Bayird v. Floyd
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Cite as 2009 Ark. 455
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No.
08-1099
JOHN
H.
BAYIRD,
AS
ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE ESTATE
OF MAMIE ELLIOTT, DECEASED,
APPELLANT;
VS.
WILLIAM FLOYD; BEVERLY
ENTERPRISES, INC.; BEVERLY
HEALTH AND REHABILITATION
SERVICES, INC.; BEVERLY
ENTERPRISES–ARKANSAS, INC.
D / B / A
B E V E R L Y
HEALTHCARE–MONTICELLO; XL
INSURANCE, INC.; AND XL
INSURANCE (BERMUDA) LTD.,
APPELLEES;
Opinion Delivered October 1, 2009
APPEAL FROM THE DREW COUNTY
CIRCUIT COURT; NO. CIV 20070062-4; HON. DON E. GLOVER,
JUDGE;
AFFIRMED.
DONALD L. CORBIN, Associate Justice
Appellant John H. Bayird, as administrator for the estate of his deceased mother,
Mamie Elliott, appeals the order of the Drew County Circuit Court granting the motion of
Appellee William Floyd to dismiss the complaint against him for failure to state facts upon
which relief could be granted. Because the circuit court considered “other pleadings and
exhibits” that Appellant had not included in his addendum and brief, we determined that the
motion to dismiss had been converted to one for summary judgment and ordered Appellant
to file a substituted addendum and brief that included the omitted pleadings and exhibits.
Bayird v. Floyd, 2009 Ark. 254, ___ S.W.3d ___ (per curiam). Appellant has filed a
Cite as 2009 Ark. 455
substituted brief and addendum, and we now affirm the order of the trial court dismissing
Appellee Floyd.
Appellant filed a complaint alleging that his mother suffered emotional trauma and
egregious physical injuries including death due to the care and treatment, or lack thereof,
while she was a resident of a nursing home in Monticello, Arkansas, known as Beverly
Healthcare–Monticello. Appellant filed suit against the nursing home and related corporations
for multiple causes of action arising under principles of equity and the common law and
various statutory laws of this state. Appellant also filed suit against Appellee Floyd, alleging
he was the chief executive officer in charge at all times relevant to Ms. Elliott’s injuries.
Appellee Floyd filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), arguing, among
other things, that the complaint failed to state sufficient facts to establish his individual liability.
The complaint, which was later amended three times, asserted multiple causes of
action1 against multiple defendants.2 The order appealed from dismissed the complaint as to
1
With regard to the multiple causes of action, the complaint stated that they arose under the “common law of
the State of Arkansas, the Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act, the Arkansas Long Term Care Resident Rights Statute, the
Arkansas Omnibus Long Term Care Reform Act, the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, Breach of Fiduciary Duty,
Unjust Enrichment, and Equitable Disgorgement, as well as other applicable laws.”
2
With regard to the multiple defendants, the original complaint named as defendants the following three
corporations: (1) Beverly Enterprises–Arkansas, Inc. d/b/a Beverly Healthcare–Monticello; (2) Beverly Health and
Rehabilitation Services, Inc., a nursing home management company providing services to Beverly Healthcare–Monticello;
and (3) Beverly Enterprises, Inc., the parent corporation of both Beverly Health and Rehabilitation Services, Inc., and
Beverly Healthcare–Monticello. These corporations were referred to collectively throughout the complaint as the Beverly
defendants. The complaint also named Appellee Floyd as a defendant, alleging that he was the former chief executive
officer and chairman of the board of directors of Beverly Enterprises, Inc., and that at all times relevant to the action, he
controlled the operation, planning, management, and quality control of the Beverly defendants. The complaint included
Appellee Floyd in its references to the collective Beverly defendants and alleged that the Beverly defendants operated as
a joint enterprise and were therefore liable for the others’ actions and inactions. The complaint also alleged joint and
several liability of all Beverly defendants, their agents, subsidiaries, servants, and employees. Subsequent amendments to
the complaint named XL Insurance, Inc., and XL Insurance (Bermuda) Ltd., as additional defendants, alleging they had
insured the Beverly defendants during the time of Ms. Elliott’s residency at Beverly–Monticello. Appellee Floyd is the
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only one defendant, Appellee Floyd, and contained a certification pursuant to Ark. R. Civ.
P. 54(b) that the order was a final judgment. The circuit court made the Rule 54(b)
certification at Appellant’s request, over Appellee Floyd’s objection. Because we consider
compliance with Rule 54(b) to be a requirement of this court’s subject-matter jurisdiction,
we must first address Appellee Floyd’s challenge to the factual findings in the circuit court’s
Rule 54(b) certification. See Howard v. Dallas Morning News, Inc., 324 Ark. 91, 918 S.W.2d
178 (1996).
This court only reviews final orders. Ark. R. App. P.–Civ. 2(a). For an order to be
final and appealable, it must dismiss the parties from the court, discharge them from the
action, or conclude their rights to the subject matter in controversy. Quality Ford, Inc. v.
Faust, 307 Ark. 371, 820 S.W.2d 61 (1991). It is not enough to dismiss some of the parties;
the order must cover all parties and all claims in order to be final and appealable. State Farm
Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Thomas, 312 Ark. 429, 850 S.W.2d 4 (1993). However, Rule 54(b)
provides that a trial court may direct the entry of final judgment with regard to fewer than
all of the claims or parties by an express determination that there is no just reason for delay
and by the requisite certification and factual findings. When an appropriate certification is
made by the trial court pursuant to Rule 54(b), this court considers the judgment final for
purposes of appeal. See id. (citing Arkhola Sand & Gravel Co. v. Hutchinson, 291 Ark. 570, 726
S.W.2d 674 (1987)).
only defendant who has filed a brief in this appeal.
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Although this court has previously reviewed a trial court’s factual findings with respect
to a Rule 54(b) certification, we have done so without expressly stating our standard of
review. We take this opportunity to state that a trial court’s Rule 54(b) findings and
certifications are reviewable for abuse of discretion, with some deference given to the trial
court’s decision, since that court is the one most likely to be familiar with the claims and the
parties in the case. However, as we have previously acknowledged, the requirement of a final
judgment is the cornerstone of appellate jurisdiction, therefore even a trial court’s strict
compliance with Rule 54(b)’s required findings and certifications are not binding upon this
court. As this court has stated, merely tracking the language of Rule 54(b) will not suffice;
the record must show facts to support the trial court’s conclusions. Arkhola, 291 Ark. 570,
726 S.W.2d 674. This is because it is our duty to ensure, sua sponte if necessary, that the
limits of our jurisdiction are observed. Thus, “our role on appeal ‘is not to reweigh the
equities or reassess the facts but to make sure that the conclusions derived from those
weighings and assessments are judicially sound and supported by the record.’” Id. (quoting
Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. Gen. Elec. Co., 446 U.S. 1 (1980) (discussing Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b)
which is identical to our own rule)).
In this case, the circuit court included the following factual findings in its Rule 54(b)
certification. First, the circuit court found that because all claims against Appellee Floyd had
been dismissed, the remaining defendants’ liability would be determined on legal theories
separate and apart from the dismissed defendant, Appellee Floyd. Second, the circuit court
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found that judicial economy would be served by an immediate appeal because, if appellate
review were delayed, reversal of Appellee Floyd’s dismissal would likely require duplicative
depositions and a largely duplicative second trial with possible inconsistent verdicts.
Certification now, found the circuit court, would allow for a single trial against the
remaining defendants. Third, the circuit court found that a failure to certify would not ensure
that only one appeal would ensue, given the likelihood that the parties would appeal both
trials. For these reasons, the circuit court concluded that a compelling, discernable hardship
would ensue if the case were not certified for immediate appeal and that there was no just
reason for delay of entry of a final judgment. Appellee challenges each of these findings and
argues that the contrary of these findings would result from an immediate appeal of his
dismissal.
We observe that in support of these findings, the circuit court relied upon, among
other cases, Howard, 324 Ark. 91, 918 S.W.2d 178, and Commercial Trust Co. v. Lorcin
Engineering, Inc., 321 Ark. 210, 900 S.W.2d 202 (1995). In both of these cases, this court
allowed appeals from orders dismissing fewer than all defendants when doing so would permit
the remaining claims and defenses to be presented at a single and timely trial. We cannot say
that the circuit court’s reliance on these cases was misplaced or that the circuit court failed to
make the factual findings necessary to comply with Rule 54(b). Accordingly, we find no
error in the circuit court’s Rule 54(b) certification, and therefore conclude we have
jurisdiction to hear this appeal.
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Appellant’s first argument for reversal of the summary judgment is that Appellee Floyd
should be held personally liable for his corporate philosophy emphasizing profits before care.
We are thus required to review the law concerning the personal liability of corporate officers.
This court has stated that when “it can be shown that an individual employed by a
corporation is personally involved in the events surrounding an injury, the individual may be
sued.” McGraw v. Weeks, 326 Ark. 285, 294, 930 S.W.2d 365, 367 (1996) (citing Cash v.
Carter, 312 Ark. 41, 847 S.W.2d 18 (1993)). In McGraw, a farm manager was found liable by
a jury for instructing another employee to use a rice herbicide that damaged nearby cotton.
This court affirmed the trial court’s refusal to grant a directed verdict for the farm manager
because there was sufficient evidence to show he was personally involved. There was
testimony that the farm manager made the decision to apply the herbicide and instructed
another employee to do so. In contrast, this court in Cash affirmed a summary judgment in
favor of an individual who was the owner of a parent and related corporations on the basis
that there had been no evidence presented that he was directly involved in the events
surrounding the injury or that he was acting in any capacity other than a corporate officer
when the accident occurred. Hence, this court concluded there was nothing on which to
premise individual liability.
As Appellant points out in his brief, both McGraw and Cash were cited with approval
in In re Speers, 244 B.R. 142 (E.D. Ark. 2000), for the proposition that officers and directors
of corporations are personally liable to the extent that their tortious acts result in harm to a
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third party. We also note Appellant’s citation to Scott v. Central Arkansas Nursing Centers, Inc.,
101 Ark. App. 424, 278 S.W.3d 587 (2008), where the court of appeals, among other cases,
cited McGraw in affirming a denial of a directed verdict for a corporate owner and officer
based on insufficient evidence connecting his corporate philosophy to the level of care at the
specific nursing home there in question.
Before applying these precedents to the merits of Appellant’s argument, however, we
find it helpful to point out our standard of review when a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal is converted
to summary judgment. As we noted previously, although the circuit court’s order stated that
the case was dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), the order also stated that the court
considered other pleadings and exhibits in making its ruling. As such, the motion to dismiss
was converted to a motion for summary judgment. Bayird, 2009 Ark. 254, ___ S.W.3d ___.
As we explained, when a trial court considers matters outside the pleadings, the appellate
courts will treat a motion to dismiss as one for summary judgment. Id. (citing Kyzar v. City
of W. Memphis, 360 Ark. 454, 201 S.W.3d 923 (2005)). Summary judgment is appropriate
when there are no genuine issues of material fact, and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. Nielsen v. Berger-Nielsen, 347 Ark. 996, 69 S.W.3d 414 (2002).
On appellate review, this court determines if summary judgment was appropriate based on
whether the items presented in support of the motion leave a material fact question
unanswered, resolving all doubts and inferences against the moving party. Id.
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The circuit court held a hearing, wherein counsel for Appellee Floyd argued that “it
[was] undisputed that [Appellee] Floyd was not in any way involved with Ms. Elliott’s care.
He did not in any way interact with her; he did not know of the Monticello facility; he was
not involved in the operations of the Monticello facility at all.” Counsel continued, arguing
that Appellant had sued Appellee Floyd personally on five counts and that all five counts must
fail as a matter of law. Appellant’s counsel conceded that Appellee Floyd was not a medical
care provider with respect to medical malpractice and that he was not a licensee with respect
to resident rights. Thus, those two causes of action are not at issue. As to the remaining
causes of action, Appellee Floyd argued that on the facts alleged, he owed no duty to Ms.
Elliott and that unjust enrichment and equitable disgorgement were “remedies” that were not
available on the facts alleged.
Counsel for Appellant responded by summarizing the complaint as alleging that
this nursing home was deficiently staffed and deficiently supplied and that
those deficiencies caused injury to Mamie Elliott.
The complaint goes further to allege that a corporate philosophy put in
place by one of the Defendants, William Floyd, caused those deficiencies.
Therefore, there is a direct line between Mr. Floyd and his actions and the
injuries caused to Ms. Elliott.
The circuit court took the matter under advisement at the conclusion of the hearing,
and later entered a written order. The order recited the pertinent facts alleged in the
complaint and then stated the following:
Upon considering as true the allegations contained in the complaint and
amended complaints and all other pleadings and exhibits submitted herein, the
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Court finds insufficient facts to support a claim for which relief can be granted
against separate Defendant William Floyd. Therefore the Motion to Dismiss
should be granted pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
Thus, it is clear that the circuit court’s ruling was limited to the facts and did not extend to
any of the arguments presented on the specific causes of action, duties, or remedies. Our
review on appeal is therefore limited to the ruling that was made concerning the facts.
With the precedents of McGraw and Cash in mind, as well as our summary judgment
standard of review, we now address Appellant’s first argument for reversal to determine if
there are any material facts in dispute as to Appellee Floyd’s personal involvement in the
injury to Ms. Elliott. The pertinent facts as alleged in the complaint and recited in the circuit
court’s order are that Appellee Floyd controlled the operation, planning, management and
quality control of the nursing facility where Ms. Elliott resided; that he was aware of the
problems that existed at the facility and did not commit adequate resources to address them;
and that he was instead focusing on profit and increasing stock price rather than on the care
of the residents. Counsel for Appellant stated during oral argument that he considered the
circuit court to have recited the facts fairly in his order.
When we review the facts in the light most favorable to Appellant, resolving all doubt
and inferences in his favor, we conclude that the facts are silent with respect to Appellee
Floyd’s personal involvement in the operations of the Beverly–Monticello nursing home
where Ms. Elliott resided. We conclude the facts are likewise silent with respect to Appellee
Floyd’s personal involvement in Ms. Elliott’s care. Appellee Floyd’s contention that he was
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in no way personally involved with Ms. Elliott’s care simply went undisputed by Appellant.
While Appellant did respond with the conclusory allegation that Appellee Floyd was
responsible for an overall corporate philosophy causing deficient staffing and supplies that
resulted in harm to Ms. Elliott, Appellant never came forth with any facts specifically relevant
to Appellee Floyd’s direct personal involvement with the level of staffing and supplies used
or denied in Ms. Elliott’s care at the Beverly–Monticello facility.
We therefore conclude that the facts were undisputed on the issue of Appellee Floyd’s
lack of personal involvement in the events surrounding the injuries to Ms. Elliott.
Accordingly, there is nothing on which to premise Appellee Floyd’s individual liability, and
we therefore affirm the summary judgment in his favor on all claims alleged against him.
We are aware of Appellant’s remaining arguments for reversal as they relate to specific
causes of action, specific duties of care alleged, and specific rights and remedies alleged. We
are further aware that these arguments were discussed at the hearing below. However, the
circuit court’s order does not mention these arguments and rules solely on the basis of the
facts alleged. Any personal liability of Appellee Floyd is predicated upon facts showing his
personal involvement in the harm alleged, regardless of the specific cause of action or theory
of recovery alleged. Therefore, because we have concluded that the lack of facts showing his
personal involvement went undisputed, we need not address Appellant’s remaining arguments
for reversal.
Affirmed.
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