1998 Western District of New York US Federal District Court Case Law, Court Opinions & Decisions

Hollis v. City of Buffalo
Date: December 30, 1998
Citation: 28 F. Supp. 2d 812
Docket Number: 94-CV-539(H)

Rivera v. City of Rochester
Date: December 23, 1998
Citation: 21 F. Supp. 2d 230
Docket Number: 95-CV-6580

Delvecchio v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
Date: December 23, 1998
Citation: 39 F. Supp. 2d 264
Docket Number: 96-CV-7875

Wright v. Coughlin
Date: December 17, 1998
Citation: 31 F. Supp. 2d 301
Docket Number: 93-CV-601S(F)

Feigles v. Costal Lumber Co.
Date: December 17, 1998
Citation: 32 F. Supp. 2d 109
Docket Number: 97-CV-6197L

United States v. Green
Date: December 10, 1998
Citation: 33 F. Supp. 2d 203
Docket Number: 97-CV-0271A

United States v. Mahiques
Date: December 7, 1998
Citation: 29 F. Supp. 2d 171
Docket Number: 95-CR-200C

Central Buffalo Project Corp. v. FDIC
Date: November 24, 1998
Citation: 29 F. Supp. 2d 164
Docket Number: 91-CV-824C(M)

Alnutt v. Cleary
Date: November 24, 1998
Citation: 27 F. Supp. 2d 395
Docket Number: 90-CV-804L

Panaro v. Kelly
Date: November 23, 1998
Citation: 32 F. Supp. 2d 105
Docket Number: 97-CV-256H

United States v. Campbell
Date: November 20, 1998
Citation: 28 F. Supp. 2d 805
Docket Number: 98-CR-6084L

McCool v. New York State
Date: November 20, 1998
Citation: 29 F. Supp. 2d 151
Docket Number: 96-CV-442F

Neratko v. Frank
Date: November 19, 1998
Citation: 31 F. Supp. 2d 270
Docket Number: 85-CV-1259C

Colombo v. CMI Corp.
Date: November 16, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 574
Docket Number: 96-CV-6028L

Cherry v. Jorling
Date: November 15, 1998
Citation: 31 F. Supp. 2d 258
Docket Number: 97-CV-152A(F)

Ponder v. Rochester General Hosp.
Date: November 13, 1998
Citation: 29 F. Supp. 2d 147
Docket Number: 98-CV-6070

Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Distaffen
Date: November 12, 1998
Citation: 51 F. Supp. 2d 271
Docket Number: 96-CV-6478T

New York v. PVS Chemicals, Inc.
Date: November 4, 1998
Citation: 50 F. Supp. 2d 171
Docket Number: 97-CV-596A

Seneca Nation of Indians v. State of NY
Date: October 31, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 555
Docket Number: 85-CV-411C

DiRose v. McClennan
Date: October 29, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 550
Docket Number: 94-CV-7688

In Re Pfohl Bros. Landfill Litigation
Date: October 27, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 512
Docket Number: 95-CV-0020A

Moffe v. Apfel
Date: October 22, 1998
Citation: 21 F. Supp. 2d 257
Docket Number: 98-CV-6071

PSC INC. v. Symbol Technologies, Inc.
Date: October 22, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 505
Docket Number: 96-CV-6152T

McPherson v. Coombe
Date: October 20, 1998
Citation: 29 F. Supp. 2d 141
Docket Number: 95-CV-646(H)

Talyansky v. Mercury Print Productions, Inc.
Date: October 19, 1998
Citation: 25 F. Supp. 2d 151
Docket Number: 97-CV-6517L

Gittens v. Garlocks Sealing Technologies
Date: October 2, 1998
Citation: 19 F. Supp. 2d 104
Docket Number: 97-CV-6240L

Polanco v. Dworzack
Date: September 30, 1998
Citation: 25 F. Supp. 2d 148
Docket Number: 94-CV-6146

Talyansky v. Xerox Corp.
Date: September 30, 1998
Citation: 22 F. Supp. 2d 55
Docket Number: 97-CV-6387L

Edmonson v. Coughlin
Date: September 30, 1998
Citation: 21 F. Supp. 2d 242
Docket Number: 94-CV-6144L

Pulaski Materials Co. v. MILESTONE MATERIALS
Date: September 29, 1998
Citation: 35 F. Supp. 2d 279
Docket Number: 97-CV-7028

Ramos v. O'CONNELL
Date: September 29, 1998
Citation: 28 F. Supp. 2d 796
Docket Number: 95-CV-432C(H)

Adams v. Monroe County Dept. of Social Services
Date: September 29, 1998
Citation: 21 F. Supp. 2d 235
Docket Number: 97-CV-6242L

United States v. $359,500 in US Currency
Date: September 28, 1998
Citation: 25 F. Supp. 2d 140
Docket Number: 84-CV-661C

Xerox Corp. v. 3Com Corp.
Date: September 27, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 492
Docket Number: 97-6182-T

United States v. Pena
Date: September 25, 1998
Citation: 51 F. Supp. 2d 364
Docket Number: 98-CR-0006A

Epling v. Golden Eagle/Satellite Archery, Inc.
Date: September 25, 1998
Citation: 17 F. Supp. 2d 207
Docket Number: 97-CV-6530L

Lux v. Cox
Date: September 23, 1998
Citation: 32 F. Supp. 2d 92
Docket Number: 96-CV-495A

Roll v. Tracor, Inc.
Date: September 18, 1998
Citation: 26 F. Supp. 2d 482
Docket Number: 96-CV-757C(M)

Fonseca v. Columbia Gas Systems, Inc.
Date: September 17, 1998
Citation: 37 F. Supp. 2d 214
Docket Number: 97-CV-270A

United States v. Mattice
Date: September 16, 1998
Citation: 22 F. Supp. 2d 49
Docket Number: 97-CR-6063L

DiRose v. O'CONNOR
Date: September 14, 1998
Citation: 25 F. Supp. 2d 138
Docket Number: 93-CV-7951

Radley v. Eastman Kodak Co.
Date: September 14, 1998
Citation: 19 F. Supp. 2d 89
Docket Numbers: 98-CV-6368T, 98-CV-6372T

United States v. Gipson
Date: September 11, 1998
Citation: 22 F. Supp. 2d 46
Docket Numbers: 91-CR-256L, 92-CR-224L, 97-CV-6138L, 97-CV-6139L, 97-CV-6145L, 97-CV-6146L

Jaworski v. Westplex Corp.
Date: August 28, 1998
Citation: 49 F. Supp. 2d 151
Docket Number: 97-CV-6434T

Ramsey v. Busch
Date: August 25, 1998
Citation: 19 F. Supp. 2d 73
Docket Number: 93-CV-921S(F)

Moore v. Time Warner GRC 9
Date: August 18, 1998
Citation: 18 F. Supp. 2d 257
Docket Number: 96-CV-6206L

Sauer v. Xerox Corp.
Date: August 18, 1998
Citation: 17 F. Supp. 2d 193
Docket Number: 95-CV-6485L

Finnegan v. University of Rochester Medical Center
Date: August 7, 1998
Citation: 21 F. Supp. 2d 223
Docket Number: 97-CV-0406C

United States v. LaPorta
Date: August 6, 1998
Citation: 20 F. Supp. 2d 530
Docket Number: 91-CR-291C

Seneca Meadows, Inc. v. ECI Liquidating, Inc.
Date: August 6, 1998
Citation: 16 F. Supp. 2d 255
Docket Number: 95-CV-6400L

Kolp v. New York State Office of Mental Health
Date: August 3, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 323
Docket Number: 94-CV-6103

Hinton v. Moritz
Date: July 31, 1998
Citation: 11 F. Supp. 2d 272
Docket Number: 98-CV-0392E

OTIS EASTERN SERV. v. Raytheon Engineers & Constructors, Inc.
Date: July 30, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 318
Docket Number: 98-CV-6019

Black v. Selksy
Date: July 24, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 311
Docket Number: 93-CV-6276L

Warburton v. Goord
Date: July 19, 1998
Citation: 14 F. Supp. 2d 289
Docket Number: 98-CV-0366F

Withrow v. Bartlett
Date: July 16, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 292
Docket Number: 96-CV-6305L

United States v. Fico
Date: July 16, 1998
Citation: 16 F. Supp. 2d 252
Docket Number: 95-CR-6069L

Kline v. EI DuPont De Nemours & Co., Inc.
Date: July 16, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 299
Docket Number: 97-CV-0290A

United States v. Walsh
Date: July 14, 1998
Citation: 27 F. Supp. 2d 186
Docket Number: 96-CR-1C

Steve Marchionda & Associates v. Weyerhauser Co.
Date: July 13, 1998
Citation: 11 F. Supp. 2d 268
Docket Number: 98-CV-6011L

INTERN. SPORT DIVERS ASS'N v. Marine Midland Bank
Date: July 7, 1998
Citation: 25 F. Supp. 2d 101
Docket Numbers: 95-CV-0438C(M), 95-CV-438C(H)

Allah v. Kelly
Date: June 29, 1998
Citation: 32 F. Supp. 2d 592
Docket Number: 97-CV-286A

Gupta v. Town of Brighton
Date: June 26, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 242
Docket Number: 96-CV-6236T

Foley v. Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Date: June 24, 1998
Citation: 30 F. Supp. 2d 366
Docket Number: 87-CV-1489(A)

Rowe v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Date: June 24, 1998
Citation: 11 F. Supp. 2d 265
Docket Number: 96-CV-6364

Brady v. Marks
Date: June 22, 1998
Citation: 7 F. Supp. 2d 247
Docket Number: 98-CV-6196L

Vannest v. Sage, Rutty & Co., Inc.
Date: June 17, 1998
Citation: 8 F. Supp. 2d 243
Docket Number: 90-CV-1143L

DuPaul v. Jackson
Date: June 16, 1998
Citation: 8 F. Supp. 2d 237
Docket Number: 98-CV-6100

Giano v. Goord
Date: June 16, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 235
Docket Number: 97-CV-6238CJS

James v. Coughlin
Date: June 11, 1998
Citation: 13 F. Supp. 2d 403
Docket Number: 94-CV-6281L

DEMYAN v. Apfel
Date: June 11, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 227
Docket Number: 97-CV-6335L

Rosales v. Coughlin
Date: June 11, 1998
Citation: 10 F. Supp. 2d 261
Docket Number: 94-CV-6009L

United States v. Towns
Date: June 11, 1998
Citation: 19 F. Supp. 2d 67
Docket Number: 97-CR-50S

Downs v. Apfel
Date: June 11, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 230
Docket Number: 97-CV-6194L

Nasca v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Date: June 4, 1998
Citation: 8 F. Supp. 2d 235
Docket Number: 96-CV-6557

Diamond" D" Construction v. Intern. Union of Operating Eng.
Date: May 31, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 274
Docket Number: 95-CV-940C(F)

Panaro v. Kelly
Date: May 28, 1998
Citation: 11 F. Supp. 2d 260
Docket Number: 97-CV-256H

Jensen v. Garlock, Inc.
Date: May 27, 1998
Citation: 4 F. Supp. 2d 219
Docket Number: 97-CV-6057L

Bressette v. New York State Div. of Parole
Date: May 27, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 383
Docket Number: 96CV0607

Franklin v. Apfel
Date: May 22, 1998
Citation: 8 F. Supp. 2d 227
Docket Number: 96-CV-811C

Carey v. Apfel
Date: May 21, 1998
Citation: 6 F. Supp. 2d 195
Docket Number: 97-CV-6261L

Hudson v. DELPHI ENERGY & ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Date: May 21, 1998
Citation: 10 F. Supp. 2d 256
Docket Number: 95-CV-6269

Johnson v. Delphi Energy and Engine Management Systems
Date: May 21, 1998
Citation: 12 F. Supp. 2d 281
Docket Number: 95-CV-6270

Barkley v. US Postal Service
Date: May 20, 1998
Citation: 5 F. Supp. 2d 150
Docket Number: 96-CV-6265L

Case-Hoyt Corp. v. Graphic Communications Intern. Union Local 503
Date: May 20, 1998
Citation: 5 F. Supp. 2d 154
Docket Number: 96-CV-6284L

Arons v. Lalime
Date: May 19, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 328
Docket Number: 94-CV-7618

Polanco v. Brezezniak
Date: May 13, 1998
Citation: 7 F. Supp. 2d 245
Docket Number: 91-CV-6525

Gansinger v. Holiday Inns, Inc.
Date: May 12, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 226
Docket Number: 98-CV-6119

Beauchamp v. United States
Date: May 11, 1998
Citation: 4 F. Supp. 2d 213
Docket Number: 97-CV-6372T

Picotte v. COMMUNITY CHILD CARE CENTER OF THIRD
Date: May 8, 1998
Citation: 7 F. Supp. 2d 242
Docket Number: 95-CV-6065

State of NY v. Solvent Chemical Co., Inc.
Date: May 7, 1998
Citation: 6 F. Supp. 2d 186
Docket Number: 83-CV-1401C

Shire v. Alves
Date: May 7, 1998
Citation: 8 F. Supp. 2d 225
Docket Number: 96-CV-6275

Tenen v. Winter
Date: May 5, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 270
Docket Number: 94-CV-7934

Mahotep v. DeLuca
Date: May 1, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 385
Docket Number: 94-CV-6211L

Omega Homes, Inc. v. City of Buffalo, NY
Date: April 30, 1998
Citation: 4 F. Supp. 2d 187
Docket Number: 97-CV-0680C(M)

United States v. Miller
Date: April 30, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 376
Docket Number: 96-CR-6065L

Camelio v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Date: April 30, 1998
Citation: 15 F. Supp. 2d 268
Docket Number: 93-CV-6489

McClary v. Kelly
Date: April 30, 1998
Citation: 4 F. Supp. 2d 195
Docket Number: 90-CV-0501A

Clark v. Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc.
Date: April 30, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 366
Docket Number: 95-CV-0482(F)

Dow Corning Corp. v. Chemical Design, Inc.
Date: April 28, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 361
Docket Number: 97-CV-382S(F)

Lisa's Party City, Inc. v. Town of Henrietta
Date: April 26, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 378
Docket Number: 96-CV-6155T

United States v. Harmon
Date: April 23, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 467
Docket Number: 92-CR-60L

Stephens v. STATE UNIVERSITY OF NY AT BUFFALO
Date: April 21, 1998
Citation: 11 F. Supp. 2d 242
Docket Number: 95-CV-939A

Steele v. Walter
Date: April 21, 1998
Citation: 11 F. Supp. 2d 252
Docket Number: 97-CV-0050A

Wynn v. AC ROCHESTER
Date: April 20, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 358
Docket Number: 95-CV-6155L

Amidon v. Apfel
Date: April 20, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 350
Docket Number: 97-CV-6027L

Toutounjian v. INS
Date: April 17, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 374
Docket Number: 96-CV-291C(F)

Billett v. Reno
Date: April 15, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 368
Docket Number: 97-CV-6399T

Reynolds v. Apfel
Date: April 15, 1998
Citation: 1 F. Supp. 2d 223
Docket Number: 97-CV-6290L

Gansinger v. Holiday Inns, Inc.
Date: April 14, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 225
Docket Number: 98-CV-6119

Manuel Marmolejo v. Birdair, Inc.
Date: April 10, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 354
Docket Number: 96-CV-73H

Davis v. Kelly
Date: April 10, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 362
Docket Number: 97-CV-193H

Durham v. Consolidated Rail Corp.
Date: April 9, 1998
Citation: 8 F. Supp. 2d 223
Docket Number: 98-CV-6117

Glowacki v. Buffalo General Hosp.
Date: April 9, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 346
Docket Number: 95-CV-0708C

Toms v. Pizzo
Date: April 9, 1998
Citation: 4 F. Supp. 2d 178
Docket Number: 97-CV-6420L

Schramm v. Irvin
Date: April 2, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 339
Docket Number: 97-CV-252H

Smith v. Sullivan
Date: April 2, 1998
Citation: 1 F. Supp. 2d 206
Docket Number: 97-CV-6515L

Crawford v. Johnson
Date: April 1, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 222
Docket Number: 95-CV-6292

US Ex Rel. Vallejo v. Investronica, Inc.
Date: March 31, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 330
Docket Number: 96-CV-6575L

Ramsey v. Coughlin
Date: March 31, 1998
Citation: 1 F. Supp. 2d 198
Docket Number: 94-CV-9S(F)

Schiraldi v. AMPCO System Parking
Date: March 31, 1998
Citation: 9 F. Supp. 2d 213
Docket Number: 96-CV-7311

Mroz v. City of Tonawanda
Date: March 31, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 436
Docket Number: 96-CV-403C(F)

Tout v. County of Erie
Date: March 30, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 320
Docket Number: 95-CV-66H

Dettelis v. City of Buffalo
Date: March 28, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 341
Docket Number: 95-CV-529C

New York Bankers Ass'n, Inc. v. Levin
Date: March 27, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 716
Docket Number: 97-CV-6423T

Layaou v. Xerox Corp.
Date: March 27, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 426
Docket Number: 95-CV-6388L

Harris v. AMERICAN PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Date: March 27, 1998
Citation: 1 F. Supp. 2d 191
Docket Number: 97-CV-6056L

Martin v. EI DuPont De Nemours & Co.
Date: March 26, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 416
Docket Number: 96-CV-0373A

United States v. Williams
Date: March 24, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 412
Docket Number: 97-CR-0004A

Warburton v. Underwood
Date: March 20, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 306
Docket Number: 97-CV-0988F

Hogan v. Ward
Date: March 18, 1998
Citation: 998 F. Supp. 290
Docket Number: 97-CV-5H

United States v. Sicurella
Date: March 17, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 337
Docket Number: 91-CR-291C

Petrazzoulo v. US Marshals Service
Date: March 17, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 401
Docket Number: 97-CV-362H

Amerisure Ins. Co. v. Laserage Technology Corp.
Date: March 10, 1998
Citation: 2 F. Supp. 2d 296
Docket Number: 96-CV-6313

McGuirk v. Eastern General Ins. Agency
Date: March 9, 1998
Citation: 997 F. Supp. 395
Docket Number: 97-CV-6486L

United States v. Sicurella
Date: March 5, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 330
Docket Number: 91-CR-291C

Sprau v. Coughlin
Date: March 3, 1998
Citation: 997 F. Supp. 390
Docket Number: 93-CV-6507L

Donovan v. Gober
Date: March 2, 1998
Citation: 5 F. Supp. 2d 142
Docket Number: 97-CV-021A(H)

Summers v. Guss
Date: February 26, 1998
Citation: 7 F. Supp. 2d 237
Docket Number: 95-CV-6318

Gray v. Millers Mut. Ins. Co.
Date: February 24, 1998
Citation: 997 F. Supp. 387
Docket Number: 97-CV-6576L

United States v. Carter
Date: February 23, 1998
Citation: 996 F. Supp. 260
Docket Number: 98-M-524

Weaver v. State of NY
Date: February 23, 1998
Citation: 7 F. Supp. 2d 234
Docket Number: 97-CV-7775

Leitzsey v. Coombe
Date: February 23, 1998
Citation: 998 F. Supp. 282
Docket Number: 95-CV-6410L

Olejniczak v. EI Du Pont De Nemours & Co.
Date: February 19, 1998
Citation: 998 F. Supp. 274
Docket Number: 96-CV-81A

Sprint Spectrum LP v. Willoth
Date: February 19, 1998
Citation: 996 F. Supp. 253
Docket Number: 97-CV-6473T

Pahuta v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc.
Date: February 18, 1998
Citation: 997 F. Supp. 379
Docket Number: 91-CV-107H

Wilson v. Johnson
Date: February 17, 1998
Citation: 999 F. Supp. 394
Docket Number: 95-CV-857S

United States v. Rochester Gas and Elec. Corp.
Date: February 17, 1998
Citation: 4 F. Supp. 2d 172
Docket Number: 97-CV-6294T

Lucas v. Lalime
Date: February 13, 1998
Citation: 998 F. Supp. 263
Docket Number: 96-CV-0185A

COR Marketing & Sales, Inc. v. Greyhawk Corp.
Date: February 12, 1998
Citation: 994 F. Supp. 437
Docket Number: 96-CV-0130F

Kernan v. Kurz-Hastings, Inc.
Date: February 10, 1998
Citation: 997 F. Supp. 367
Docket Number: 95-CV-929H

United States v. Simmons
Date: February 6, 1998
Citation: 993 F. Supp. 168
Docket Number: 97-M-649

United States v. Towns
Date: February 5, 1998
Citation: 19 F. Supp. 2d 64
Docket Number: 97CR0050S

Cooper v. Xerox Corp.
Date: February 5, 1998
Citation: 994 F. Supp. 429
Docket Number: 95-CV-6071L

Catanzano v. Wing
Date: February 4, 1998
Citation: 992 F. Supp. 593
Docket Number: 89-CV-1127L

Feinberg-Duckett v. Ford Motor Co.
Date: February 3, 1998
Citation: 998 F. Supp. 260
Docket Number: 95-CV-704A

Pfalzgraf v. Shalala
Date: January 30, 1998
Citation: 997 F. Supp. 360
Docket Number: 97-CV-124H

Arons v. Lalime
Date: January 21, 1998
Citation: 3 F. Supp. 2d 314
Docket Number: 94-CV-618A

Rodriguez v. Berbary
Date: January 20, 1998
Citation: 992 F. Supp. 592
Docket Number: 97-CV-0931S

Wado v. Xerox Corp.
Date: January 16, 1998
Citation: 991 F. Supp. 174
Docket Numbers: 95-CV-6096L, 95-CV-6101L, 95-CV-6103L, 95-CV-6106L, 95-CV6130L, 95-CV6176L, 95-CV-6189L, 95-CV-6190L, 95-CV-6331L

Brown v. Apfel
Date: January 14, 1998
Citation: 991 F. Supp. 166
Docket Number: 97-CV-6118L

Soto v. Elston
Date: January 14, 1998
Citation: 993 F. Supp. 163
Docket Number: 97-CV-6460Fe

Husbands v. McClellan
Date: January 13, 1998
Citation: 990 F. Supp. 214
Docket Number: 93-CV-6025L

Universal Well Serv. v. Avoca Nat. Gas Storage
Date: January 8, 1998
Citation: 222 B.R. 26
Docket Numbers: 97-CV-6406T, 97-CV-6408T

Marriott v. Ingham
Date: January 7, 1998
Citation: 990 F. Supp. 209
Docket Number: 97-CV-6421L