP does not have standing to seek an injunction to enforce Northern Valley’s rights in order to 15 remedy GCP’s own injuries. The third-party standing rule “normally bars litigants from asserting the rights or legal interests of others in order to obtain relief from injury to themselves.” Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 499, 95 S. Ct. 2197, 45 L. Ed. 2d 343 (1975). None of the narrow exceptions to this rule apply.6 As a result, GCP does not have standing to bring its claim for injunctive relief. 3. Declaratory Judgment Finally, in Count V, GCP seeks declaratory relief, requesting the court to enter a declaration against Verizon declaring that Verizon is required to pay the currently unpaid invoices submitted by Northern Valley for Switched Access Service; that Verizon is required to pay Northern Valley tariffed terminating switched access charges for termination of long-distance calls to GCP’s conference bridge equipment; that Verizon’s conduct of engaging in self help is illegal and impermissible, that Northern Valley’s tariffed rates for Switched Access Service are lawful and any claims asserted with respect to said tariffs are barred by the Filed Rate Doctrine. GCP’s Counterclaims ¶ 76. GCP’s request for declaratory relief arises under the Declaratory Judgment Act, which allows the court to declare the rights and other legal 6 The third-party standing rule does not apply where Congress expressly or by clear implication grants a right of action to third parties. Warth, 422 U.S. at 509-10. The Supreme Court has also “allowed standing to litigate the rights of third parties when enforcement of the challenged restriction against the litigant would result indirectly in the violation of third parties’ rights.” Id. Neither of these exceptions applies. GCP has not pointed to anything in the Communications Act that allows a private third party to sue to enforce the rights of another. Furthermore, dismissing GCP’s claims for injunctive relief for lack of standing would not cause a violation of Northern Valley’s rights. Indeed, Northern Valley is a party to this action and has asserted its own claims against Verizon. See Complaint, Docket 1. 16 relations of any interested party seeking such declaration in any case of actual controversy within the court’s jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 2201. As an interested party, GCP is clearly within the “zone of interests” to be protected by the Act. Each declaration GCP seeks, however, concerns the legal rights and relationships as between Verizon and Northern Valley, not the legal rights and relationships as between Verizon and GCP. As with its claim for injunctive relief, GCP does not have standing to seek a declaration of Northern Valley’s rights in order to remedy GCP’s own injuries. See Warth, 422 U.S. at 499. Again, none of the exceptions to this rule apply. As a result, GCP does not have standing to bring its claim for declaratory relief. Based on the foregoing, the court denies Verizon’s motion to dismiss GCP’s claims of tortious interference (Count I), violation of § 201(b) of the Communications Act (Count II), and violation of § 202(a) of the Communications Act (Count III). GCP’s requests for injunctive relief (Count IV) and declaratory relief (Count V) are dismissed for lack of standing. It is hereby ORDERED that Verizon’s motion to dismiss GCP’s counterclaims (Docket 95) is granted in part and denied in part. Dated March 19, 2009. BY THE COURT: /s/ Karen E. Schreier KAREN E. SCHREIER CHIEF JUDGE 17
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
