Bebitz Flanges Works Private Ltd. v. United States, No. 18-00224 (Ct. Int'l Trade 2020)

Annotate this Case

Download PDF

6OLS 2S 81,7(' 67$7(6 &2857 2) ,17(51$7,21$/ 75$'( %(%,7= )/$1*(6 :25.6 35,9$7( /,0,7(' 3ODLQWLII Y 81,7(' 67$7(6 'HIHQGDQW DQG &2$/,7,21 2) $0(5,&$1 )/$1*( 352'8&(56 'HIHQGDQW ,QWHUYHQRU %HIRUH 0DUN $ %DUQHWW -XGJH &RXUW 1R 3XEOLF 9HUVLRQ 23,1,21 $1' 25'(5 >6XVWDLQLQJ WKH 8 6 'HSDUWPHQW RI &RPPHUFH¶V ILQDO GHWHUPLQDWLRQ LQ WKH FRXQWHUYDLOLQJ GXW\ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI VWDLQOHVV VWHHO IODQJHV IURP ,QGLD @ 'DWHG 0DUFK 3HWHU - .RHQLJ 6TXLUH 3DWWRQ %RJJV 86 //3 RI :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU 3ODLQWLII %HELW] )ODQJHV :RUNV 3ULYDWH /LPLWHG *HRIIUH\ 0 /RQJ 7ULDO $WWRUQH\ &RPPHUFLDO /LWLJDWLRQ %UDQFK &LYLO 'LYLVLRQ 8 6 'HSDUWPHQW RI -XVWLFH RI :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU 'HIHQGDQW 8QLWHG 6WDWHV :LWK KLP RQ WKH EULHI ZHUH -RVHSK + +XQW $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -HDQQH ( 'DYLGVRQ 'LUHFWRU DQG 7DUD . +RJDQ $VVLVWDQW 'LUHFWRU 2I FRXQVHO RQ WKH EULHI ZDV 9DQLD :DQJ $WWRUQH\ 2IILFH RI WKH &KLHI &RXQVHO IRU 7UDGH (QIRUFHPHQW DQG &RPSOLDQFH 8 6 'HSDUWPHQW RI &RPPHUFH RI :DVKLQJWRQ '& 'DQLHO % 3LFNDUG 6WHSKDQLH 0 %HOO DQG &\QWKLD & *DOYH] :LOH\ 5HLQ //3 RI :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU 'HIHQGDQW ,QWHUYHQRU &RDOLWLRQ RI $PHULFDQ )ODQJH 3URGXFHUV &RXUW 1R 3DJH %DUQHWW -XGJH 7KLV DFWLRQ LV EHIRUH WKH FRXUW RQ 3ODLQWLII %HELW] )ODQJHV :RUNV 3ULYDWH /LPLWHG¶V ³%HELW]´ PRWLRQ IRU MXGJPHQW RQ WKH DJHQF\ UHFRUG FKDOOHQJLQJ WKH 8 6 'HSDUWPHQW RI &RPPHUFH¶V ³&RPPHUFH´ RU ³WKH DJHQF\´ ILQDO GHWHUPLQDWLRQ LQ WKH FRXQWHUYDLOLQJ GXW\ ³&9'´ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI VWDLQOHVV VWHHO IODQJHV IURP ,QGLD See Stainless Steel Flanges From India )HG 5HJ 'HS¶W &RPPHUFH $XJ ILQDO DIILUPDWLYH >&9'@ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ DQG ILQDO DIILUPDWLYH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI FULWLFDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV ³Final Determination´ (&) 1R DQG DFFRPSDQ\LQJ ,VVXHV DQG 'HFLVLRQ 0HP & $XJ ³, ' 0HP ´ 35 %HELW] FKDOOHQJHV &RPPHUFH¶V IDLOXUH WR JUDQW %HELW]¶V H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVWV LQ IXOO UHMHFWLRQ RI %HELW]¶V VXSSOHPHQWDO &9' TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVSRQVH DV XQWLPHO\ DQG XVH RI WRWDO DGYHUVH IDFWV DYDLODEOH ³$)$´ WR GHWHUPLQH %HELW]¶V &9' UDWH See generally %HELW] 2SHQLQJ %U ³%HELW]¶V 0HP ´ (&) 1R 'HIHQGDQW 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ³WKH *RYHUQPHQW´ DQG 'HIHQGDQW ,QWHUYHQRU &RDOLWLRQ RI $PHULFDQ )ODQJH 3URGXFHUV ³&$)3´ HDFK ILOHG UHVSRQVHV LQ VXSSRUW RI &RPPHUFH¶V GHWHUPLQDWLRQ See 'HI ¶V 5HVS WR 3O ¶V 0RW IRU - RQ WKH $JHQF\ 5 ³*RY¶W¶V 5HVS ´ (&) 1R 5HVS %U RI 'HI ,QW &RDOLWLRQ RI $PHULFDQ )ODQJH 3URGXFHUV ³&$)3¶V 5HVS ´ (&) 1R 7KH DGPLQLVWUDWLYH UHFRUG IRU WKLV FDVH LV GLYLGHG LQWR D 3XEOLF $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 5HFRUG ³35´ (&) 1R DQG D &RQILGHQWLDO $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 5HFRUG ³&5´ (&) 1R 3DUWLHV VXEPLWWHG MRLQW SXEOLF DQG FRQILGHQWLDO DSSHQGLFHV FRQWDLQLQJ UHFRUG GRFXPHQWV FLWHG LQ WKHLU EULHIV See 3XEOLF 5 $ RI 'RFXPHQWV (&) 1R DQG $P 3XEOLF 5 $ RI 'RFXPHQWV (&) 1R &RQILGHQWLDO 5 $ (&) 1R 7KH FRXUW UHIHUHQFHV WKH FRQILGHQWLDO YHUVLRQ RI WKH UHOHYDQW UHFRUG GRFXPHQWV XQOHVV RWKHUZLVH VSHFLILHG &RXUW 1R 3DJH )RU WKH UHDVRQV GLVFXVVHG EHORZ WKH FRXUW GHQLHV %HELW]¶V PRWLRQ DQG VXVWDLQV &RPPHUFH¶V Final Determination -85,6',&7,21 $1' 67$1'$5' 2) 5(9,(: 7KH FRXUW KDV MXULVGLFWLRQ SXUVXDQW WR VHFWLRQ $ D % L RI WKH 7DULII $FW RI DV DPHQGHG 8 6 & D D % L DQG 8 6 & F 7KH FRXUW ZLOO XSKROG DQ DJHQF\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ WKDW LV VXSSRUWHG E\ VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH DQG RWKHUZLVH LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK ODZ 8 6 & D E % L %$&.*5281' ,Q $XJXVW &RPPHUFH UHFHLYHG D FRXQWHUYDLOLQJ GXW\ SHWLWLRQ IURP &$)3 UHJDUGLQJ VWDLQOHVV VWHHO IODQJHV IURP ,QGLD DQG VKRUWO\ WKHUHDIWHU WLPHO\ LQLWLDWHG D &9' LQYHVWLJDWLRQ See Stainless Steel Flanges from India and the People’s Republic of China )HG 5HJ 'HS¶W &RPPHUFH 6HSW LQLWLDWLRQ RI &9' LQYHVWLJDWLRQV 35 7KH SHULRG RI LQYHVWLJDWLRQ ZDV FDOHQGDU \HDU Id. 2Q 2FWREHU &RPPHUFH VHOHFWHG %HELW] DV D PDQGDWRU\ UHVSRQGHQW LQ WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ See 5HVSRQGHQW 6HOHFWLRQ 0HP 2FW DW ± &5 35 $OO FLWDWLRQV WR WKH 7DULII $FW RI DV DPHQGHG DUH WR 7LWOH RI WKH 8 6 &RGH DQG UHIHUHQFHV WR WKH 8 6 &RGH DUH JHQHUDOO\ WR WKH HGLWLRQ +RZHYHU WKH 7UDGH 3UHIHUHQFHV ([WHQVLRQ $FW ³73($´ 3XE / 1R ± 6WDW ± PDGH VHYHUDO DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH DQWLGXPSLQJ DQG FRXQWHUYDLOLQJ GXW\ ODZV 6HFWLRQ RI WKH 73($ DPHQGHG 8 6 & H See 73($ 7KH 73($ DPHQGPHQWV DIIHFW DOO DQWLGXPSLQJ GXW\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQV PDGH RQ RU DIWHU $XJXVW See 'DWHV RI $SSOLFDWLRQ RI $PHQGPHQWV WR WKH $QWLGXPSLQJ DQG &RXQWHUYDLOLQJ 'XW\ /DZV 0DGH E\ WKH 7UDGH 3UHIHUHQFHV ([WHQVLRQ $FW RI )HG 5HJ 'HS¶W &RPPHUFH $XJ $FFRUGLQJO\ DOO UHIHUHQFHV WR 8 6 & H DUH WR WKH DPHQGHG YHUVLRQ RI WKH VWDWXWH &RXUW 1R 3DJH 2Q 2FWREHU &RPPHUFH LVVXHG D &9' TXHVWLRQQDLUH WR %HELW] See &9' 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 2FW ³,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH´ 35 ,Q VHFWLRQ ,,, RI WKH TXHVWLRQQDLUH &RPPHUFH LQVWUXFWHG %HELW] WR LGHQWLI\ FRPSDQLHV ZLWK ZKLFK LW LV DIILOLDWHG SXUVXDQW WR 8 6 & DQG WR ³GHVFULEH LQ GHWDLO WKH QDWXUH RI WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ >%HELW]@ DQG >LWV DIILOLDWHV@ ´ Id. ,,, S &RPPHUFH IXUWKHU LQVWUXFWHG %HELW] WR SURYLGH D FRPSOHWH TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVSRQVH IRU DIILOLDWHV WKDW DUH FURVV RZQHG DQG SURGXFH WKH VXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVH Id. ,,, S &RPPHUFH H[SODLQHG WKDW ³FURVV RZQHUVKLS H[LVWV EHWZHHQ WZR RU PRUH FRUSRUDWLRQV ZKH>Q@ RQH FRUSRUDWLRQ FDQ XVH RU GLUHFW WKH LQGLYLGXDO DVVHWV RI WKH RWKHU FRUSRUDWLRQ V LQ HVVHQWLDOO\ WKH VDPH ZD\V LW FDQ XVH LWV RZQ DVVHWV ´ Id. FLWLQJ & ) 5 E YL &RPPHUFH DGYLVHG %HELW] WKDW LW ZDV ³UHVSRQVLEOH IRU LGHQWLI\LQJ DOO FURVV RZQHG DIILOLDWHV´ DQG LI %HELW] ZDV ³XQFOHDU DV WR ZKLFK FRPSDQLHV PXVW EH LQFOXGHG LQ >%HELW]¶V@ UHVSRQVH ´ WKHQ %HELW] ³PXVW QRWLI\ >&RPPHUFH@ LQ ZULWLQJ ZLWKLQ GD\V RI WKH GDWH RI WK>H@ TXHVWLRQQDLUH ´ Id. ,,, SS ± &RPPHUFH VHW 2FWREHU DV WKH GHDGOLQH IRU %HELW]¶V LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI LWV DIILOLDWHV DQG 1RYHPEHU DV WKH GHDGOLQH IRU WKH UHPDLQGHU RI WKH TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVSRQVH LQFOXGLQJ WKH UHVSRQVH RI DQ\ FURVV RZQHG DIILOLDWHV Id. FRYHU SDJH %HELW] WLPHO\ UHTXHVWHG DQ H[WHQVLRQ WR 2FWREHU WR UHVSRQG WR WKH SRUWLRQ RI WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH UHJDUGLQJ %HELW]¶V DIILOLDWHV %HELW] ([W 5HTXHVW WR $QVZHU &URVV 2ZQHG 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 2FW 35 &RPPHUFH SDUWLDOO\ JUDQWHG WKH H[WHQVLRQ WR 2FWREHU $IILOLDWHG &RV 5HVS 'HDGOLQH ([W 2FW 35 2Q 2FWREHU %HELW] VXEPLWWHG LWV UHVSRQVH See generally &RXUW 1R 3DJH %HELW] 5HVS WR 6HF ,,, &URVV 2ZQHG 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 2FW ³%HELW]¶V $IILOLDWLRQ 5HVS ´ &5 35 7KHUHLQ %HELW] DVVHUWHG WKDW LW KDG QR FURVV RZQHG DIILOLDWHV Id. DW ± ,Q WKDW VDPH UHVSRQVH %HELW] DFNQRZOHGJHG WKDW 9LUDM 3URILOHV /LPLWHG ³9LUDM´ ZDV SDUW RI D ³3HUVRQDO )DPLO\ *URXSLQJ´ DQG D ³>S@URGXFHU RI VXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVH ´ Id. ([ 2Q 1RYHPEHU &$)3 ILOHG FRPPHQWV DUJXLQJ WKDW %HELW]¶V UHVSRQVH ZDV GHILFLHQW EHFDXVH LQ UHOHYDQW SDUW %HELW] IDLOHG WR DGHTXDWHO\ H[SODLQ ZK\ LW GLG QRW UHSRUW 9LUDM DV D FURVV RZQHG DIILOLDWH LQ OLJKW RI LQIRUPDWLRQ WR WKH FRQWUDU\ &$)3¶V $IILOLDWLRQ &PWV DW ± &$)3 VXJJHVWHG WKDW &RPPHUFH ³VKRXOG GLUHFW %HELW] WR SURYLGH D IXOO TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVSRQVH IRU 9LUDM´ DQG DGGLWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ ³HDFK DIILOLDWHG SDUW\ ´ Id. DW %HELW] GLG QRW UHVSRQG WR &$)3¶V $IILOLDWLRQ &RPPHQWV 2Q 1RYHPEHU %HELW] VXEPLWWHG LWV ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVSRQVH WKDW LQFOXGHG VHYHUDO H[KLELWV EXW GLG QRW LQFOXGH D UHVSRQVH RQ EHKDOI RI 9LUDM DV D FURVV RZQHG FRPSDQ\ See generally /WU 7R 6HF¶\ IURP %HELW] 1RY (&) 1R 2QH H[KLELW FRQWDLQHG %HELW]¶V ILQDQFLDO VWDWHPHQWV QRWH RI ZKLFK SURYLGHG ³>> @@´ DQG SDUW $ E WKHUHLQ LGHQWLILHG ³>> @@ ´ Id $QQH[ S ,GHQWLILHG RQ WKDW OLVW LV >> @@ Id 6SHFLILFDOO\ &$)3 FLWHG HYLGHQFH RI WKH IDPLO\ DQG EXVLQHVV UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ WKH WZR FRPSDQLHV SUHVHQWHG LQ D 8 6 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 7UDGH &RPPLVVLRQ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ WZR DUWLFOHV GLVFXVVLQJ WKH FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ %HELW] DQG 9LUDM DQG %HELW]¶V RZQ UHSRUWLQJ LGHQWLI\LQJ 9LUDM DV SDUW RI D ³3HUVRQDO )DPLO\ *URXSLQJ´ DQG D SURGXFHU RI VXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVH See 3HW¶UV¶ &PWV RQ %HELW]¶V $IILOLDWHG &RV 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 1RY ³&$)3¶V $IILOLDWLRQ &PWV ´ DW ± &5 35 &RXUW 1R 3DJH 1RWH SDUW % IXUWKHU OLVWV WKH YDOXH RI UHODWHG SDUW\ WUDQVDFWLRQV GXULQJ WKH ILVFDO \HDU LQGLFDWLQJ WKDW %HELW] SXUFKDVHG >> @@ ,QGLDQ UXSHHV LQ JRRGV DQG PDWHULDOV IURP >> @@ Id. $QQH[ S 7KLV YDOXH UHSUHVHQWV PRUH WKDQ >> @@ SHUFHQW RI WKH WRWDO FRVW RI PDWHULDOV %HELW] FRQVXPHG GXULQJ WKDW \HDU >> @@ ,QGLDQ UXSHHV Id. $QQH[ S )RXU GD\V ODWHU RQ 1RYHPEHU &RPPHUFH LQVWUXFWHG %HELW] WR SURYLGH D ³FRPSOHWH TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVSRQVH IRU 9LUDM´ DQG ³D GHWDLOHG GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH QDWXUH RI >HDFK DIILOLDWH¶V@ EXVLQHVV´ ³LGHQWLI\ WKH RZQHUV GLUHFW DQG LQGLUHFW GLUHFWRUV ERDUG PHPEHUV DQG PDQDJHUV IRU HDFK >DIILOLDWH@ DQG IRU %HELW]´ DQG GHVFULEH LQ GHWDLO %HELW]¶V UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK HDFK DIILOLDWH See 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH IRU $IILOLDWLRQ 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 1RY ³6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH´ DW 35 ,I %HELW] FODLPHG ³WKDW DQ >DIILOLDWH@ LV QRW FURVV RZQHG ´ WKHQ %HELW] ZDV WR ³SURYLGH D GHWDLOHG GHVFULSWLRQ RI ZK\ VXFK WUHDWPHQW LV DSSURSULDWH ´ Id. &RPPHUFH VHW D GHDGOLQH RI 1RYHPEHU IRU %HELW]¶V UHVSRQVH Id. DW ± 2Q 1RYHPEHU %HELW] VXEPLWWHG LWV ILUVW UHTXHVW IRU DQ H[WHQVLRQ RI WLPH WR 'HFHPEHU WR UHVSRQG WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH See %HELW] ([W 5HTXHVW WR $QVZHU &URVV 2ZQHG 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 1RY 35 &RPPHUFH JUDQWHG %HELW]¶V UHTXHVW LQ SDUW H[WHQGLQJ WKH GHDGOLQH WR 1RYHPEHU )LUVW 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH RI $IILOLDWHG &RV 5HVS 'HDGOLQH ([W 1RY 35 2Q 1RYHPEHU %HELW] PDGH D VHFRQG UHTXHVW IRU DQ H[WHQVLRQ WR 'HFHPEHU %HELW] /WU WR &RPPHUFH DV WR %HELW] 6XSSO 45 ([W 5HTXHVW 1RY 35 &RPPHUFH JUDQWHG WKLV UHTXHVW LQ SDUW IXUWKHU H[WHQGLQJ WKH &RXUW 1R 3DJH GHDGOLQH WR 'HFHPEHU )LUVW 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH RI $IILOLDWHG &RV 5HVS 6HFRQG 'HDGOLQH ([W 1RY ³6HFRQG ([W ´ 35 2Q 'HFHPEHU %HELW] ILOHG D WKLUG UHTXHVW IRU DQ H[WHQVLRQ WKLV WLPH WR 'HFHPEHU %HELW] /WU WR &RPPHUFH DV WR %HELW] 6XSSO 45 ([W 5HTXHVW 'HF 35 &RPPHUFH GHQLHG %HELW]¶V WKLUG H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW )LUVW 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH RI $IILOLDWHG &RV 5HVS 7KLUG 'HDGOLQH ([W 5HT 'HF 35 2Q 'HFHPEHU DW S P PLQXWHV EHIRUH WKH S P GHDGOLQH %HELW] ILOHG D IRXUWK H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW DVNLQJ WKDW WKH GHDGOLQH EH H[WHQGHG XQWLO WKH QH[W GD\ 'HFHPEHU %HELW] /WU WR &RPPHUFH DV WR %HELW] 6XSSO 4 5 ([W 5HTXHVW 'HF 35 7KDW QH[W GD\ RQ 'HFHPEHU EHJLQQLQJ DW D P %HELW] VXEPLWWHG LWV UHVSRQVH WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HMHFWLRQ RI 6XSSO 5HVS 'HF ³6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ´ DW 35 &RPPHUFH UHMHFWHG %HELW]¶V 'HFHPEHU VXEPLVVLRQ H[SODLQLQJ WKDW &RPPHUFH GLG QRW UHVSRQG WR %HELW]¶V IRXUWK H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW EHFDXVH LW ³ZDV ILOHG VKRUWO\ EHIRUH WKH GHDGOLQH´ DQG &RPPHUFH ³GLG QRW KDYH VXIILFLHQW WLPH WR FRQVLGHU WKH UHTXHVW ´ Id &RPPHUFH IXUWKHU H[SODLQHG WKDW EHFDXVH %HELW] ILOHG LWV H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW ZLWKRXW DOORZLQJ VXIILFLHQW WLPH IRU WKH DJHQF\ WR UHVSRQG EHIRUH WKH GHDGOLQH %HELW]¶V VXEPLVVLRQ ZDV GXH E\ D P RQ 'HFHPEHU DQG %HELW] IDLOHG WR PHHW WKDW GHDGOLQH Id. DW ± 7KXV SXUVXDQW WR VHFWLRQV DQG RI &RXUW 1R 3DJH &RPPHUFH¶V UHJXODWLRQV WKH DJHQF\ UHMHFWHG %HELW]¶V VXEPLVVLRQ DV XQWLPHO\ DQG GLG QRW UHWDLQ D FRS\ LQ WKH UHFRUG Id. DW 2Q 'HFHPEHU %HELW] UHTXHVWHG WKDW &RPPHUFH UHFRQVLGHU LWV UHMHFWLRQ RI WKH VXEPLVVLRQ )LUVW 5HFRQV 5HT 2Q 'HFHPEHU &RPPHUFH UHMHFWHG %HELW]¶V UHTXHVW DQG LWV DVVHUWLRQ WKDW WKH DJHQF\ KDG QRW DIIRUGHG %HELW] VXIILFLHQW WLPH WR SURYLGH WKH UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ See 5HVS WR )LUVW 5HFRQV 5HT DW &RPPHUFH QRWHG WKDW %HELW] KDG GD\V WR UHVSRQG WR WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH GD\V SOXV D ILYH GD\ H[WHQVLRQ DQG DGGLWLRQDO GD\V WR DQVZHU WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH Id &RPPHUFH H[SODLQHG WKDW %HELW] ZDV ³IXOO\ DZDUH RI WKH FRQVHTXHQFHV RI XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQV ´ Id )LQDOO\ &RPPHUFH QRWHG WKDW DOWKRXJK %HELW] UHTXHVWHG WKDW &RPPHUFH DFFHSW LWV XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ %HELW] KDG QRW GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW LW PHW WKH ³H[WUDRUGLQDU\ FLUFXPVWDQFHV´ VWDQGDUG IRU DQ XQWLPHO\ H[WHQVLRQ DV SURYLGHG LQ & ) 5 F Id DW -XVW RYHU D PRQWK ODWHU RQ -DQXDU\ &RPPHUFH LVVXHG LWV SUHOLPLQDU\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ See generally Stainless Steel Flanges From India )HG 5HJ &RPPHUFH DOVR VWDWHG WKDW LW UHMHFWHG WKH VXEPLVVLRQ DV LQFRPSOHWH EHFDXVH WKH VXEPLVVLRQ UHIHUHQFHG H[KLELWV ³QRQH RI ZKLFK ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH ILOLQJ ´ 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ DW %HELW] DUJXHG WKDW LW KDG VXEPLWWHG DOO H[KLELWV See %HELW] /WU WR &RPPHUFH DV WR %HELW] 5HVS WR 5HMHFWLRQ /WU 'HF ³)LUVW 5HFRQV 5HT ´ 35 &RPPHUFH DOVR VDLG WKDW %HELW] IDLOHG WR VXEPLW D SXEOLF YHUVLRQ RI LWV VXEPLVVLRQ See 5HVS WR 5HFRQV 5HT 'HF ³5HVS WR )LUVW 5HFRQV 5HT ´ DW 35 %HELW] FODLPHG WKDW SXUVXDQW WR WKH ³RQH GD\ ODJ UXOH ´ &RPPHUFH KDG DOUHDG\ UHMHFWHG WKH VXEPLVVLRQ EHIRUH WKH SXEOLF YHUVLRQ ZDV GXH %HELW] 5HSO\ WR 3HWLWLRQHU DQG &RPPHUFH /WUV -DQ DW 35 FLWLQJ & ) 5 F &RPPHUFH GLG QRW UHO\ RQ PLVVLQJ H[KLELWV RU WKH ODFN RI D SXEOLF YHUVLRQ LQ WKH ,VVXHV DQG 'HFLVLRQ 0HPRUDQGXP see , ' 0HP DW ± DQG WKH SDUWLHV KDYH QRW UDLVHG WKHVH LVVXHV EHIRUH WKH FRXUW &RXUW 1R 3DJH 'HS¶W &RPPHUFH -DQ SUHOLP DIILUPDWLYH &9' GHWHUPLQDWLRQ SUHOLP DIILUPDWLYH DQG DOLJQPHQW RI ILQDO GHWHUPLQDWLRQ ZLWK ILQDO DQWLGXPSLQJ GXW\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ ³Prelim. Determination´ 35 'HFLVLRQ 0HP IRU WKH 3UHOLP 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ LQ WKH &9' ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ IRU 6WDLQOHVV 6WHHO )ODQJHV IURP ,QGLD -DQ ³3UHOLP 'HFLVLRQ 0HP ´ 35 7KHUHLQ &RPPHUFH SUHOLPLQDULO\ IRXQG WKDW LW GLG QRW KDYH D ³FRPSOHWH DQG DFFXUDWH GHSLFWLRQ RI WKH FRPSDQ\¶V FRUSRUDWH VWUXFWXUH´ DQG %HELW] GLG QRW LGHQWLI\ ³ZKLFK FRPSDQLHV LW LV SURYLGLQJ UHVSRQVHV IRU LQ LWV UHVSRQVH ´ 3UHOLP 'HFLVLRQ 0HP DW &RPPHUFH DOVR SUHOLPLQDULO\ IRXQG WKDW 9LUDM ZDV FURVV RZQHG ZLWK %HELW] DQG 9LUDM LV D SURGXFHU RI VXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVH ³WKDW H[HUFLVHV VLJQLILFDQW LQIOXHQFH RYHU %HELW] ´ Id. DW 3RLQWLQJ WR LWV UHMHFWLRQ RI %HELW]¶V ODWH VXEPLVVLRQ DQG LWV GHQLDO RI %HELW]¶V UHTXHVW IRU UHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ &RPPHUFH IRXQG WKDW QHFHVVDU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ ZDV QRW RQ WKH UHFRUG DQG %HELW] KDG ZLWKKHOG UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ Id. DW ± &RPPHUFH IXUWKHU IRXQG WKDW %HELW] IDLOHG WR FRRSHUDWH WR WKH EHVW RI LWV DELOLW\ VXFK WKDW DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH ZDV ZDUUDQWHG Id. %DVHG RQ WKHVH SUHOLPLQDU\ ILQGLQJV &RPPHUFH DVVLJQHG %HELW] D SUHOLPLQDU\ &9' UDWH RI SHUFHQW XVLQJ DGYHUVH IDFWV DYDLODEOH Prelim. Determination )HG 5HJ DW ,QWHUHVWHG SDUWLHV ILOHG FRPPHQWV ZLWK &RPPHUFH UHJDUGLQJ WKH SUHOLPLQDU\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ See generally &$)3¶V 5HEXWWDO %U -XO\ &5 35 %HELW]¶V &DVH %U -XO\ ³%HELW]¶V &DVH %U ´ 35 %HELW] DUJXHG WKDW &RPPHUFH HUUHG LQ GHQ\LQJ LWV H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW DQG XVLQJ $)$ WR GHWHUPLQH LWV SUHOLPLQDU\ &9' UDWH %HELW]¶V &DVH %U DW ± &RXUW 1R 3DJH ,Q LWV Final Determination &RPPHUFH FRQILUPHG LWV SUHOLPLQDU\ GHFLVLRQ WR XVH $)$ WR GHWHUPLQH %HELW]¶V &9' UDWH , ' 0HP DW &RPPHUFH DJDLQ IRXQG ³WKDW 9LUDM LV D VXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVH SURGXFHU>@ WKDW LV FURVV RZQHG ZLWK %HELW] VLQFH 9LUDM H[HUFLVHV VLJQLILFDQW LQIOXHQFH RYHU %HELW] ´ Id. DW LQWHUQDO TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV RPLWWHG FLWLQJ 3UHOLP 'HFLVLRQ 0HP DW %HFDXVH %HELW] GLG QRW UHVSRQG WLPHO\ WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH &RPPHUFH IRXQG WKDW WKH UHFRUG ODFNHG DFFXUDWH DQG UHOLDEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ %HELW]¶V DIILOLDWHV DQG WKXV &RPPHUFH DSSOLHG IDFWV DYDLODEOH WR GHWHUPLQH ³ZKLFK RWKHU SRWHQWLDO FURVV RZQHG FRPSDQLHV LI DQ\ VKRXOG KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG´ DQG ³ZKLFK VXEVLG\ SURJUDPV ZHUH XWLOL]HG ´ Id DW &RPPHUFH IRXQG WKDW DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH ZDV ZDUUDQWHG EHFDXVH ³%HELW] IDLOHG WR FRRSHUDWH E\ QRW DFWLQJ WR WKH EHVW RI LWV DELOLW\ WR FRPSO\ ZLWK >WKH DJHQF\¶V@ UHTXHVWV IRU QHFHVVDU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ ´ Id. DW $V D UHVXOW &RPPHUFH LQIHUUHG WKDW %HELW] DQG 9LUDM EHQHILWHG IURP WKH SURJUDPV VXEMHFW WR &RPPHUFH¶V LQYHVWLJDWLRQ ³ZLWK WKH H[FHSWLRQ RI FHUWDLQ QHZO\ DOOHJHG VXEVLGLHV SURJUDPV IRU ZKLFK %HELW] DQG 9LUDM SURYLGHG WLPHO\ DQG FRPSOHWH UHVSRQVHV ´ id. DW DQG WKDW WKH EHQHILW WR %HELW] IURP WKH LQFRPH WD[ UHGXFWLRQ SURJUDPV ZDV WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ QR LQFRPH WD[ DQG WKH VWDQGDUG LQFRPH WD[ UDWH IRU FRUSRUDWLRQV i.e SHUFHQW IRU WKH FRPELQHG LQFRPH WD[ SURJUDPV id. DW see also 3UHOLP 'HFLVLRQ 0HP DW $V D UHVXOW RI DGMXVWPHQWV PDGH IURP WKH Preliminary Determination &RPPHUFH DVVLJQHG D ILQDO &9' UDWH WR %HELW] RI &RPPHUFH LQFRUSRUDWHG LWV $)$ ILQGLQJV IURP WKH 3UHOLPLQDU\ 'HFLVLRQ 0HPRUDQGXP LQWR WKH ILQDO ,VVXHV DQG 'HFLVLRQ 0HPRUDQGXP See , ' 0HP DW &RXUW 1R 3DJH SHUFHQW EDVHG RQ $)$ See Final Determination )HG 5HJ DW , ' 0HP DW ',6&866,21 , &RPPHUFH¶V 'HQLDO RI DQ ([WHQVLRQ RI 7LPH $ /HJDO )UDPHZRUN $V UHOHYDQW WR WKLV FDVH &RPPHUFH¶V UHJXODWLRQV SURYLGH WKDW LI D SDUW\ UHTXHVWV DQ H[WHQVLRQ RI WLPH EHIRUH WKH SHUWLQHQW GHDGOLQH H[SLUHV WKH DJHQF\ PD\ H[WHQG WKDW GHDGOLQH XQOHVV H[SUHVVO\ SUHFOXGHG E\ VWDWXWH XSRQ D VKRZLQJ RI ³JRRG FDXVH ´ & ) 5 E ,I D SDUW\ ILOHV DQ H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW DIWHU WKH H[SLUDWLRQ RI WKH GHDGOLQH WKH UHTXHVW ³ZLOO QRW EH FRQVLGHUHG XQOHVV WKH SDUW\ GHPRQVWUDWHV WKDW DQ H[WUDRUGLQDU\ FLUFXPVWDQFH H[LVWV ´ Id F ,I D SDUW\ IDLOV WR FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH WLPH OLPLWV VHW E\ &RPPHUFH WKHQ WKH DJHQF\ ³ZLOO QRW FRQVLGHU RU UHWDLQ LQ WKH RIILFLDO UHFRUG RI WKH SURFHHGLQJ´ WKH XQWLPHO\ VXEPLWWHG PDWHULDO Id G :KHQ D SDUW\ VXEPLWV DQ H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW ZLWKRXW DOORZLQJ VXIILFLHQW WLPH IRU &RPPHUFH WR UHVSRQG EHIRUH WKH GHDGOLQH WKH VXEPLVVLRQ PXVW EH ILOHG E\ D P WKH IROORZLQJ ZRUN GD\ Extension of Time Limits )HG 5HJ 'HS¶W &RPPHUFH 6HSW ILQDO UXOH ³>$@EVHQW FRQVWLWXWLRQDO FRQVWUDLQWV RU H[WUHPHO\ FRPSHOOLQJ FLUFXPVWDQFHV ´ WKH FRXUW ³ZLOO GHIHU WR WKH MXGJPHQW RI >WKH@ DJHQF\ UHJDUGLQJ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH DJHQF\ UHFRUG ´ Dongtai Peak Honey Indus. v. United States ) G %HELW] LV QRW FKDOOHQJLQJ WKH $)$ UDWH LWVHOI RU WKH PDQQHU LQ ZKLFK &RPPHUFH GHWHUPLQHG WKDW UDWH RWKHU WKDQ WKH UHOLDQFH RQ DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH &RXUW 1R 3DJH )HG &LU FLWDWLRQV RPLWWHG $GGLWLRQDOO\ ³>L@Q RUGHU IRU &RPPHUFH WR IXOILOO LWV PDQGDWH WR DGPLQLVWHU´ WKH &9' ODZ ³LW PXVW EH SHUPLWWHG WR HQIRUFH WKH WLPH IUDPH SURYLGHG LQ LWV UHJXODWLRQV ´ Id TXRWLQJ Yantai Timken Co. v. United States &,7 ) 6XSS G aff’d ) $SS¶[ )HG &LU % 3DUWLHV¶ &RQWHQWLRQV %HELW] FRQWHQGV WKDW &RPPHUFH DEXVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ E\ IDLOLQJ WR DFFHSW WKH FRPSDQ\¶V ODWH ILOLQJ RU JUDQW LWV H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVWV LQ IXOO See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± %HELW] VXEPLWV WKDW ³>W@KH REOLJDWLRQ DQG FORFN IRU %HELW] WR DQVZHU DV WR 9LUDM GLG QRW EHJLQ >WR UXQ@ XQWLO &RPPHUFH VSHFLILFDOO\ DVNHG 9LUDM LQ SDUWLFXODU WR DQVZHU´ DQG WKH VWDQGDUG IRU FURVV RZQHUVKLS RU FRQWURO DV SURYLGHG LQ WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH LV DPELJXRXV Id. DW ± see also 3O %HELW] 5HSO\ %U ³%HELW]¶V 5HSO\´ DW (&) 1R %HELW] DOVR FRQWHQGV WKDW &RPPHUFH VKRXOG KDYH DFFHSWHG LWV VXEPLVVLRQ EHFDXVH WKH QHHG IRU DQ DFFXUDWH &9' UDWH RXWZHLJKV WKH QHHG WR VWULFWO\ DGKHUH WR WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHDGOLQHV IRU WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± see also %HELW]¶V 5HSO\ DW FODLPLQJ WKDW &RPPHUFH¶V SXUSRUWHG GHOD\ LQ LVVXLQJ WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH LQGLFDWHV WKDW ³&RPPHUFH ZDV QRW FRQFHUQHG DERXW VWDWXWRU\ GHDGOLQHV´ 7KH *RYHUQPHQW UHVSRQGV WKDW %HELW] KDG VXIILFLHQW WLPH WR SURYLGH WKH UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ *RY¶W¶V 5HVS DW ± see also &$)3¶V 5HVS DW ± 7KH *RYHUQPHQW VXEPLWV WKDW &RPPHUFH PXVW EH DOORZHG WR HQIRUFH LWV GHDGOLQHV DQG %HELW]¶V 5HSO\ LV QRW SDJLQDWHG DQG WKXV WKH SDJH QXPEHUV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR %HELW]¶V 5HSO\ UHIHU WR WKH (&) SDJH QXPEHUV &RXUW 1R 3DJH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVWV *RY¶W¶V 5HVS DW see also &$)3¶V 5HVS DW ³&RPPHUFH LV XQGHU QR REOLJDWLRQ WR SHUPLW FRPSDQLHV WR SURYLGH TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVSRQVHV RQ D WLPHOLQH RI WKHLU RZQ FKRRVLQJ ´ 7KH *RYHUQPHQW FRQWHQGV WKDW %HELW] ZDV PDGH DZDUH RI LWV REOLJDWLRQ WR SURYLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ 9LUDM LQ WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ZKLFK XQDPELJXRXVO\ VWDWHV WKDW %HELW] ³LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU LGHQWLI\LQJ DOO FURVV RZQHG DIILOLDWHV ´ *RY¶W¶V 5HVS DW ± TXRWLQJ ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ,,, SS ± see also &$)3¶V 5HVS DW ± & 6XEVWDQWLDO (YLGHQFH 6XSSRUWV &RPPHUFH¶V 5HMHFWLRQ RI %HELW]¶V 8QWLPHO\ 6XEPLVVLRQ %HELW] FRQWHQGV WKDW LQ UHMHFWLQJ LWV XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ &RPPHUFH DEXVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ E\ SULRULWL]LQJ WKH QHHG IRU ILQDOLW\ RYHU WKH DJHQF\¶V REOLJDWLRQ WR GHWHUPLQH WKH PRVW DFFXUDWH &9' PDUJLQ %HELW]¶V 0HP DW FLWLQJ Wuhu Fenglian Co. v. United States &,7 ) 6XSS G 7KH UHFRUG LQGLFDWHV RWKHUZLVH &RPPHUFH JUDQWHG %HELW] PXOWLSOH H[WHQVLRQV , ' 0HP DW ± DQG KDG DGYLVHG %HELW] RI WKH SRWHQWLDO FRQVHTXHQFHV RI IDLOLQJ WR PHHW WKH DJHQF\¶V GHDGOLQHV ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH , S %HELW] IDLOHG WR WLPHO\ FRPSO\ ZLWK &RPPHUFH¶V LQVWUXFWLRQV ZKLFK UHVXOWHG LQ &RPPHUFH UHMHFWLQJ WKH XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ See , ' 0HP DW ± )XUWKHUPRUH WKH FRXUW LV QRW SHUVXDGHG WKDW &RPPHUFH ZDV UHTXLUHG WR DFFHSW %HELW]¶V XQWLPHO\ ILOLQJ RQ WKH EDVLV WKDW WKH DJHQF\ GLG QRW LVVXH LWV Preliminary Determination XQWLO &RXUW 1R -DQXDU\ See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ,W LV QRW IRU %HELW] ³WR HVWDEOLVK 3DJH &RPPHUFH¶V GHDGOLQHV RU GLFWDWH WR &RPPHUFH ZKHWKHU DQG ZKHQ &RPPHUFH DFWXDOO\ QHHGV WKH UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ ´ Dongtai Peak Honey ) G DW %HELW]¶V EURDGHU FODLP WKDW LW ZDV QRW DIIRUGHG D UHDVRQDEOH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR SURYLGH WKH UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ LV VLPLODUO\ XQSHUVXDVLYH See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± $JDLQ ZKHQ &RPPHUFH LVVXHG WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH &RPPHUFH UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ DQG IURP FURVV RZQHG DIILOLDWHV ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ,,, S %HELW] SURYLGHG FHUWDLQ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW LWV UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK 9LUDM EXW WRRN WKH SRVLWLRQ WKDW WKH FRPSDQLHV ZHUH QRW FURVV RZQHG DQG GLG QRW WKHQ UHVSRQG WR &RPPHUFH¶V TXHVWLRQV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR 9LUDM See , ' 0HP DW ± &RPPHUFH SURYLGHG %HELW] D VHFRQG RSSRUWXQLW\ WR SURYLGH UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK UHVSHFW WR 9LUDM KRZHYHU DV %HELW] LQFRUUHFWO\ LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH Preliminary Determination ZDV LVVXHG RQ ³-DQXDU\ ´ %HELW]¶V 0HP DW 7KH FRXUW UHMHFWV %HELW]¶V FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW &RPPHUFH¶V $QWLGXPSLQJ 0DQXDO GHPRQVWUDWHV WKDW &RPPHUFH DFWHG XQUHDVRQDEO\ LQ UHTXLULQJ %HELW] WR UHVSRQG WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH LQ GD\V See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW FLWLQJ $QWLGXPSLQJ 0DQXDO 8 6 'HS¶W RI &RPPHUFH ,QW¶O 7UDGH $GPLQ ³$QWLGXPSLQJ 0DQXDO´ available at KWWSV ZHE DUFKLYH RUJ ZHE KWWSV HQIRUFHPHQW WUDGH JRY DGPDQXDO LQGH[ KWPO ODVW YLVLWHG )HE 7KH SDVVDJH %HELW] FLWHV UHIHUV WR &RPPHUFH¶V JXLGHOLQHV FRQFHUQLQJ LVVXLQJ VXSSOHPHQWDO TXHVWLRQQDLUHV LQ DQWLGXPSLQJ FDVHV $QWLGXPSLQJ 0DQXDO DW FK S LW GRHV QRW VSHDN WR WKH DPRXQW RI WLPH &RPPHUFH DIIRUGV D UHVSRQGHQW WR UHVSRQG WR D VXSSOHPHQWDO TXHVWLRQQDLUH LQ D &9' LQYHVWLJDWLRQ %HELW] IDLOV WR WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW DPRQJ RWKHU WKLQJV WKDW &9' LQYHVWLJDWLRQV DUH JRYHUQHG E\ GLVWLQFW VWDWXWRU\ GHDGOLQHV ZKLFK DUH JHQHUDOO\ VKRUWHU WKDQ WKH GHDGOLQHV JRYHUQLQJ DQWLGXPSLQJ LQYHVWLJDWLRQV &RXUW 1R 3DJH GLVFXVVHG %HELW] GLG QRW SURYLGH D WLPHO\ UHVSRQVH HYHQ DIWHU UHFHLYLQJ PXOWLSOH H[WHQVLRQV See id DW ± %HELW]¶V DUJXPHQW WKDW &RPPHUFH VKRXOG KDYH JUDQWHG LWV H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVWV LQ IXOO ODFNV PHULW See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW &RPPHUFH¶V UHJXODWLRQ & ) 5 E DQG F SURYLGHV WKH DJHQF\ ZLWK VXEVWDQWLDO GLVFUHWLRQ ZKHWKHU WR JUDQW RU GHQ\ DQ H[WHQVLRQ UHTXHVW DQG SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ OLJKW RI WKH PXOWLSOH H[WHQVLRQV &RPPHUFH GLG SURYLGH %HELW] IDLOV WR HVWDEOLVK WKDW &RPPHUFH DEXVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ RU RWKHUZLVH DFWHG XQODZIXOO\ LQ GHQ\LQJ %HELW]¶V UHTXHVWV IRU DGGLWLRQDO H[WHQVLRQV See Yantai Timken &,7 DW ± ) 6XSS G DW ± (YHQ LI WKH FRXUW FRQVWUXHG %HELW]¶V DUJXPHQW DV DVVHUWLQJ WKDW ³JRRG FDXVH´ RU ³H[WUDRUGLQDU\ FLUFXPVWDQFHV´ PHULWHG JUDQWLQJ DQ H[WHQVLRQ RI WLPH %HELW] KDV QRW LGHQWLILHG DQ HUURU LQ &RPPHUFH¶V FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI WKHVH LVVXHV ,Q UHMHFWLQJ %HELW]¶V 'HFHPEHU VXEPLVVLRQ &RPPHUFH DWWDFKHG D 1RYHPEHU PHPRUDQGXP IURP DQ XQUHODWHG DQWLGXPSLQJ GXW\ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH UHYLHZ PHPRULDOL]LQJ D PHHWLQJ EHWZHHQ &RPPHUFH RIILFLDOV DQG 0U .RHQLJ RI 6TXLUH 3DWWRQ %RJJV 86 //3 FRXQVHO WR %HELW] LQ WKLV LQYHVWLJDWLRQ 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ DW $WWDFK ,, 0HP 5H $QWLGXPSLQJ 'XW\ $GPLQ 5HYLHZ RI 6ROLG 8UHD IURP WKH 5XVVLDQ )HGHUDWLRQ ([ 3DUWH 0HHWLQJ ZLWK 5HS IURP 6TXLUH 3DWWRQ %RJJV //3 &RXQVHO WR 5HVSRQGHQW 0&& (XUR&KHP ³Russia Urea 0HP ´ 7KH PHHWLQJ ZDV WR GLVFXVV FRXQVHO¶V ³KLVWRU\ RI ODWH ILOLQJV DQG VWUHVV WKH QHHG WR DGKHUH VWULFWO\ WR VXEPLVVLRQ GHDGOLQHV´ DQG WKH DFWLRQ ³D SDUW\ PXVW WDNH ZKHQ LW LV XQDEOH WR FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH HOHFWURQLF ILOLQJ UHTXLUHPHQW ´ Russia Urea 0HP DW &RPPHUFH DGYLVHG 0U .RHQLJ WKDW ³IURP WKLV SRLQW IRUZDUG DOO ODWH VXEPLVVLRQV E\ 6TXLUH 3DWWRQ LQ WKLV RU DQ\ RWKHU SURFHHGLQJ EHIRUH WKH >DJHQF\@ ZRXOG EH UHMHFWHG´ XQOHVV FRXQVHO FRPSOLHG ZLWK &RPPHUFH¶V SURFHGXUHV IRU UHTXHVWLQJ H[WHQVLRQV Id. DW :KLOH &RPPHUFH UHIHUUHG WR WKLV PHPRUDQGXP DQG FRXQVHO¶V KLVWRU\ RI ODWH ILOLQJV LQ WKH PHPRUDQGXP UHMHFWLQJ %HELW]¶V XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ &RPPHUFH¶V UHMHFWLRQ ZDV UHDVRQDEO\ EDVHG RQ WKH IDFWV LQ WKLV LQYHVWLJDWLRQ LQFOXGLQJ %HELW]¶V IDLOXUH WR PHHW WKH H[WHQGHG GHDGOLQH 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ DW 1HYHUWKHOHVV WKH FRXUW ZRXOG HQFRXUDJH &RPPHUFH WR PDLQWDLQ D FOHDU GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ LWV HIIRUWV WR DGGUHVV D UHVSRQGHQW¶V IDLOXUH WR FRRSHUDWH LQ D SURFHHGLQJ DQG LWV HIIRUWV WR GLVFLSOLQH FRXQVHO IRU WKHLU DFWLRQV GLVWLQFW IURP WKH DFWLRQV RI WKHLU FOLHQWV &RXUW 1R 3DJH %HELW] DVVHUWV WKDW LW ZDV QRW UHVSRQVLEOH IRU UHSRUWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP 9LUDM LQ UHVSRQVH WR WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH EHFDXVH WKH TXHVWLRQQDLUH GLG QRW ³H[SOLFLWO\´ UHTXHVW WKDW LQIRUPDWLRQ %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± %HELW]¶V 5HSO\ DW 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH TXHVWLRQQDLUH LV WR DOORZ &RPPHUFH WR JDWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP WKH UHVSRQGHQW &RPPHUFH GRHV WKLV E\ DVNLQJ TXHVWLRQV DQG SURYLGLQJ WKH FULWHULD IRU UHVSRQGLQJ &RPPHUFH SURYLGHG FULWHULD IRU LGHQWLI\LQJ DIILOLDWHG DQG FURVV RZQHG FRPSDQLHV DQG UHTXLUHG %HELW] WR LGHQWLI\ WKRVH FRPSDQLHV WKDW PHW WKH FULWHULD ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ,,, S &RPPHUFH DOVR LQVWUXFWHG %HELW] WR UHTXHVW IXUWKHU JXLGDQFH LI LW ZDV XQFOHDU DV WR ZKLFK FRPSDQLHV WR LQFOXGH Id. ,,, SS ± $V WKH SDUW\ LQ SRVVHVVLRQ RI WKH QHFHVVDU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ WKH EXUGHQ LV RQ %HELW] WR GHYHORS WKH UHFRUG QRW &RPPHUFH See, e.g. NTN Bearing Corp. of Am. v. United States ) G )HG &LU FLWLQJ Zenith Elecs. Corp. v. United States ) G )HG &LU ³,QWHQWLRQDO REWXVHQHVV RQ WKH SDUW RI >D@ UHVSRQGHQW GRHV QRW REYLDWH &RPPHUFH¶V´ FOHDU UHTXHVW ³IRU WKH UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ ´ See Hyundai Heavy Indus., Co. v. United States &,7 BBB BBB ) 6XSS G ± %HELW] VHHNV WR UHO\ RQ Ta Chen Stainless Steel Pipe v. United States &,7 DQG Böwe-Passat v. United States &,7 LQ VXSSRUW RI LWV FODLP WKDW LW ODFNHG QRWLFH UHJDUGLQJ WKH QHHG WR SURYLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ 9LUDM XQWLO &RPPHUFH LVVXHG WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± +RZHYHU LQ Ta Chen WKH FRXUW IRXQG WKDW &RPPHUFH KDG WROG WKH UHVSRQGHQW WKDW LW KDG QRW GHWHUPLQHG KRZ WR FODVVLI\ WKH VDOHV DW LVVXH DQG WKXV KDG QRW FRQILUPHG WKH QHHG IRU WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ TXHVWLRQ &,7 DW ± 6LPLODUO\ LQ Böwe-Passat &RXUW 1R 3DJH &RPPHUFH¶V VXSSOHPHQWDO UHTXHVW IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ DSSHDUHG WR WKH FRXUW WR IRFXV RQ LQIRUPDWLRQ GLVWLQFW IURP WKDW ZKLFK &RPPHUFH ODWHU IRXQG WR EH GHILFLHQW &,7 DW 1HLWKHU FDVH VXSSRUWV %HELW]¶V SRVLWLRQ KHUH 0RUHRYHU WR WKH H[WHQW WKDW %HELW] LQWHQGHG WR VXJJHVW WKDW &RPPHUFH IDLOHG WR SURYLGH %HELW] DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR UHPHG\ D GHILFLHQW UHVSRQVH DV SURYLGHG LQ 8 6 & P G &RPPHUFH¶V 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH VDWLVILHG WKDW UHTXLUHPHQW )RU WKHVH UHDVRQV VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH VXSSRUWV &RPPHUFH¶V GHFLVLRQ WR UHMHFW %HELW]¶V XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ ,, &RPPHUFH¶V 8VH RI DQ $GYHUVH ,QIHUHQFH $ /HJDO )UDPHZRUN :KHQ QHFHVVDU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ LV QRW DYDLODEOH RQ WKH UHFRUG RU DQ LQWHUHVWHG SDUW\ ZLWKKROGV LQIRUPDWLRQ UHTXHVWHG E\ &RPPHUFH IDLOV WR SURYLGH UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ E\ WKH VXEPLVVLRQ GHDGOLQHV VLJQLILFDQWO\ LPSHGHV D SURFHHGLQJ RU SURYLGHV LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW FDQQRW EH YHULILHG SXUVXDQW WR 8 6 & P L &RPPHUFH ³VKDOO XVH WKH IDFWV RWKHUZLVH DYDLODEOH ´ 8 6 & H D &RPPHUFH¶V DXWKRULW\ WR XVH WKH IDFWV RWKHUZLVH DYDLODEOH LV VXEMHFW WR 8 6 & P G Id 3XUVXDQW WR VHFWLRQ P G LI &RPPHUFH GHWHUPLQHV WKDW D UHVSRQGHQW KDV QRW FRPSOLHG ZLWK D UHTXHVW IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ LW PXVW SURPSWO\ LQIRUP WKDW UHVSRQGHQW RI WKH QDWXUH RI WKH GHILFLHQF\ DQG WR WKH H[WHQW SUDFWLFDEOH LQ OLJKW RI VWDWXWRU\ GHDGOLQHV SURYLGH ³DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR UHPHG\ RU H[SODLQ WKH GHILFLHQF\ ´ ,I &RPPHUFH GHWHUPLQHV WKDW WKH SDUW\ ³KDV IDLOHG WR FRRSHUDWH E\ QRW DFWLQJ WR WKH EHVW RI LWV DELOLW\ WR FRPSO\ ZLWK D UHTXHVW IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ ´ &RPPHUFH ³PD\ XVH DQ &RXUW 1R 3DJH LQIHUHQFH WKDW LV DGYHUVH WR WKH LQWHUHVWV RI WKDW SDUW\ LQ VHOHFWLQJ IURP DPRQJ WKH IDFWV RWKHUZLVH DYDLODEOH ´ Id. H E ³&RPSOLDQFH ZLWK WKH µEHVW RI LWV DELOLW\¶ VWDQGDUG LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ DVVHVVLQJ ZKHWKHU D UHVSRQGHQW KDV SXW IRUWK LWV PD[LPXP HIIRUW WR SURYLGH &RPPHUFH ZLWK IXOO DQG FRPSOHWH DQVZHUV WR DOO LQTXLULHV LQ DQ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ ´ Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States ) G )HG &LU &RPPHUFH XVHV WRWDO DGYHUVH IDFWV DYDLODEOH ZKHQ ³QRQH RI WKH UHSRUWHG GDWD LV UHOLDEOH RU XVDEOH ´ VXFK DV ZKHQ DOO RI WKH ³VXEPLWWHG GDWD H[KLELW SHUYDVLYH DQG SHUVLVWHQW GHILFLHQFLHV WKDW FXW DFURVV DOO DVSHFWV RI WKH GDWD ´ Zhejiang DunAn Hetian Metal Co. v. United States ) G )HG &LU FLWLQJ Steel Auth. of India, Ltd. v. United States &,7 ) 6XSS G ± % 3DUWLHV¶ &RQWHQWLRQV %HELW] DUJXHV WKDW &RPPHUFH¶V XVH RI $)$ ZDV QRW ZDUUDQWHG EHFDXVH &RPPHUFH PD\ QRW GUDZ DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH PHUHO\ IURP D IDLOXUH WR UHVSRQG WR D TXHVWLRQQDLUH DQG &RPPHUFH VHW ³DQ LPSRVVLEOH GHDGOLQH´ IRU UHVSRQVHV WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± %HELW]¶V 5HSO\ DW ± 7KH *RYHUQPHQW FRQWHQGV WKDW %HELW] ZDV DIIRUGHG PXOWLSOH RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR FRPSO\ ZLWK &RPPHUFH¶V LQIRUPDWLRQ UHTXHVWV EXW IDLOHG WR SURYLGH WLPHO\ UHVSRQVHV ZDUUDQWLQJ D ILQGLQJ WKDW LW GLG QRW FRPSO\ WR WKH EHVW RI LWV DELOLW\ See *RY¶WV 5HVS DW ± see also &$)3¶V 5HVS DW ± %HELW] GRHV QRW FRQWHVW WKDW LI &RPPHUFH SURSHUO\ UHMHFWHG %HELW]¶V XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ WKHQ &RPPHUFH SURSHUO\ UHVRUWHG WR IDFWV DYDLODEOH See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± see generally 8 6 & H D %HELW] RQO\ FRQWHVWV ZKHWKHU &RPPHUFH ZDV SHUPLWWHG WR GUDZ DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW ± &RXUW 1R 3DJH & &RPPHUFH¶V 8VH RI DQ $GYHUVH ,QIHUHQFH LV 6XSSRUWHG E\ 6XEVWDQWLDO (YLGHQFH DQG ,Q $FFRUGDQFH ZLWK /DZ 6XEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH VXSSRUWV &RPPHUFH¶V ILQGLQJ WKDW %HELW] GLG QRW DFW WR WKH EHVW RI LWV DELOLW\ WR FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH DJHQF\¶V LQIRUPDWLRQ UHTXHVWV DQG WKDW ILQGLQJ LV RWKHUZLVH LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK ODZ ,Q UHVSRQVH WR WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH %HELW] UHSRUWHG WKDW QRQH RI LWV DIILOLDWHV ZHUH FURVV RZQHG See %HELW]¶V $IILOLDWLRQ 5HVS %HELW] WKHQ IDLOHG WR SURYLGH D WLPHO\ UHVSRQVH WR &RPPHUFH¶V 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH GHVSLWH UHFHLYLQJ PXOWLSOH H[WHQVLRQV See , ' 0HP DW ± ± GHVFULELQJ WKH H[WHQVLRQV 6XSSO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 5HVS 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ ³7R DYRLG WKH ULVN RI DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH UHVSRQGHQWV PXVW WDNH UHDVRQDEOH VWHSV DQG SXW IRUWK PD[LPXP HIIRUW WR LQYHVWLJDWH DQG REWDLQ DOO UHTXHVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ ´ Mukand, Ltd. v. United States ) G )HG &LU %HELW]¶V IDLOXUH WR GR VR LQ WKLV FDVH VXSSRUWV &RPPHUFH¶V FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW %HELW] IDLOHG WR FRRSHUDWH WR WKH EHVW RI LWV DELOLW\ Id. see also Essar Steel Ltd. v. United States ) G ± )HG &LU ILQGLQJ WKDW &RPPHUFH DSSURSULDWHO\ UHOLHG RQ $)$ EHFDXVH WKH UHVSRQGHQW ZLWKKHOG NH\ GRFXPHQWV DQG SURYLGHG FRQWUDGLFWRU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ :KLOH %HELW] DVVHUWV WKDW WKH UHFRUG ODFNV VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH WKDW LW LV FURVV RZQHG ZLWK 9LUDM see %HELW]¶V 0HP DW DQ\ JDS LQ WKH HYLGHQWLDU\ UHFRUG LV D UHVXOW RI %HELW] IDLOLQJ WR SURYLGH D WLPHO\ UHVSRQVH WR &RPPHUFH¶V 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 1HYHUWKHOHVV UHFRUG HYLGHQFH GRHV VXSSRUW &RPPHUFH¶V FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW 9LUDM LV D SURGXFHU RI VXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVH DQG H[HUFLVHV VLJQLILFDQW LQIOXHQFH RYHU %HELW] VXFK WKDW %HELW] DQG 9LUDM DUH FURVV RZQHG See 3UHOLP 'HFLVLRQ 0HP DW QQ ± FLWDWLRQV RPLWWHG &RXUW 1R 3DJH &RPPHUFH H[SODLQHG WKDW WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ DW LVVXH ZDV NH\ WR LWV LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DQG &RPPHUFH FRXOG QRW DFFXUDWHO\ FDOFXODWH %HELW]¶V &9' UDWH ZLWKRXW LW See , ' 0HP DW &RPPHUFH H[SODLQHG WKDW %HELW]¶V IDLOXUH WR SURYLGH WKLV LQIRUPDWLRQ ZDUUDQWHG DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH. Id DW 7KH FRXUW ILQGV QR HUURU LQ WKLV ILQGLQJ See Essar Steel ) G DW ³>)@DLOLQJ WR SURGXFH NH\ GRFXPHQWV XQHTXLYRFDOO\ GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW (VVDU GLG QRW SXW IRUWK LWV PD[LPXP HIIRUW ´ %HELW]¶V DUJXPHQW WKDW DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH ZDV QRW ZDUUDQWHG EHFDXVH &RPPHUFH VHW ³DQ LPSRVVLEOH GHDGOLQH´ IRU UHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH LV XQDYDLOLQJ See %HELW]¶V 0HP DW %HELW]¶V IDLOXUH WR DGHTXDWHO\ UHVSRQG WR WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH SURPSWHG &RPPHUFH WR LVVXH WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH WKXV WKH UHVXOWLQJ GHDGOLQH RZHV WR %HELW]¶V IDLOXUH WR EH PRUH IRUWKFRPLQJ LQ LWV LQLWLDO UHVSRQVH See , ' 0HP DW ± ,QGHHG FRXQWLQJ IURP &RPPHUFH¶V LQLWLDO UHTXHVW IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ %HELW] KDG D WRWDO RI GD\V XQWLO LWV UHVSRQVH WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ZDV GXH See , ' 0HP DW ³&RPPHUFH JDYH %HELW] PXOWLSOH RSSRUWXQLWLHV DQG KDV SURYLGHG %HELW] WZR PRQWKV WR SURYLGH WKH UHVSRQVHV ´ (YHQ LI %HELW]¶V XQWLPHO\ VXEPLVVLRQ ZDV RWKHUZLVH UHVSRQVLYH WKH IDFW WKDW %HELW] SXW IRUWK some HIIRUW LV QRW LQFRQVLVWHQW ZLWK &RPPHUFH¶V FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW %HELW] IDLOHG WR DFW ³WR WKH best RI LWV DELOLW\ ´ See , ' 0HP DW HPSKDVLV DGGHG Nippon &RPPHUFH LVVXHG WKH ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH RQ 2FWREHU see generally ,QLWLDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH DQG WKH H[WHQGHG GHDGOLQH IRU UHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH 6XSSOHPHQWDO 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ZDV 'HFHPEHU see generally 6HFRQG ([W &RXUW 1R 3DJH Steel ) G DW ILQGLQJ WKDW DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH LV DSSURSULDWH ZKHQ ³LW LV UHDVRQDEOH IRU &RPPHUFH WR H[SHFW WKDW D PRUH IRUWKFRPLQJ UHVSRQVH VKRXOG KDYH EHHQ JLYHQ´ 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH SURYLVLRQ LV WR SURYLGH DQ LQFHQWLYH IRU UHVSRQGHQWV WR FRRSHUDWH ZLWK &RPPHUFH¶V LQYHVWLJDWLRQV DQG HQVXUH WKDW D SDUW\ GRHV QRW REWDLQ D PRUH IDYRUDEOH UHVXOW E\ IDLOLQJ WR FRRSHUDWH WKDQ LI LW KDG FRRSHUDWHG IXOO\ See 8UXJXD\ 5RXQG $JUHHPHQWV $FW 6WDWHPHQW RI $GPLQLVWUDWLYH $FWLRQ ³6$$´ + 5 'RF 1R ± YRO DW reprinted in 8 6 & & $ 1 Fine Furniture (Shanghai) Ltd. v. United States ) G )HG &LU &RPPHUFH¶V DSSOLFDWLRQ RI DQ DGYHUVH LQIHUHQFH LQ WKLV FDVH LV FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKDW SXUSRVH EHFDXVH LW HQVXUHV WKDW %HELW] GRHV QRW REWDLQ D PRUH IDYRUDEOH UDWH E\ IDLOLQJ WR GLVFORVH WKH IXOO H[WHQW RI LWV UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK 9LUDM )RU WKHVH UHDVRQV WKH FRXUW ILQGV WKDW &RPPHUFH¶V UHOLDQFH RQ WRWDO $)$ LV VXSSRUWHG E\ VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH DQG RWKHUZLVH LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK ODZ &21&/86,21 $1' 25'(5 ,Q DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH IRUHJRLQJ LW LV KHUHE\ 25'(5(' WKDW &RPPHUFH¶V Final Determination LV VXVWDLQHG -XGJPHQW ZLOO HQWHU DFFRUGLQJO\ 'DWHG 0DUFK 1HZ <RUN 1HZ <RUN V 0DUN $ %DUQHWW 0DUN $ %DUQHWW -XGJH 7KH 6$$ ³VKDOO EH UHJDUGHG DV DQ DXWKRULWDWLYH H[SUHVVLRQ E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ DQG DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH 8UXJXD\ 5RXQG $JUHHPHQWV $FW ´ 8 6 & G

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.