United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Jacobo Madera-reyes, Defendant-appellant, 145 F.3d 1342 (9th Cir. 1998)

We affirm. The district court did not err when it held that it lacked jurisdiction to depart downwards based on Mr. Madera-Reyes's argument that his case was outside the heartland of the Sentencing Guidelines. See United States v. Webster, 996 F.2d 209, 211 (9th Cir. 1993).

In addition, we reject Mr. Madera-Reyes's argument that the structure of the Sentencing Guidelines "coerced" him into pleading guilty. " [P]lea bargaining is an approved method of encouraging guilty pleas by offering a defendant the certainty of a lesser punishment or the possibility of a more severe punishment." United States v. Gonzalez, 897 F.2d 1018, 1020 (9th Cir. 1990) (citing United States v. Carter, 804 F.2d 508, 513 (quoting Frank v. Blackburn, 646 F.2d 873, 878 (5th Cir. 1980))) (internal quotations omitted).

AFFIRMED.