Jean et al v. T-N-T Farms, Inc. et al, No. 1:2010cv22467 - Document 76 (S.D. Fla. 2011)
Court Description: ORDER granting 63 Motion to Certify Class. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 11/15/11. (tp)
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Jean et al v. T-N-T Farms, Inc. et al Doc. 76 UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA CASE NO.1 22467. V- TZ/ M ONTON 0CI SEl SI VERTI J LE EAN,e J/ / . , Pli if , a ntfs VS. J OHN C.TORRESE, tal, e . De e nt f nda s / O RD ER G R AN TI G M O TI N FO R C LA SS C ER TI CA TI N N O FI O Thi materi be or t Cour o Pl i if 'M oton f De l r ton ofaCl sAc i s t s f e he t n antfs i or c a a i as ton ( 6 1 De e d n sh ven tûld ar s o eb t a a re t tesiultdfcss p o t g DE- 3 . fn a t a o e e p ns u h ve g e d o h tp ae a t u p ri n t m oton.Thi a ton a ie fom Def nda s alege f iur t pa wage i vi a i oft he i s c i rs s r e nt ' l d al e o y s n olton he Mirnta Seaona AgrculurlW or rPr e tonAc ( PA) 29U. C.j 1 1 e s q. ga nd s l i t a ke otci t AW , S. 80 , t e , a dteF i La o S a d r sAc ( A) 2 U. C. 2 , f e .t a o c re d rn t n h ar b r tn ad t FLS , 9 S. j 01 e s q ,h t c u rd u ig he 2009- 0 be n ha ve ti s h M i miDa Count Fl i Be aus t Pl i if ha 201 a r s n out a - de y, orda. c e he antfs ve s ts d aloft r r m e sofFe r Rul o Ci lPr e e23,t M oton f a ife 1 he equie nt de al e f vi oc dur he i or Deca aton ofa Cl sAci n i g ant wih t m odii a i n t tt cls m e be sbe lr i as to s r ed, t he fc to ha he a s m r wo ke sf nihed by Sa J r r ur s n udasTa o Tr ns r,l . de a po t nc I@ Fact Backgroundl ual Def nda T- - Far s I .ope a e a f m t e pl d t Pl ntf s a ot e nt N T m , nc r t d ar hat m oye he ai i f nd her mi r ntors s la rc t a wor r .De e ga ea ona g i ulur l ke s f ndant ErcSc tTores a J Clnt n s i ot r e nd ohn i o l he ef t a eba ed ont alegai i t Amende Compl nt t Stpultonsof ' s acs r s r he l tons n he d ai , he i a i Fa tg 63-qfl byt pa te i r ai t t M oto frCl sCe ttc ton,a t c DE- 1 ied he ris n elton o he in o as rii ai nd he Afi vi ofAr ndoGua muz( 63- . fda t ma dn DE- 21 Dockets.Justia.com Tores a et c owne sofT- T Fa m s Thi a ton wa br r e r he or N- r . s c i s oughtby 49 s as e onalf r am wor r , ke s who wor d a T- T Fa m sdurngt 2009- bea ha v ts a on. The Pli if ke t N- r i he 10 n r es e s antfs a lge i Coun Ioft Ame d Com pli t t durngt 2009- 0 be n ha ves s s t le n t he nde a nt ha , i he 1 a r t ea on,he De e nt vi a e AW PA by no c f nda s olt d t ompl ng wih ispr sonsr ar ng r cor ke pi yi t t ovii eg di e d- e ng, wa sa e e s a pa e ofwa .Pl ntfsal i Count1 oft Amende Compli ge tt m nt, nd ym nt ges ai if lege n 1 he d ant t De e nt vi ae t FLSA' mi mum wagepr s o .Pl ntfs Am e d Co pli hat f nda s ol td he S ni ovii ns ai if ' nde m a nt s e smo eayd ma e , e lrt r rle , n ij n tv rle . e k n tr a g s d caao y eif a d n u cie eif A.Pr vso o h Wo k r ByS nJ d sT d o T a s r o iin fte r e s a u a a e r npo t TheAm e d Compl nta l est tDe enda spa dt Pl i if a t put tvecas nde ai leg ha f nt i he antfs nd he ai l s membe sl st n t f r lmi mum wa f rt i wor asbea pi r durngt 2009- 0 r es ha he ede a ni ge o her k n cke s i he 1 be n ha ve ts as The moton t ce tf i ntfe 32 oft 49 Pli if ascl s a r s e on. i o riy de iis he antfs as r pr e ai s Thes pr pos cl sr e e ai swe epa tofagr ofove 300 be n e es nt tve . e o ed as epr s nt tve r r oup r a pike ss i d t Def nt du i t 2009 1 bea ha ves by Sa Ju sTa Tr ns t c r upple o enda s rng he -0 n r t n da deo a por, I .Th mao i o wo k r pr vd dt De e d n sb Sa J d sTa e Tr n po t r nc e j rt f r es o i e o fn a t y n u a d o a s r wee y e oy ha ha ve tng be .Howe r s eoft wor r pr de by Sa J mpl ed nd- r si ans ve , om he ke s ovi d n udasTa o de Trns o t r e a iu g r, wh s o d te weet weg teb x so b a sfle b te a p r wo k d s s g es' o ej b u is r o ih h o e f e n i d y h l ' l piker . TheCour a s e t tt s venten Pl i if notname ascl sr pr e a i we e c s t s um s ha he e e antfs d as e es nttves r e t rl ihe ugger ordo notwih t becls rpr s nt i . s s o a s e e e atves Durng t 2009- 0 ha ve ts as Sa J i he 1 r s e on, n udasTa o Tr ns r pr de tans ra i t de a po t ovi d r po tton o s m e, notal,oft wo ker who we ee pl ye aspike sand l r s eoft wo ke s o but l he r s r m o d c r ugge s; om he r r r c uie by Sa J e r td n udasTade Tr ns tpr vi d t i o ta pora i t t te d orma o a por o de her wn r ns tton o he i l de t i own a r ng m e sf rta pora i Onc t wor e i biiy ofwor r r c uie by San her ra e nt o r ns tton. e he k lgi lt ke s e r t d J udasTa o Tr ns r wa e t bls d,he wor r wer pl e on T- - Fa m s pa ol a de a po t s sa ihe t ke s e ac d N T r ' yr l s e oy sofT- T Fa m s Al oft wor r who we eplce on pa ol we epai wih Tmpl ee N- r . l he ke s r a d yr l r d t NT Fa m s c cks r he . B.M eho o lua ig Pa n t d fca c ltn yme t Thebea pi r f nihe t T- T Fa m sby Sa J sTa o Tr ns twe epad on n cke s ur s d o N- r n uda de a por r i api er t ba i f t rwor a ar t of$3. pe box.T- T Fa m sc ec a e s s or hei k, t ae 65 r N- r omputd t we kl e he e y e r ngsoft piker bas on daa c lc e by Ar a Gua m uz, n e oye ofT- T a ni he c s ed t ole t d m ndo da a mpl e NFa m s T- T Fa m spr de Gua r . N- r ovi d damuzwih f m son whih he e e e daa s t or c nt r d t howi t ng he i vi ua bea pi r 'picer t pr uc i whih i t numbe ofboxesha ve t d, t ndi d l n cke s e ae od ton, c s he r r se and he ho swor d by e chpi rdurng t pa r lperod.Gua muzwasa s s ur ke a cke i he y ol i da lo uppos d t r co d e o e r t a t lsa tng a soppi tm e ofe c pike , hedi notdo s Theda ar co de b he c ua t ri nd t ng i s a h c r but d o. t e r d y Gua muz wase e e i o T- T Fa m s pay ol s t r pr a whih c l ul t e c da nt r d nt N- r ' r l ofwa e ogr m, c a c aed a h wor rse ni a wilhol ngs A1 ofT- T Fa m s wa cacultonsf t wor s ke ' ar ngs nd tl di . 1 N- r ' ge l a i or he ker pr de by San J sTa Tr ns twe em a ba e on t daapr ded by Gua ovi d uda deo a por r de s d he t ovi damuz. Fora be n pikerwhos we kl pice r e e ni di note e t m i mum wa ny a c e e y e -at ar ngs d xc ed he ni ge of$7. pe hourf t hou swor d,asr co de by Guada 25 r or he r ke e r d muz,T- T Fa m s s t r N- r ' ofwa e pr a wo d a oma ialy s pplm e t wor rsgr spi e-at e r ngss t hi o he ogr m ul ut tc l u e nt he ke ' os ec r e a ni o hat s r r we kl g os wa spad woul e lt m i m u wa T- - Far s'r co dsc nfr t t e y r s ge i d qua he ni m ge. N T m e r o im ha t num be ofboxe Gua m uzr po td t ha bee piked e e t numbe ofboxes he r s da e re o ve n c quald he r r eve i T- T Fa m s wa e e. ec i d n N- r ' r hous Guad uz di nota t ly kee ta oft hour w or by t pi r . l t a am d c ua l p r ck he s ked he cke s ns e d, Guada uz us a f m ul t ca c a e t pi ker 'hour . The f m ul as um ed t te c pi ke m ed or a o l ul t he c s s or a s ha a h c r 3 pikedt bo sa hour c wo xe n .Gua m uzobt i dt num be ofboxe piked byea h wor rfom da ane he r s c c ke r e o esofSanJ sTa o Tr ns r,who r co ded t num be ofboxe pikedpe wor r mpl ye uda de a po t e r he r s c r ke . Ba ed on t num be ofboxespi ke perwor rand t a s s he r c d ke he s umpto t te h wor rpike i n ha ac ke c d t boxe pe hour Gua m uzwoul r cor t hour wor d a c e t s a tng a soppi wo s r , da d e d he s ke nd r a e t ri nd t ng tm est m a c t hour . Thus a pi ke w ho pi ke l s t n t o bo s a ho w oul ha i o t h he s , c r c d es ha w xe n ur d ve ls tm er c dedt n heors a t ly wor d. Gua m uzus d t sf mul t e tm ae t e s i e or ha he c ual ke z da e hi or a o si t he tme wo ke f aloft pike se e t ve y f tpike swho pike m a boxe i one da i r d or l he c r xc pt he r as c r c d ny sn y be a eusng t f mul wo d r ul i t ewor r bei r c ded a ha ng wor d a c us i he or a ul es t n hos ke s ng e or s vi ke n unr s bl hi num be ofhour ea ona y gh r s. Gua m uzalo r co de t hour wor d by t l r pr de by Sa J sTa o da s e r d he s ke he ugge s ovi d n uda de Tr ns ta t tdat wasus d by T- T Far t cacult t wage f t l r .The a por nd ha a e Nms o l a e he s or he ugge s l r f nihe t T- T Fa by Sa J ugge s ur s d o N- nns n udasTade Tr ns twe epai a t r t of$8. o a por r d t he ae 00 p hou . Guada er r muz r c de t acualsa tng a s o ng tm e f t l e or d he t tri nd t ppi i s or he ugger a t tdaa s nd ha t wasi nputi o T- T Far s t r pr am,whih c c a e e c l r spa and nt Nms' ofwa e ogr c alult d a h ugge ' y wihhol ngs t di . Acc di t Guada or ng o muz, os pi ke swor dappr m a ey t s m enumbe ofhou s m t c r ke oxi t l he a r r t tt l ge swor d.The e or t pi ke s'tuehou swor d coul be r a ona y ha he ug r ke r f e, he c r r r ke d e s bl e tm aed b l ki a t num be ofhour wo ked byt l ge s l s a tm et tl ge s si t y oo ng t he r s r he ug r , e s ny i ha ug r we epad f rdrvi t bus st t fe d. r i o i ng he e o he i l 2 e m pl i awor ronl pi ke one box a hourf ei hour , damuzwoul For xa e, f ke y c d n or ght s Gua d rc dt t pike hadwor f f rhour ( boxesdi de b 2bo spe hour f t e or hathat c r ked or ou s8 vi d y xe r ) or he da y. 4 C. The L ii i tgaton Pl ntfss k t c riyt f l ng cas ai if ee o e tf he olowi l s: A1 mi a a s s lag iulur lwor r ,asde i d by t AW PA, 1 gr nt nd ea ona rc t a ke s fne he who we e r empl yed a be n pi ke son t o r tonsoft De e nt a a tme durng t o s a c r he pe a i he f nda s t ny i i he 2009- 0 M i miDadeCount bea ha ve t extndi fo a o m a eyNove r 1 1 a y n r s , e ng r m ppr xi t l mbe 5, 2009t oug M a 1 201 a who we e pa d f rt sl hr h y 5, 0, nd r i o hi aborby c ksdr wn o t hec a n he ac c ountofT- - Fa m s l N T r , nc. Pli if s k t ha 32 oft 49 na antfs ee o ve he med Pl i if de i t d c a sr e e a i s nn ey: antfs sgna e l s epr s nt tve , m l Ve tl J n,Ar M a l i Anea, i t n Anius Fr nc s M a i Be ie,M a i J an rie ea ne de ene l Prnso l , a oie re auz l re e ne Coa Ca e, ai M a t Ca e, lnd Cao Coo , se eAra eCait, ai J e ls d tM re rhe d tYra e j u ln Gy ln in lx e M re ose Calxt,Ca i e deusChaeus J l neChe el ,Daesi Che e a ,Sior Conte r M a i 1 l , usai r us l tn r nf nt f t r ke , re . Desuis u,St Ge usDufes J quei Exie,M areJ i Fl i Pir eN .Fl uro, r sea . l r ne, ac lne l i olna euro, e r e i J annet Fr nci e, i Ge i J a M ihe J une,Ch it J e M e anc aJ e Anie e te a m Norus ln, e n c l e zson os ph, r i os ph, t La ous e,Ede J e M a r Ant i teOge i,J a Fe i Phii ,J a mi Pi re, iaca br s l os ph ya d, onet rs e n lx lus e r de e r M r i Al xi Se ve,Se niudeRo e Ti ,Ni l sZi ra Vil ndi rZi r e s r r t m us ma co a do nd la e do . Durng t 2009 1 bea ha v ts s n,T- T Fa msha c ewswor ng t fedst i he - 0 n r es ea o N- r d r ki he i l hat we enotpr de by San J sTa Tr ns t Pl i if havenotpr vi a i onuai n r ovi d uda deo a por. antfs o ded ny nf to r r ng how t wor snotpr vi d by Sa J sTa Tr ns twer c pe a e ega di he ker o de n uda deo a por e om ns t d. Thes i vi l a enoti ude i t cl s e ndi duas r ncl d n he as . I A nal s I. ysi A . Pl ntf s Ha St ndi t Pu s t A W PA Cl m ai i f ve a ng o r ue he ai Prort de e ni wheherapr e c a sm e t t r quie e sofFe a Rul of i o t nni ng t opos d l s e s he e r m nt der l e Ci lPr dur 23, diti cou tmus fr tdee mi whet rt c as r pr e a i has vi oce e a srct r t is tr ne he he l s e es nttve Ar i e 11s a ng t r i e t c as c ai s Ve r T- obie USA,I . 564 F. 1 tcl 1 t ndi o a s he l s l m . ga . M l nc s 3d 256,1 265 ( 1hCi. 09) Pr st nmanc r lPr v Bu h,221F. 1 1 ( 1hCi. ) 1 t r 20 ; ado- ei x e. ado . s 3d 266, 279 1 t r 2000 . Th s ( p an ifmus alg a ds o t a h p ro al s fr dij r . Gr nv Du ge , u ,t litf t l e n h w h t e e s n l ufe e n u y' @ . g r a e y ' 823F. 1 1 2( t Ci.1 ) 2d 476, 48 11h r 987 . Hee t eei n q e to t a teb a pc e Pli tfss fee t esmeij r a te r ,h r s o u si n h t h e n ik r anif u frd h a nu y s h pr e cl s Thehour f a1 oft piker we ec l ul e usng a2 box perho f r a, opos d as . s or 1 he c s r a c atd i ur o mul r r es oft ac ua num be ofhour wor ega dl s he t l r s ked. Furhe mor o pe s Ar t r e, ne r on, mando Gua muz, da wasr ponsbl f r c di t tme ofa1oft bea pike spr ded t De enda sby Sa es i e or e or ng he i 1 he n c r ovi o f nt n J sTade Tr por.A sar s t t s uda o ans t e ul,he ame f r ul oft bo sa hourwasus d t c o m a wo xe n e o omput e t hour wor d f a1oft b n pike spr de by Sa J sTa a Tr ns t i l di he s ke or 1 he ea c r ovi d n uda de a por, nc u ng t pr e c a sr pr s nt i esandt put tvec a sm e be s Thus t Pli if ha he opos d l s e e e atv he ai l s m r . , he a ntfs ve s fee t es meij r a t ep o o e ca sme e swh weep o d dt Dee d n sb Tu fr d h a n u y s h r p s d ls mb r o r r vie o fn a t y N - Fa m sa ha sa ng t brngt sa i n. T r nd ve t ndi o i hi cto Thepr e ca s howe r i ude albe n piker a T- T Fa m sdu i t 2009opos d ls , ve , ncl s l a c s t N- r rng he 1 ha v s s as t tw o d i udet ebe n pi ke spr de b Sa J sTa Tr ns t 0 r e t e on; ha ul ncl hos a c r ovi d y n uda deo a por pl o he be n pike s Howe r Pl ntfsha notpr de a evi ncer ga di t us t r a c r . ve , ai if ve ovi d ny de e r ng he m eho f cacultng t pa ntofbe n pike snotpr de by Sa J t d or l a i he yme a c r ovi d n udasTa o Tr ns r. de a po t Thus t r i no e de et tt ot rbe n pi ke swe ecompe a e i t s m ame . , he e s vi nc ha he he a c r r ns t d n he ame l r Th rf r ,t so yce rta Pli if h v s fee tesmeij r a tos b a p c esta eeo e ii nl la h t antfs a e u fr d h n n u y s h e e n ik r h t Sa J sTa Tr ns t ovi d.A c or ngl t pr e cls mus bem odii d as n uda deo a por pr de c di y, he opos d a s t fe f l s olow Al mi r ta s s na ag iulur lwor r ,asde i d by t AW PA, l g an nd ea o l rc t a ke s fne he who we : r f r ih dt De n a t b J nJ d sT d o T a s r, n .wh we ee o e a b a u ns e o # d ns y a u a a e r npo tI c, o r mply d s e n pike so t ope ai oft De e nt a a tmedurng t 2009- 0 M im iDa c r n he r tons he f nda s t ny i i he 1 a - de 6 Coun y be n har s , xt ndi f o a oxi a e y N ove be 15, t a ve t e e ng r m ppr m t l m r 2009 t ough M a 15, hr y 201 a who wer pa d f t sl borbyche ksdr on t a ountofT- - Fa ms 0, nd e i or hi a c awn he cc N T r , I nc. Thus t be n pikerPli if ha sa ng t brng t saci on be foft r dei d , he a c antf s ve t ndi o i hi ton hal he e fne put tve cl s . ai a s B.TheRe r m e sofRul 23( )HaveBe n M e quie nt e a e t Purua t Rul 23() prort ce tfc i ofaca s f l pr e st mus beme . s nt o e a, i o riiaton ls ,otr erquiies t t The a e: y r ( )t eca si s n me o st a j id ro al mb r i i r cia l; 1 h ls s o u r u h t on e f 1me es s mp a tc be ( )t eeaeq eto so 1w o fc c mmo t teca s 2 h r r u sin f a r a t o n o h ls; ( t camso defns soft rpr s nttvepate aet c oft camsor 3) he li r e e he e e e ai ris r ypial he li def ns oft cl s a e es he as ; nd ( t r prs nttvepa teswilfil anda qu el pr e tt i ee t oft cas 4) he e e e ai ri l ary de at y otc he ntrss he l s. Fe R. v.P. a.Asstou i mo edealbeo t s prrquiieshavebee me. d Ci 23() e t n r ti lw,hee ee st n t N umerosiy t Rue2 ()1 rq rsta teca ssz b s c ta j nd ro a1 mbesi l 3 a( ) e uie h t h ls ie e u h h t oi e f 1me r s i pr c i abl Ge a l t es t n t m a tc e. ner ly, i s ha went one i i de t ,m or t f t a l ys na qua e e han ory dequa e,wih t t numbesbewe nvari a c di t ot rfco s' Co v Amerc Cas lon'f Co.784 r t e yng c or ng o he a tr .' x . ian t r p: , F. 1 1 ( 1h Ci.1 (iain o ted) He e t pate ha si aedt tSan 2d 546, 553 1 t r 986) ctto mit . r ,he ris ve tpult ha J sTade Tr por pr ded Def nda si exc sof300 be n pike sdurng t 2009- 0 uda o ans t ovi e nt n es a c r i he 1 ha ve ts s Furhe m o e t cam soft i vi lm e be sa er l tve y s ala m a r s ea on. t r r , he li he ndi dua m r r e a i l m l nd ny do nots k Engls tue l m a ng i unlkel t tt y w oul f l i vi ls t a i t pea ih l nty ki t i y ha he d ie ndi dua uis ga ns Dee f ndan s Thus t num e ost r r m e hasbee m e . t. , he r iy equie nt n t 7 Co n Qu sin o J o Fa t mmo e to s fL w r c Rul 2 a ( rq ie t a t eeb c mmo is e o fc o lw.Ther l, o ve, e 3()2) e ur s h t h r e o n s u s f a t r a ue h we r doe no r quiet ta 1oft que to of1 w o f c r ie becomm on. Co 784F. a s t e r ha 1 he si ns a r a t as d x, 2d t 1 557. l t a c ns e d, omm onalt r uie t tt a ton i nvol is t tar s ce i et c a s iy eq r s ha he ci s ve s ues ha e us ptbl o l s i wi pr . Mura v Au l r 2 F. 807,811(11hCi. ) Her,c de oof' ' ry . sande , 44 3d t r 2001. e ommon q tonsoff c e s be a e Pl i if al get tDe e nt f ie t a uesi a t xit c us antfs le ha f nda s a ld o dequa ey r co d tl e r Pl i if 'wor nghour .A1 ofPli if 'hour we e r c de bya sngl pe s usng t antfs ki s 1 antfs s r e or d i e r on i he s me me hod. Thus t ea e c n t , her r omm on is esoff c r r ng a lPl ntfsa a1 pu a i su a t ega di l ai if nd 1 t tve cas me be s Pli tfsa s as e t ha ,a l as one c l s m r . a n if lo s r t t t e t omm on is ofl w e ss ast Cour s ue a xit , he t wilha t de e m i whe he De e nt 'AW PA vi ai we ei e i unde t saut l ve o t r ne t r f nda s oltons r nt ntonal r he t t e. Thus t c , he omm ona iyr r m e hasbe n me . lt equie nt e t T pi alt y c i y Unde Rul 23()3) t cli oft rpr s nttvepa te mus bet c loft cli r e a( ,he ams he e e e ai ris t ypia he ams oft membe soft c a s Thus t pi a iy r f r t t i vi lc r ctrsi oft name he r he l s . , y c lt e e s o he ndi dua ha a e itcs he d pli ifi r lton t t cls . Ve 56 F. a 1 antf n ea i o he a s ga, 4 3d t 275.TheEl nt Cic thasdes i d eve h r ui crbe t pi alt asa y c iy a ne bew e n t c a sr pr e ai sc am sordef ns sa t c mon q tons xus t e he l s e es nt tve' l i e e nd he om uesi o f c orl w whi h uniet c a s A s fc e ne i e t bls d i t cai sor f at a c t he l s . uf i nt xus s sa ihe f he l m de e esoft c a sa t cl s r pr s nt tve a i e f om t s m e eve orpa t r or f ns he l s nd he a s e e e a i r s r he a nt te n pr tc and a eba ed on t s m el lt or Ty caiy, aci e r s he a ega he y. pi lt howeve ,doesnotr quie r e r i ntc c am sorde e e .A f t va i ton wilno r nde ac a sr pr s nt tve' de ial l i f ns s acual rai l t e r l s e e e ai s cl m a y c unl s t f c ua poston oft r pr e a i m a kedl dif r fom t t ai t pial e s he a t l ii he e es nt tve r y fe s r ha ofot rm e be s oft cl s he m r he as . Ko nb r v Car v CruieLi s I . 7 F. 1 1 ( 1hCi.1 4) s ealoPr r e g . nial s ne, nc, 41 2d 332, 337 1 t r 98 ; e s adoSt nman, 1 F. a 1 n. 4. ThePl i if c a m sa t cl s c a m s a e al ba e on t ei 22 3d t 279 1 a ntf s' l i nd he as l i r l s d he 8 D e e nt 'tm e e ng pr c i es i l ng Ar a G ua m uz' tm e e ng m et . f nda s i ke pi a tc , nc udi m ndo da s i ke pi hods Thus t ba i oft named Pl i if 'c am si t s me a t bassoft cas c am s Bot ,he ss he antfs l i s he a s he i he l s l i . h t na he medPl i if 'a t c a sm e r 'cli sa ebas o t s m e c antfs nd he l s mbe s am r ed n he a onduc o tf De e nt and Gua muz- i pr rtme e ng.Cons que ty, antfsha e t bls d f nda s da m ope i ke pi e n l Pl i if ve sa ihe t ca iy. ypi lt Ad qu yo oe t o a sl tr ss e ac fpr tci fcls ne e t on Thels prr quiieofRul 23( i t tt cas rpr enttvesf rya a quaey a t e e st e a) s ha he l s e es ai ail nd de tl pr t tt i er ssoft ca . The a qua y ofr pr e a i a l i r quie t i re . o ec he nt e t he lss de c e es ntton nayss e r s wo nquiis' i 1 wheheranys tnta co lcsofi e ete s bewe t rpr s nttve a t cas ; $) t ( ubsa il nfit ntr s xit t en he e e e ai s nd he l s a ( whehe t rpr s nai wila uael pr ec et a ton. Vale Dr g Co.v nd 2) t r he e e e ttves l deq t y os ut he ci ' ly u ' . Ge v Ph mac tcal,I .350F. 11 ,11 ( 1hCi.2003) A f me a c lc of ne a ar eui s nc, 3d 81 89 1 t r . unda ntl ontit i e es e sswhe e s ecls m e r cl me t beha m e by t s ntr t xit r om a s mbe s ai d o r d he ame c onduc t t t ha be ist cl sr pr e ai .I He e no s h c lc e ss A1 member oft c a s neft he as e es nt tves d r , uc onfit xit . l s he l s wilbene i fom Pli tfs pr e uton oft sa ton. Al m e r oft cas aswe last l ft r a n if ' os c i hi c i 1 mbe s he l s, l he c a sr pr e a i s, l be i fom t r lefs l s e es nt tve wil neft r he e i oughtby r evi dn a sf AW PA ec i ng m ge or vi atons.Pl ntf sa Pl i if c ol i ai if nd antfs' ouns lwilade t y pr ec et sac i Pl ntfs e l quael os ut hi ton. ai if ' c elhasr pr entd m i a wor si nume ousm at r ,i l ng cl sa tons. Thus t ouns e es e gr nt ker n r te s nc udi as c i 3 , he l tpr r st t brngi acls a ton ha be n m e . as e equiie o i ng a s ci s e t 3 s c esi l Mor e- arov.F d Ypi Staw,I .350F. 11 ( 1h ' e as ncude: ant Nav r rhe : ne r nc, 3d 63 1 t Ci. r 2003) Na e - ciav Pe oFami Far ,LLC,2009W L 1 ; polsAr l . r l ms y 585970( D.Fl J 4, S. a. une 2009) Mor no- pi s v. dr Pr t,l .247F. D.686( D. a 2007) Siv ; e Es no a J JAg oducs nc, R. S. Fl. ; laAr i v Te Ex es l . 222F. D 684( . Fl.2004) raga . xas pr s, nc, R. M D. a . 9 C.TheRe r m e sofRul 23( ( Ha Be M e guie nt e b)3) ve en t I or rt o ai c a sc tfc ton, pli ifm us s n de o bt n l s erii a i a antf t how t tt pr r st ss touti ha he e equiie e n Rul 23()ha be nme a t toneoft atr tverquie nt ofRul 23( ha bee e a ve e t nd ha he lenai e rme s e b) ve n me.Pik t v l waBefpr es r , 0 F.d 1 6 1 7 ( 1hCi. 0 0 .l ti c s , t c et . o e oc so s 2 9 3 27 , 2 9 1 t r 2 0 ) n h s ae Pl ntfsmovef cls c riiai unde Rul 23( ( , c sae t tacl sa tonma be ai if or a s e tfc ton r e b)3)whih tts ha as ci y m a nt i i : i a ned f t c tfndst tt que tonsofl orf tco mon t cas m e r pr domi t he our i ha he si aw ac m o l s mbe s e nae ove a q si afeci o y i vi lm e r ny ue tons f tng nl ndi dua mber ,a t ta cas a i i s ror s nd ha l s cton s upe i t oh ra albemeh d f rfil a de fce t a j d c tn tec nr ves The o t e v ia l t o s o ary n fiin l du iai g h o to ry. y m at r pe tne t t efndi i ude: te s ri nt o hes i ngs ncl ( t cas me r'ntr t i i vi lyc r lngt pr e utonor A) he l s mbe si eess n ndi dual ontoli he osc i def ns ofs pa a ea i ; e e e r t ctons ( t e e a naur ofa ltgai co eni t co r s ara B) he xtnt nd t e ny ii ton nc r ng he ntovery le dy beg b orag ns cl sme be s un y ai t as m r ; ( t d srb lyo u d sr bl yo c n e rtn t l i to o t ecamsi C) he e ia ii r n e ia it f o c ntaig he i gain f h li n t i t t pa tc a f um ;a he riulr or nd ( t lkeydifc te i ma gi aca saci D) he i l fiulis n na ng ls ton. Fe R. v.P. b)3 .Asdic s di mo edealbeow,Pl ntfsha me t r uie nt d. Ci 23( ( ) s us e n r ti l ai if ve t he eq r me s ofRul 23( ( . e b)3) Co nQu sin o J a dFa t e o n t mmo e t s fL w n c Pr d miae o Un e Rul 2 ( )3 ,th is e i t ca sa to t a aes b e tt g n rlz dprof d r e 3 b ( ) d e su s n he ls cin h t r u j c o e eaie o , t a dtu a pia l t t eca sa awhoe mu t e o n t o e t s is e ta aes be t n h s p lc b e o h ls s l, s prd miae v r ho e s u s h t r u j c o yt i vi lz pr .'Jackv v Mot 6Muli pos,l . 1 F.d 999,1 ( 1h nl o ndi duaied oof' on . el tpur e nc, 30 3 005 1 t Ci.1 (iai omitd) deemi i a is prdomi ts ac tmus c i rwha r 997) ctton te .To tr ne f n sue e nae , our t onsde t vauet r ol i oft cls - deis wilha i e c cas me be ' unde l ng c e of l he es uton he a swi s ue l ve n a h l s m r s ryi aus a ton.Rutti v Avi Re - carS tms I .211F.d 1 1 ( 1hCi. ci sen . s ntA- yse nc, 3 228, 234 1 t r 2000) I t s . n hi c s ,c mon que tonsoflw a f tpr dom i e.Pl ntfsar t tDe enda sus d t a e om si a nd ac e nat ai if gue ha f nt e he s metm e e ng me hod f al oft c a sm e a i ke pi t or 1 he l s mber a i f c , e t s m epe s t s nd, n a t us d he a r on o r co dt tmef ralo t cl sm e r . Thus t r s uto ofa l li s i l ng e r he i o 1 f he as mbe s , he e ol i n ny ega s ues nvo vi t stme e ngpr e ewilbe e c l t s m ef a1 oft m e hi i ke pi oc dur l xa ty he a or 1 he mber oft cls . The s he a s r s uto oft sis wilbe ftaloft m e r oft c a seq ly. The e o e t c a s e ol i n hi s ue l nei l he mbe s he l s ual r f r , he l s l alis ss ume t i vi lonesand r s uton oft cas is wilr ol t eg s ue ubs he ndi dua e ol i he l s s ues l es ve he i vi lis .Addii l Pli tfspoi outt tt s me mehod m a beus d t ndi dua s ues tonaly, a n if nt ha he a t y e o c l ult t wa unde - y e sofa 1oft me be soft cas .Furhe a c a e he ge rpa m nt 1 he m r he l s t nuor Pl i if e, antfs s k s a ut y dn age unde A W PA w ih r ga d t t r cor ke pi a w age s a e e ee t t or m s r t e r o he e d- e ng nd t t m nt c am s Cons que l Pli if ha e tbls d t tc mon quesi ofl w a f c li . e nty, antfs ve sa ihe ha om tons a nd a t pr dom i e. e nat Cls Acini S pe irt Ote Meh d o a s to s ' ro o h r to s fAWu ia in u d c to I ode t c tf acl sunde Rul 23( ( ,ac tmus fndt t$ cas a i i n r r o eriy as r e b)3) our t i ha $ l s cton s a s p ro t oh ra albemeh dsf rtefi a d etce ta j d c to o t ec nto es . I u e ir o te v i l to o h ar n fi in du iain f h o r v ry' n a ' ma ngt sde e mi ton,ac r s d c i rt non- xcus vef ct ss outi t r e; ki hi t r nai ou t houl onsde he e l i a or et n he ul ()t ca sme er'i e e t i i vi lyc r lngt pr e i ordee eofspart 1 he ls mb s ntr ss n ndi dual ontoli he oscuton fns e ae a tons ( t e e a nat eofa ltgai c er ngt c r ryar dyb ci ; 2) he xtnt nd ur ny ii ton onc ni he ontoves lea egunbyo r a i tcl sme r;( t de iabiiyo unde ia lt ofco e rtngt ltgatonoft gans as mbes 3) he sr lt r srbiiy nc ntai he ii i he cai i t pa tc a f um;a ( t lkeydifc te i ma gi acls a ton. l ms n he riulr or nd 4) he i l fiulis n na ng a s ci Co i rng t s f ct sladst t concus o t ta cas aci n i t s rorm ehod of nsde i he e a or e o he l i n ha l s to s he upe i t a j diain. du c to The fr tf c orwei i f vorofcl s c r ii ato Gi n t tm os oft c a s is a t ghs n a a s e ttc i n. ve ha t he l s me be sa enotpr i i i Engls a a ei ge ,a t tt i vi r co i wilbe m r r ofcent n ih nd r ndi nt nd ha he ndi dual e veres l r l tve y s a l i s e sunlkel t tt c as m e be s woul w a t m uc l sc d, c r e ai l m l,t e m i y ha he l s m r d nt o, h es oul ontol t rown a ton.Thes ond f c ora s we g i f vorofc a sc rik ai Ther ha be n hei ci ec a t lo i hs n a l s e tt ton. e ve e no ot rlws t fl d by me be soft put tvec a s he a uis ie m r he ai l s .Thet r f ct we g i f vorofc a s hid a or i hs n a ls teame be us t Def nda sar l t i t sd src ,t evi nc i l at i t s r t nt ca e he e nt e ocaed n hi itit he de e s oc ed n hi diti t a m a oft Pli if a el a e i t sditi t Thel tf c ordoesnotdif vor src, nd ny he antfs r oc t d n hi src . as a t sa c a stea m e . N o pos i e a i s r tve i s ha be n pr ent d a t Cour do no l s r t nt s bl dm nit a i s ues ve e es e nd he t es t f r s ea t woul ca ea r aldifc t Furher or r s vi t l ali s i t s o e e ny hat d us ny e fiuly. t m e, e ol ng he eg s ues n hi mat raspm'ofac as a ton wo d l d t e onom isoftme efo t a e ns f t te t l s ci ul ea o c e i , f r , nd xpe e or he pa tes a t Cour .Thus t s rort r r m e ha be n m e . ri nd he t , he upe i iy equie nt s e t Acc di y,ti he e or ngl i s r by ORDERED t tPli if'Motonf De aai ofaCls Aci ( 63qi ha antfs i or clrton a s ton DE- s GRANTED wih am odii a i oft cas de i ton. The de i to oft cas s l be: t fc ton he l s fnii fnii n he l s ha l A l m i r n a s s na ag i ulur lw or r ,asde i d by t AW PA , ho w e e 1 g a t nd ea o l r c t a ke s f ne he w r f nihed t De e an sb J n J asTa Tr ns t I , ur s o f nd t y a ud deo a por, nc.who we e e oye a be n r mpl d s a pi ke son t o r tonsoft Def nt a a tm edurng t 2009- 0 M im iDa c r he pe a i he enda s t ny i i he 1 a - de Count be n ha ve t e e ng fom a oxi a eyNovembe 1 2009 t r h M a 1 y a r s, xt ndi r ppr m t l r 5, h oug y 5, 201 and who we epad f t slborby c ksdr wn on t a countofT- - Far s 0, r i or hi a hec a he c N T m , l nc. ooxsa doRosu o i a ,- rd ,hs z d yo xo mb r 2011. n nvimisl ia ti s a r ve e, o ' . . PA T Cl A . El A UNI TED STA TES D I STRI J D GE CT U A 1 Co elofRec d 1 uns or
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