Calderin v. Miami-Dade Police Department et al, No. 1:2013cv21069 - Document 53 (S.D. Fla. 2014)
Court Description: ORDER denying 36 Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Chief Judge Federico A. Moreno on 6/24/2014. (mmd)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
Calderin v. Miami-Dade Police Department et al Doc. 53 UN I TED STATES DI STRI COURT FOR THE CT SO UTH ERN D I STRI O F FLO RI CT DA M i m iD i s on a vi i Cas Num be 1 21 CI M ORENO e r: 3- 069- VD AV I CALD ERI , D N Pl i if a ntf , V S. ERI H.SCHOTTENHEI ER, K M Def nt enda . / ORDER DENYI DEFENDANT' M OTJ FOR SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT NG S ON Pli if Da d Cal rn,fld s tunde 42U. C.j 1 f e es i f cea i t antf, vi dei ie ui r S. 983, or xc sve or gans De enda tOfk erErk H.Sc tenhem e f l ng a 2011s i Sus c i Pl n ift be f n t i ho t i r olowi hootng. pe tng aitf o s ci l Ofk e sLo ya Sc t nhem e r po tdt ac rdeaerhi whe eDavi Cade i wa ui da , t r wr nd hote i r e re o a l s p r d l rn s t l ngt hi e gilrend' f t r Ofke Lo y c im e t tPli tf wasi pos e sonofa aki o s x- rfi s a he . f r wr onfr d ha a n if n s si knie.Pl ntf ha t knie, c wa c r dand s at d,n hi ha whe hewa s i t f ai if d he f whih s ove e he he i s nd n s hot n he a m by Ofk e Sc t nhe me . Ofk e Sc t nhe me s Pli ift m or tm e onhi sde r t r hote i r t r hote i r hot antf wo ei s s i a dt c i h slwe b c Ofie Sc otn eme i mo i gf rs mmayj d me t e u sig n wie n i o r a k. fc r h te h i r s v n o u r u g n rq e tn t Cour g a hi qualf e i m uniy. he t r nt m ii d m t The Cour deci s t g a qualfe i muniy a t r a e diput i s of f d t t t lne o r nt ii d m t s he e r s ed s ues a ha p e ld teCo r fo fndn Of e Sc te heme a tdo j ci eyra o a y l i u la r cu e h u tr m i ig fc r hotn i r ce b e tv l e s n bl. ts nce r o t s r c d whehe Pl i if r c i d a wa ni pro t bei s ,whehe Def nda n hi e or t r antf e eve r ng i r o ng hot t r e nt Sc t nhem e hote i rkne Pl i if daknie, npl ntf d o dhi knie, t r hekniec d w antf ha f whe ai if r ppe s f whehe t f oul be c us f a r ve ,wha wast physca dit nce among t i vi l pr s nt a onf ed or evol r t he i l sa he ndi dua s e e , nd Dockets.Justia.com whehe t Pl i ifwa es pi t r he antf s ca ng.Thetiroff tmus decdet e f t li s t de e m i re - -ac t i hes acua s ues o t r ne whe he Defnda i e il t qualfed i muniy. M or ove ,t Cour i r uc a t g a t r e nt s ntted o ii m t e r he t s el t nt o r nt q l di nt o amo infrs mmayj d me t epe ilywh r Pli tf wa n t ng g d uai mmu iy n to o u r u g n , s cal ee anif s o e a e fe i avi e c i a t tm eoft s i a wasi pos e son ofakniet twa c r and n olnt rme t he i he hootng nd n ssi f ha s ove ed s a hed. he t THI CAUSE ca be or t Cour upon De e nts M o i n f Sum m a y J S me f e he t f nda ' to or r udgmen t ( E.No.36 ,ie on M ar h 1 201 D. ) fld c 8. 4. THE COURT ha c i r d t m oto t r s s onsde e he i n, he e pons a t pe tne pori nsoft e, nd he ri nt to he r cor and beng ot ie f l a s i t pr m ies i i e d, i hem s uly dvied n he e s , t s ADJ UDGED ta t mo inf rs mma yj d me ti DENI h t he to o u r u g n s ED. 1 Fac ualBacker . t ound Pli if Da d Cal rn,ûld s tunde 42 U. C.j 1 ag ns Ofke Erk H. antf, vi dei e ui r S. 983 ai t t r i Sc te me ,n hi i vi lca c t Pli tf i s ngf exce svef r ea t De e nt ho tnhei r i s ndi dua pa iy. a n if s ui or s i o c nd he f nda i mo igf rs mmayj g n , iigq ai e i ni s vn o u r ud me t ctn u lt d mmu t i y. O n t m or ng ofD ec m be 29,2011 Pl i ifD a d Ca de i s nta t xtm e s ge t hi he ni e r , a ntf vi l rn e e sa o s ex- rfind M s Ana Azi Cade i txt d M s Az zt the wa goi t s ehe f t ra hi gilre . m z. l rn e e . i ha s ng o e r ahe t s worplce ac rde lrhi Cal rnDe a 11.HetxtdM s Azzt tçfyoug s Azz c l k a , a aes p. dei po. t e e . i ha û i M . i) al t polc t n Iwilkil ys f'1 a 9.Cade i t tfedt thewastyi t ge he at nton, he ie he l l m el. d. t ' l rn esi ha r ng o t r te i be us s ha bee i nor ng hi f a c e ofda . I a 1 ca e he d n g i m or oupl ys d. t 0. A day prort t t exchange,M s.A zi appled f and t s at cour i ued at por y i o he ext z i or he t e t ss em ar rsri n o d r g is Cad rn. e Te o a yIj n to o Pr tdi nAg is Daigvi ln e etanig r e a an t l ei S e mp rr nu cinf r oe o an t tn oe c a D. 37- ,Ana AzzStt nta 7 (e tfi t t E. 4. m i aeme t tsiyng emporr rsr ni or rwa notpr l a y e tai ng de s opery s r e o Cad rn) Afe tetx e h n e s ec le 91 a dr p re t t poiet s bsa c e v d n lei . trh e t xc a g ,h ald 1 n e o td o he l he u tn e c oft t xti l ng Ca de i st ea t c he e ncudi l rn' hr t o omm i s cde.Ann Azz St t m e a 1 . t ui i m i a e nt t 0 Cade i wen ot M a ooneFor whe eM r Azi l rn tt he r d, r . zwor . Ca dern D e a 27.Ca de i ked l i po. t l rn a rve a t de l r hi wih a l i knie, c heca re i hi poc . 1 a 1 C a de i ri d t he a e s p t 3-nch f whi h ri d n s ket d. t 4. l r n bele ivedt tpos e snga br ndihi akniewoul not e ul i hi a r s , r t rwo dyi d ha s s i nd a s ng f d r s t n s re tbut ahe ul el hi ps hiti team e .I Thepolc dipae uponr evi t 911c l fom M s Az z s nt m yc a rc r t nt d ie s t h, ec i ng he alr . i, e M i m iD a Polce Ofk e N e y de Le Low r t t M a oone For dea e s p. Low r Depo.a a - de i t r r on y o he r d l r hi y t 18. Ofi rSc te i e waspa r lng t a e whe he he d t polce r di ar s t fce ho tnhem r toli he r a n ar he i a o eque t o r s ndt t M a oo For de e s p.Sc t nhei rDe a 30.Sc t nhei rha l r d e po o he r ne d alr hi hote me po. t hote me d ea ne t tCade i se grfindr e ve at fom Cade i t li he he wa g ng t he f t r s ha l rn' x- ilre ec i d ext r l rn, elng r s oi o r ahe ' wo kpl c a i s c l t polc he woul c r a e nd f he aled he ie, d omm i s c de I a 32. t uii . d t U pon O fi e Low r sa va ,s go outofhe m a ke polce c a w a ked a ound t fc r y' ni l he t r r d i ar nd l r he a e t l a eCal rn a f und hi wih M r Azi outi t deaerhi Lowr De a 24. r a o oc t de i nd o m t . z sde he l s p. y po. t Ofi rLowr t sii d t tCa de i a a e s d,dia nt d,a ho l s whie M r Azz fce y e tfe ha l rn ppe r d a s ppoi e nd pees , l . i a a e a y.Lom ' De a 24- Shehea dM r Azi t l Cal rn:dtsove ,i' donewih, ppe r d ngr y po. t 26. r . z e l de i t ' i r ts t j s f r e a o tt'1 a 2 .Cad rna d dta M r Azzi f r dhm t a h sd u h e h da u t o g t b u i. d t 9 le i d e h t . i n o me i h t i a g tr a n ' ar a ed m a ag i sx m ont tm e. Ca dern De a 1 r ng ni e n i hs i l i po. t 82. Ca de i a hi br he -n-aw , l rn nd s ot r i l Bra Cas a w ho w a w a tng f hi i i t de e s p, e tf e t tCa de i a M r A zi in t no, s ii or m nsde he al r hi t s ii d ha l rn nd . z w r ppe up t i conve s ton w ih a hug, hen a f al ofi e a oa d. d a 1 Cas a a d he r rai t w em e f c r ppr che 1 t 84; t no St t m e a 11 O fi e Sc t nhei era oa d t s e a t s i i d t tno one a t s ne a e nt t . f c r hote m ppr che he c ne nd e tfe ha t he ce , M r A zi ,Cal rn, Of i e Low l a a ed f i e d or a t t ,i hi vi ,t y e bie . z de i or f c r y, ppe r rght ne gia ed' n s ew he xhi t d no em otons Sc t r m e De at39. i . hote l hei r po. Ofi e Lowr a oa hedt s nea as dd eyo Da dCa de i 'a her ponded fc r y ppr c he ce nd ke f Ar u vi l rn?' nd es a fr tvey. Ca de i De a 1 Lo y De a 29f ma i l l rn po. t 76; wr po. t 31. Ofi e Lowr pr e ded t as fc r y oc e o k Cadern i heha a wea l i f d ny pons l rn De a 183.Cadern s i heha akniei hi poc t .Ca de i po. t l i ad d f n s ke . 1 a 1 1 Ofk erLowr r di d i t tCade i ha aknie.1 . a 1 O fi e Lo r a s d. t 83, 98. t y a oe n ha l rn d f d t 88. f e r w y l o a unce S r l udl 't tCal i ha a knie. Lowr De a 44. Ac r ng t Ofi r nno d t y o y' ha ve dern d f y po. t co di o fce Sc t nhe me , di nothea Ofi e Lowr s yCade i ha a knie.1 a 43. hote i r he d r fc r y a l rn d f d. t O fi e Low r t n t d Ca de i t put hi ha overhi he - a c m a C a de i tc r y he ol l rn o s nds s ad om nd l rn diobe d. Afe r evi t command, l rn s ddi t adofm epu tngmy ha abovemy s ye tr ec i ng he Ca de i ai tnse ti nds he t t sw he lg a d t knie. I a 1 O f i e Low r t tfed t ts di no kno t ad, ha ' n r bbe he f ' d t 83. fc r ' y es ii ha he d t w he we pon wasaknieun i Cadern pule i o a r iedhi ha ,a whi poi hes i heha a f tl l i l d t ut nd a s s nds t ch nt ad d aknie.Lowr De a 33, Cade i wat dabout e s ondsandwhe hes w Ofi e Lowr f y po. t 37. l rn ie t n ec n a fc r y r ac ng f he ha uf s he decded t tke outhi knie.Cal rn Depo.a 1 201 Thr e hi or r ndc f , i o a s f de i t 88, . ee sc e ondsa trt ki outt knie,Cade i wass i t a m a dr fe a ng he f l rn hot n he r nd oppedt kniet t toor he f o he l . 1 a 18 203. The knie w a c r d a s a hed when he w a s . I a 1 1 Ca dern d. t 3, f s ove e nd he t s hot d t 88, 94. l i s i h wa a et e sl g a t k ieo to hsp c e ; h dj tl t we t p u d fo h s ad e s bl o a i rb he nf u f i o k t he a us os t ny o n s r m i y wei o 325 pounds and t pa s we e ba ght f he nt r ggy.f a 1 #. t 92. Ofi erSc t nhei e beleve fc hote m r i d Cade i wast ki a r vol routofhi pa s bec us t handl l l rn a ng e ve s nt , a e he e ooked lket tofar vol . i ha e ver Sc t nhe m e D e a 41 hote i r po. t . A fe ge tng s i t a m ,Ca de i t ne hi t ck a bot oft m , t ned m y bac on t r ti hot n he z l r n ur d s d ba t h he l ur k t f m al ofi e a 1t ne m y ba k on Sc t nhe m e . t lke t e qui k s e a t n I he e e fc r nd ur d c hote i r I ook i hr e c t ps nd he notc d t tIw a ge tng s i m y ba k. Ca de i D e a 203. $ gots once It ano he i e ha s ti hot n c ' l r n po. t ' t I hot , ook t r s e lg s a i It a he se a t n t t r s t t sw ha m a m e buc e a t p. ot hot ga n, ook not r t p nd he he hi d hot ha ' t de kl nd f l my f c fr tt t foor'f a 205.I t t l Cal rn s d hewa s f tmes onc i t al a e is o he l .' J. t n o a , de i ai s hot our i , e n he a m a t eetm esi t ba k. d a 21 Of i e Sc tenhe m e a ist s i Pl i iffve r nd hr i n he c l t 6. f c r ho t i r dm t o hootng a ntf i tm e - s tone i t a m ,s t t o a t r e on hi s de and s s f and fve i Pl i if s i s ho n he r ho s w nd l e z si , hot our i n a ntf l owerba k. Sc t nhe m e D e a 54c hote i r po. t 56. Cal rn s i he dr de i ad opped t knie t t gr he f o he ound a tr t frt s . I a 205. fe he is hot d t Sc t nhei r on t ot rha s d t kniedi notf l t t gr hote me , he he nd, ai he f d a l o he ound untla t Pl i iff l, i fer antf el ie a t t ffh guns . hote i rDe a 60. Afe t frts t Cal rn e anedhe .. fer he it hot Sc t nhe me po. t tr he is ho , de i xpl i t ne a ound t tyt es pet s i Cade i De a 206. ur d r o r o ca he hootng. l rn po. t W he hew a fr ts , l i s i hew a a n s i s hot Ca dern a d s bout1 1 f e f om Of i e Lowr and a 0- 2 e t r fc r y bout 30 f e f om Of i rSc te i e . de i D e a 1 1 O fi rSchote i e t tfe etr fce ho t nhe m r Cal r n po. t 86, 95. tce t nhe m r es ii d hi dit nc was1 1 f e a Ofi e Lowr swa 7- f etfom Cal rn.Sc te i rDe s sa e 5- 8 e t nd fc r y' s 8 e r de i ho t nhe me po. at38.Bo h Ca de i a Ofi e Lowr t tfe t r wasno one e s t e a t tm e oft t l rn nd fc r y esii d he e l e her t he i he s tng.Lo yDepo. t41 Ofi rSc t nhei r howe r s dt tM r Azzwassil e e hoo i wr a . tce hote me , ve , ai ha . i tlpr s nt and cl e t Cal rn. Sc t nhei erDe a 40. os r o de i hote m po. t Acc di t Ca dern,he di nothe rO f i r Sc t nhei e w a n hi bef e s i or ng o l i d a fce hote m r r m or hootng. 1 a 196.Ofi e Sc tnhei ,howe ,cai st the t c wa ne Cade i t ge t t d. t fc r hote mer ver l m ha wi e r d l rn o t o he gr ound. Sc t rhei erD e at38.A tt spoi ,Ca t no he d O f i rSc t i e s y l t hote l m po. hi nt s a ar fce hotenhe m r a s ge dow n on t gr he ound. Casano St t m e a 1 O f i e Low r coul onl r m e be t tO f i e ' t ' a e nt t 2. fc r y d y e m r ha fc r Sc t nhem e ga al c hote i r ve oud omm a butc dnotr calwha t co mand was Lowr De nd, oul e l t he m . y po. a 45 S a d d ç wa tetrt n t ee I u s b c u e1m afmaeh wa j s mo e-h wa t . he d e :' s h is o e h r . g e s e a s ' e l e s u t r e s I com pla tw ih m e Ido tkno - ldon' kno w ha c nge He w a co pla w ih m e.ldon' in t . n' w t w t ha d. s m i nt t t know why,you know , no he com m and w asnee d. 1 a 6 65. A fe t s i Cal rn a t r de ' d. t 4' t r he hootng, de i t tfedt tt ofi r c m eup t hi ashely o t g ound. Hehe d Ofi rLowr s yi esii ha he fce s a o m a n he r ar fce y a ng ç j s fns e rdoigy ut a h h s k ie wh d dy us o h m, o din'ha et s o t i t u t ih d a i n o h t e a a nf , y i o ho t i y u d t v o h o hm l 'I a 208.Ofk e Lowr doesnotr calwha s s i t Cade i . 1 a 59.TheM i miDade 'd. t t r y e l t he ad o l rn d. t a - . . .. Polc De m e c a ste t Pli ifsconduc a a m ide e no f ca r ng a c eaed i e pm nt l s ii d he a ntf t s s m a r or ryi onc l we ponunde Fl i Stt ej790. . a r orda aut 01 l LegalSt l. andard S mmayj d me ti a p o raeçft emo n s o t theei n g n n d s uea u r u g n s p r p it d h va t h ws ha t r s o e uie ip t s i t a ymaeila t ndt emo a t se tte t j dg n a amatro lw. Fe R. P. 6 a . o n tra fc a h v n i n ild o u me t s te f a ' d. CW. 5 () ' A fcu l ip t ao ei n t n ug t d fa aprpel pldmo inf rs mmayj d me t o l a t a d s ue ln s o e o h o ee t o ry e to o u r u g n ; n y t e e itn e o a g n ie is e o maeilfc wi p e ld a g a to s mmayj d me t h x se c f e un su f tra a t l r cu e rn f u r u g n . l Andes v fi ryLobb I , U. 242, -48( ) Anis i ge neit e de e ron . be t y, nc.477 S. 247 1986 . s ue s nui f he vi nc i s c ta ara o a e u yc ul rt r av r itfrten n mo n pa t. iev Jfe s nC/p s u h h t e s n blj r o d eu n edc o h o - vig ry M z . efro / . Bd o c, 3F.d7 9, 4 ( 1hCi. 9 6 . fc i maeilft yaf c t eo to ofh fEdu .9 3 3 7 2 1 t r 1 9 )A a t s tra iima fe th uc me t e s tunde t gove ni l w. ln v T on Foo , I ,1 F. 6 646( 1h Ci.1 . ui r he r ng a Ale . ys ds nc. 21 3d 42, 1 t r 997) Them ovi pa t be r t i ta bur n ofs ng ry a s he niil de howi t c tbyr f r ncet m a e il on ng he our, e e e o t ra s fl t tt r a eno ge ne is ofma e i lf tt ts d be de i d a ti l H ik on Cor ie,ha he e r nui s ues t ra ac ha houl c de t ra . c s p. v. Cr s m Co.I .357F. 1 1 ( t Ci. N osar , nc, 3d 256, 260 11h r 2004)( tn Cel e Cor v. r t477 ciig otx p. Catet, U. 31 , 2 ( 9 6 l he amo igp ryh sds h r e isb r e t eno mo i pat mus S. 7 3 3 1 8 :.s n vn a t a ic a g d t u d n,h n- vng ry t W t n ç o be ond t pl a ngs ' a by is ow n afi vis or by S pos tons a wer t he g y he e di , nd t f da t , de ii , ns s o i e r a ores a a isonso tl ' i naes cik f c ss ntrog t i , nd dm s i n iesdesg t pe t a t howi t t he ei age neis ng ha t r s nui s ue frtil' efr v S r s t Irj S x I c, 4F.d5 0 5 3 4( 1hCi.1 9 ) ctn Ceoe , o ra.Jfèy . a a oa f// o , n .6 3 9 , 9 -9 1 t r 9 5 ( i g ltx ' ze 7 i 47 U. a 3 4 . epat o p sn s mmayj g n ma as fiin s o n t e tbiht e 7 S. t 2 )Th ry p o ig u r ud me t ke u fce t h wig o sa ls h e se ofa es e ile e e i t tpa t sc e,on whih t tpa t wilbe rt bur n of xit nce n s nta l m nt n ha ry' as c ha ry l a he de pr a til Ceotx Cor ,477 U. a 323- l t nonm ova f ist a oof t ra . l e p. S. t 24. f he nt al o dducee de ewhih vi nc c wo d b s f in , e v e d i alg tmo tf v rb et teno mo a t t s p o taj r ul e u fce t wh n iwe n ih s a o a l o h n v n , o u p r u y fn i frten n va t s mmayj d me t yb g a td. d ro , 7 U. a 2 4 5 Th idng o h o mo n ,u r u g n ma e rn e An e s n 4 7 S. t 5 - 5. e b de o t nonmovi pa t i s tnta :dhem e ee se eofs ea l ed f cua diput ur n n he ng ry s ubs a i l ç t r xitnc om leg a t l s e bewe nt ep riswi n t e e t noh r s p o rys p o tdmo inf rs mmayj dg n . t e h a t l o d fa a te wie r pel u p re to o u r u me t' e l ' I a 247- A ss h,t nonm ovi pa t t us pr de m or t n a m e e s i il ofe de d t 48. uc he ng r y û t ovi m e ha r c ntla vi nce t s r ieamoinf ru g n a amatr flw. Co sv . a tto Patr s 1 6F.d1 9 o u vv to o j d me t s te o a ' mb - Pl na in te n , 0 3 51 , ' ç 1 26( 1h Ci.1 . 5 1 t r 997) 1 LeealA nal s 11. ysi The Cour be ns t q lfe i m uniy a l i wih t ques i of w he he O fi e t gi he ua ii d m t na ys s t he ton t r fc r Sc t nhem e ' c hote i rs onduc vi aedt FourhAmendme .Pe s v Calahan, U. 223, t ol t he t nt ar on . l 555 S. 236 ( 0 )( odngt eS u irv Kaz 5 3U. 1 4, 0 ( 0 )fa wo ks o l n t erg r e 2 08 h li h a ce . t, 3 S. 9 2 0 2 01 rme r h ud o b e ad d asa i lxi erquie nt.A cai t tlw-nf ce ntofier us de s i f c t efec n nfe bl e rme ) l m ha a e or me fc s e xce sve ore o f t a s i e i gove ne by t Fourh Am e e ' tr as blnes ' sa r See Gr ezur s r d he t ndm nts ûe ona e s' tnda d. aham v . Connor 490 U. 386 ( 98 ;Te s e v Gar r 471U. 1( , S. 1 9) nne s e . ne , S. 1985) The i r rquies . nquiy e r a yzngt t alt oft crumsa e .Plmhofv Rikar 1 S.Ct 201 2020( 4) nal i he ot iy he ic tnc s u f . c d, 34 . 2, 201 . W hehe a ofi e ' de sont us de dl f c i r s bl de ndsupont s r undng t r n fc r s cii o e a y or e s ea ona e pe he ur o i crumsa es Je Ba it v Gute r z 6l7 F. 81 821 ( 1h Ci.201 . And t e ic tnc . an- ptse . ir e , 3d 6, 1 t r 0) hos c r um s a sm us bevi w e f om t pe s c i oft l w e o c m e of i e . d ;Gar z k i c t nce t e d r he r pe tve he a nf r e nt f c r l c yns i v Br haw, F. 11 ( 1hCi. . ads 573 3d 58 1 t r 2009) ûf elea ona enes'i r i a e s i f c . d' r s bl s nquiy n n xce sve ore -h c s i a o j cieo e teq e to i wh t e t eo fc r ' cin aeçb e tveyr a o a l'n a t s n b e tv n :h u si n s eh r h fie s a to s r o j ci l e s n b e i lgh oft f c sa cr i t he a t nd icumsa se r i t m .' cyns i 573F.d a 1 66- ( tng tnce onfontng he 'Gar z k , 3 t 1 67 quoi Gr h m, 9 U. a 3 7 .Th Co r i mid u ta S ol eo fc r aeo tnf r e t ma es l a a 4 0 S. t 9 ) e u ts n f lh ti i f es r fe oc d o k p i p c t s c n j d me t - i cru tn e t taetn e u c ran,a d rpil e oli - a u t e e o d u g n s - n ic msa c s ha r e s , n e ti n a d y v vng - bo t h a u t ff ret a i n c s ayi apatc lrst ain. 1 .( u tn Gr h 4 0U. a 3 6 mo n o o c h t s e e s r n riua iu to ' d q oi g a am, 9 S. t 9 ' 97) . An ofk erne onl ha a gua epr bl c e, acual o bl ca e, t qualf f t ed y ve r bl oba e aus not t pr ba e us o iy or i muniy fom a Fourh Am e m t r t ndme cai . I Re r e sofwhehe pr nt l m d ga dl s t r obabl ca e a t ly e us cual e se a ofi e i e ild t i uniy i heS e o bl coul ha be ivedt t oba eca e xit d, n fc r s ntte o mm t f t as na y r d ve le ha pr bl us e sed,nlghtoft i or tont ot rposesed. 1 ( i M ont ev Car ,11 F. xit i i he nf mai he fke s s ' d. quotng ' out . r 4 3d 1 1 1 4( 1hCi. 9 7 ) Th Elv nhCic ii d t/ . so , T, 6 F.d 1 4 , 5 7( 1h 8 , 8 1 t r 1 9 ). e e e t rutnacp ' Ab tn J 7 2 2 5 3 1 4 1 t fv Ci.1 )delne tdt Gar rsandadasf l : r 985 i ae he ne t r olows The Gar rsa r con ai t e ee e s Fis,a ofi r ne t nda d t ns hr e lm nt . r t n fce mus ha pr bl c us t belevet tt s pe tpos a t ea t ve oba e a e o i ha he us c es hr t ofs rousphysca ha m t t ofi rort ot r . Pr bl c us ei i l r o he fce o he s oba e a e oft ss te sswhe et s pe ta t ly t e t nst ofier hi or xit r he us c cual hr a e he fc wih awe pon orwhe et r i pr bl ca et be ivet tt t a r he e s oba e us o le ha he s pe tha c m it d a c i e i vi t i lc i or us c s om te rm nvol ng he nf i ton t e t ne i l cton of s r ousphys c ha m . Se ond,de dl hr a e d nti i ei i al r c a y f c mus bene es a yt pr ven es a . Thid,t ofiermus or e t c s r o e t c pe r he fc t gi s ewa ni r ga di t pos i eus ofdea y f c ve om r ng e r ng he sbl e dl or e whe ve f s bl ne r ea i e. Acofi 2F.da 1 4 ; ut v Ci o o to r 7 F.d 1 75 1 2 ( 9 5 . . f76 2 t 5 7 Pr it . t fM ng mey, 71 2 4 , 48 1 8 ) y Agan,heCo t t t tras blnes i t bedeemi i t urnoesha e ona e s s o tr nedbyç l i lt naur a s ancgng he t e nd ba qua iy oft i r i on t i vi ' Fourh Am e e ti e e t a i tt i pora eof lt he ntuson he ndi duals t ndm n ntr ss ga ns he m tnc teg v r me tln eet alg dt u tf t eit so . Ga n r 4 U. a 8 I c nd tn t i h o en na itrss le e oj siy h nnli n' r e , 71 S.t . n o uci g hs ' ba a i t t t Cour m us c i rt S c oft pa tc ari nz i , t m a ri whi h l ncng es, he t t onsde he l ope he ri ul nt son he nne n c s ii c n u td tej siiainfri tai gi, n teplc i whihi i c n u td 'G imerev. ts o d ce ,h u tfc to o ni tn ta d h a e n c t s o d ce ' l i . Ci o lna Ge r a, 7 F.d 1 9 ,1 0 ( 1h Ci. 98 )( u tn Belv Wo h 4 U. t fAt t, o gi 7 4 2 4 5 5 2 1 t r 1 5 q o ig l y a ss , 41 S. . 5 0( 9 9)(b o ae o ohe g o n sGr h m, 9 U. 38 ) 2 1 7 ) a r g td n t r r u d a a 4 0 S. 6 . Re e ngt f c sfo t pe s c i ofar s bl polc ofi r t Cour c vi wi he a t r m he r pe tve ea ona e i e fce , he t nnno s y ta t t fc r h te h i rsa to s r o j cieyr ao a l. ts n s u e ta plitf wa ha Ofie Sc otn eme ' ci n wee b e tv l e s n be Ii u dip td h t an if s no c m itng a f l y i vi t i lc i ort e t ned i l c i ofs i phys ca hanu . t om ti e on nvol ng he nf i ton hr a e nt i ton erous i l Atmos,t polceofi e sknew hew a a dange t hi s f Li wie t r i no diput t t t he i fc r s r o m el. ke s , he e s s e ha Ca de i ha nott e t dM r Azi orOfierLowr . Att tm e oft s tng, fi e Low r l rn d hr aene . z fc y he i he hoo i O fc r y wa t cl es pe s t Pl i ifa s wasanumberoff e a y fo Pl i if I i undi put d s he os t r on o antf nd he e t wa r m antf . t s s e t tOfi e Lowr hadnotye dr wnherwe pon. Ofi erSc t nhei e wasffee t t ry f e ha fc r y t a a tc hote m r it n o hit e t a yfom Pli if Aloundiputd i t tPl ntf s i heha aknie- af c t tOfi rLowr wa r antf. s s e s ha ai if a d d f - a t ha fce y s i s r pe e l y f a 1t hea . ad he e atd oudl or l o r The e a e diput i s off cton t sr or t tpr cl t Cour fom fndi t t r r s ed s ues a hi ec d ha e ude he t r i ng ha Of e S h te heme a tdo j cieyra o a l I i u ce ro t i rc r wheh rPlitf fc r c otn i r ce be t l e s n by. t s n la n h s e o d te anif v r ce ved a wa ni f om Of i e Sc t e i e pr or t bei s , whehe De e n kne e i r ng r f c r ho t nhe m r i o ng hot t r f nda t w Pli ifha aknie, twast dit ncea antf d f wha he sa mongt i vi spr e , whe Pl i ifdr d he ndi dual es nt n antf oppe t knie whehe t knieco dbeco us f ar ve , orwhe he t Pli ifwase c pi he f , t r he f ul nf ed or evol r t r he a ntf s a ng. The ti - -ac m us de de t s f c ua is t de e m i whe he Def nda i e il d t reroff t t ci he e a t l s ues o t r ne t r e nt s ntte o q aiidi ni .S ePr it7 F2 a 1 7 - 4( 1hCi. 9 5 (fimigs mmayj d me t u lfe mmu t e ut, 71 .d t 4 7 8 1 t r 1 8 ) afr n u r u g n y i f vorofpl n if ani hti bur lr s pe twho hadbee s ta trher us dt obe or r n a aitf , g tme g a y us c n ho fe ef e o y de t so te i ) Acf 7 2 F. a 1 48(e n i dr ce v r ita d h l i tej r c u d o t p l eng ; of 6 2d t 5 rma dng ie td ed c n o dng h u y o l 9 c ncu et a awanngfo ted fn a tt t panifwa f a il) o ld h t r i r m h ee d n o he litf s e sb e . M o e r whe ba a i t s ope oft i r i n on Pli tf, fve g ho wo r ove , n l ncng he c he ntuso a n if i uns t unds , a i tt gove ment l i e es i pr eci t publc, t Co tca gans he m a nt r t n ot tng he i he ur nnot fnd a s ma y i t um r j udgme t tt baa etpsi fvo oft Dee nti t sc e.Thi i es cal tuei aca e ntha he lnc i n a r he fnda n hi as s s pe ily r n s whe ei i undipu e ha a n if sno omm itngac i i vi t i ldi or hr t ned r ts s t dt tpli tf wa tc ti rme nvol ng he nfi on t eae i lc i ofs i ph i lha m t t publc. nfi ton erous ysca r o he i TheCour r cogni st tOfi rSc t nmeiri c r t ha onc apolceofk e e oys te ze ha fce hote e s orec t t e i t r mpl teu eo d a y fre h i j tfe t c n iu frn t e d as v r tr a t p bi s ft h s f e dl o c , e s usiid o o tn e ig o n e e e h e t o u lc aey. Plmh fi1 4 S. .a 2 2 . Unl ePlmh fi h Co r d e n tfndt er c r s p rsa u of 3 Ct t 0 2 i u of t e u t o s o i h e o d u po t k h dn a s mmayj d me tta Cad rn' %lg t po e ag a ers t p b i s ft .Ag i , olig t u r u g n h t lei s d ih' s d rv ik o u lc aey an f ' Cal rnhadnot nc mitngac i i vi t i lc i ort e t ne i lc i ofs rous de i bee om ti rme nvol ng he nfiton hr a e d nfiton e i phys c l ha m a hi fi t cons s e of onl a f w s e i t o i a r nd s lgh it d y e t ps n he ppos t diec i . C Je ie r ton / an- Ba it 6 F. a 8 ( di anofie ne dno i er ptavole ofbulesi ac ewhee ptse, 27 3d t 22 hol ng fc r e t ntru ly lt n as r t pl nifwasamedwih arvol ra hadcommitdaname rbbey) Acc di y,t he aitf r t e ve nd te r d o r . or ngl he Co r d cie t g a ts mmayj d me t nq aiidi nt a dfn i i aq e to f rhe u t e l s o rn u r u g n o u lfe mmu iy n i ds t s u si n o t n Jly. tr e' DONE AND ORDERED i Cha r a M im i Fl i ,t s n mbe s t a , orda hi da ofJ y une, 4. 201 A' ' . , Copi spr vi d t e o de o: Couns lofRec d e or 10 g; r FED O A .M REN O I TED STA TES D I STRI J D GE CT U
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
