Cervantes v. Kelley (Majority)
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The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the circuit court denying and dismissing Appellant's pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus, holding that the circuit court did not err in denying and dismissing the petition on the basis that issues surrounding parole eligibility are not cognizable in habeas proceedings.
Appellant appeared before the parole board on September 5, 2019 and was denied parole for two years. The parole board affirmed the two-year denial. In his petition for writ of habeas corpus Appellant argued that the parole board's actions were illegal and in violation of Ark. Code Ann. 16-93-615. The circuit court denied and dismissed the petition. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Defendant did not meet his burden of establishing probable cause that he was detained without lawful authority.
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Cite as 2020 Ark. 391 SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS No. CV-20-219 Opinion Delivered: ROMAN CERVANTES V. December 3, 2020 APPELLANT PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE JEFFERSON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 35CV-20-38] HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS, WENDY KELLEY, DIRECTOR, JUDGE ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION AFFIRMED. APPELLEE KAREN R. BAKER, Associate Justice Appellant Roman Cervantes appeals the circuit court’s denial of his pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated sections 16-112-101 to -123 (Repl. 2016). Cervantes, who is incarcerated in the county where he filed his petition, alleged in the petition filed below and in his arguments on appeal that the Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC) illegally denied him parole. The circuit court denied and dismissed his petition on the basis that issues surrounding parole eligibility are not cognizable in habeas proceedings. We affirm. I. Background Cervantes alleged in his petition filed in the circuit court that he had been convicted of failure to appear, a Class C felony, on March 7, 2019, and was sentenced to forty-eight months’ imprisonment. The sentencing order is not in the record. However, the record demonstrates that Cervantes appeared before the parole board on September 5, 2019, and was denied parole for two years. Cervantes appealed the denial of his parole, and the parole board affirmed the two-year denial on September 30, 2019. Cervantes contends that the parole board’s actions were illegal and in violation of Arkansas Code Annotated section 1693-615 in that “a two-year denial is an unauthorized option for a non-discretionary offender.” Cervantes does not challenge the legality of his sentence of forty-eight months’ imprisonment. The maximum sentence for a Class C felony is ten years’ imprisonment, and Cervantes’s sentence for failure to appear does not exceed the maximum sentence for that offense. See Ark. Code Ann. § 5-54-120(c)(1) (Repl. 2016); Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-401(a)(4) (Repl. 2016). II. Standard of Review A circuit court’s decision on a petition for writ of habeas corpus will be upheld unless it is clearly erroneous. Hobbs v. Gordon, 2014 Ark. 225, 434 S.W.3d 364. A decision is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id. III. Nature of the Writ A writ of habeas corpus is proper when a judgment of conviction is invalid on its face or when a trial court lacks jurisdiction over the cause. Philyaw v. Kelley, 2015 Ark. 465, 477 S.W.3d 503. Jurisdiction is the power of the court to hear and determine the subject matter in controversy. Baker v. Norris, 369 Ark. 405, 255 S.W.3d 466 (2007). A trial court has 2 subject-matter jurisdiction to hear and determine cases involving violations of criminal statutes. Id. Under our statute, a petitioner for the writ who does not allege his or her actual innocence and proceed under Act 1780 of 2001 must plead either the facial invalidity of the judgment or the lack of jurisdiction by the trial court and show, by affidavit or other evidence, probable cause to believe that the petitioner is being illegally detained. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-112-103(a)(1) (Repl. 2016). Unless the petitioner can show that the trial court lacked jurisdiction or that the commitment was invalid on its face, there is no basis for a finding that a writ of habeas corpus should issue. Fields v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 416. IV. Parole Eligibility As stated above, Cervantes argues that he is entitled to habeas relief because the ADC illegally denied him parole. Parole-eligibility claims are not cognizable in a habeas proceeding. Finney v. Kelley, 2020 Ark. 145, 598 S.W.3d 26. Habeas proceedings do not extend to issues of parole eligibility and are limited to the questions of whether the petitioner is in custody pursuant to a valid judgment of conviction and whether the convicting court had proper jurisdiction. Id. Parole eligibility falls clearly within the domain of the executive branch––specifically, the ADC––as fixed by statute. Id. A question regarding parole eligibility is not properly raised in a habeas proceeding because it does not challenge the circuit court’s jurisdiction or the facial invalidity of the judgment. Id. Cervantes did not challenge the legality of the sentence or the jurisdiction of the trial court to impose it. In sum, Cervantes did not meet his burden of establishing probable cause by affidavit or other evidence that he is detained without lawful authority. 3 Affirmed. Roman Cervantes, pro se appellant. Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Kent Holt, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee. 4
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