Jim Wright and Connie Wright v. City of Little Rock and Little Rock Board of Adjustment
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SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No.
05-683
JIM WRIGHT and CONNIE WRIGHT,
APPELLANTS,
VS.
CITY OF LITTLE ROCK and LITTLE
ROCK BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT,
APPELLEES,
Opinion Delivered April
13, 2006
APPEAL FR O M THE PU LASKI
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, FIRST
DIVISION,
NO. CV02-5512 & CV03-5910,
HON.
MARION
ANDREW
HUMPHREY, JUDGE,
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
1.
APPEAL &
ERROR
– ARK. DIST. CT. R. 9 –
QUESTION OF WHAT FURTHER
PROCEDURE SHOULD BE PROVIDED REFERRED TO THE
COURT COMMITTEE
ON
ARKANSAS SUPREME
CIVIL PRACTICE. – Where it was apparent that the
inadequate procedural rules in the case led to the confusion resulting in the circuit
court’s mistaken dismissal of appellants’ appeal for failure to perfect service when the
appeal was already perfected by appellants’ timely filing of the record in accordance
with Ark. Dist. Ct. R. 9, and where once perfected, it was up to the circuit court to
set a briefing schedule or order hearings as required, the supreme court referred the
question of what further procedure should be provided to the Arkansas Supreme
Court Committee on Civil Practice.
2.
APPEAL & ERROR –
ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL
–
PERFECTION OF APPEAL.
– The
supreme court held that an appeal is perfected once the record is timely filed; to the
extent that Weiss v. Johnson, 331 Ark. 409, 961 S.W.2d 28 (1998), was inconsistent
with that holding, it was overruled.
3.
APPEAL & ERROR – ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL – WHERE THE RECORD WAS TIMELY
FILED , THE APPEAL WAS RIPE FOR ADJUDICATION .
– When the record was timely
filed, appellants’ appeal was ripe for adjudication.
4.
APPEAL & ERROR – CAPTION OF PLEADING – RELIEF SOUGHT WAS THE APPEAL OF
THE DECISION FROM THE BOARD.
– It was clear from the appellants’ complaint for
declaratory judgment that the relief sought was the appeal of the decision of the
appellee board.
Appeal from Pulaski Circuit Court; Marion Andrew Humphrey, Judge; reversed and
remanded.
Ables, Howe, & Standridge, P.L.L.C., by: Lisa Jones-Ables, for appellants.
Office of the City Attorney, City of Little Rock, by: E. Shane Springs, for appellees.
JIM HANNAH, Chief Justice.
Jim and Connie Wright appeal a decision of the Pulaski County Circuit Court
dismissing their case with prejudice. This appeal was certified to this court by the court of
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05-683
appeals because it concerns an issue of first impression. Our jurisdiction is pursuant to Ark.
Sup. Ct. R. 1-2(b)(1).
Facts
The Wrights live at 14 Maywood Drive in Little Rock, and Jim Wright operates a
welding business at that location. In 2002, the City of Little Rock received a complaint that,
in violation of zoning ordinances, a business was being run at 14 Maywood Drive. On March
18, 2002, the City of Little Rock Department of Neighborhoods & Planning issued a courtesy
notice to the Wrights to cease use of their property for business purposes.
In response, the Wrights submitted documents to the City of Little Rock Department
of Planning and Development seeking to have a nonconforming-use status declared because
they were continuing to conduct a business in a location where a business had previously been
run.1 The Wrights’ request was denied. The zoning enforcement staff of the Department of
Planning and Development concluded that the Wrights failed to show that a business was
continuously run from that location.
The Wrights then appealed the decision of the zoning enforcement staff to the City
of Little Rock Department of Planning and Development’s Board of Adjustment. The Board
held a hearing at which evidence was received concerning the prior business. Evidence was
also received to show that there was no business activity at 14 Maywood Drive for at least
twelve months before Jim Wright started his business, and that the business he started
1
The Wrights alleged that an auto repair shop had been run from this same
location.
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occupied more property than that used by the prior business. The Board denied the Wrights’
appeal by a letter dated May 6, 2002.
The Wrights filed the record of the proceedings before the Board in the circuit court
on May 22, 2002, as allowed under Ark. Code Ann. § 14-56-425 (Repl. 1998), and well
within the thirty days allowed for such an appeal under Ark. Dist. Ct. R. 9. That appeal was
assigned to the First Division of the Pulaski County Circuit Court and given the case number
CV 2002-005512. However, the appeal was dismissed without prejudice by the circuit court
on April 25, 2003, for a lack of service in accordance with Ark. R. Civ. P. 4(i) and (g).
On May 27, 2003, the Wrights filed a complaint for declaratory judgment stating that,
“[t]his matter involves a timely appeal of a zoning ruling by Defendants’ finding that Plaintiffs’
property . . . is not recognized as a ‘nonconforming’ use.” Although this was an apparent
attempt to reinstate the previously dismissed appeal, it was assigned to the Second Division
of the Pulaski County Circuit Court and given the new designation of case number CV 20035910. However, the case was subsequently transferred back to the First Division of Pulaski
County Circuit Court. The transfer order noted that while the case bore a new case number,
it was “the same case that was originally filed as Civil Case Number 2002-5512 on May 22,
2002.”
The City answered, denying that there was a timely appeal. The matter was then
stayed until November 8, 2004, because counsel for the City was on active duty in the United
States military. On November 19, 2004, the City filed a motion to dismiss under Ark. R.
Civ. P. 12(b)(1) and (h)(3). The City argued that if the matter was an appeal from the
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decision of the Board, the Wrights had failed to perfect their appeal pursuant to Ark. Code
Ann. § 14-56-425, and Ark. Dist. Ct. R. 8 and 9 and, if it was a declaratory judgment action,
there was no jurisdiction because the exclusive remedy for review of a decision of the Board
is by appeal pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 14-56-425. The City argued that while the
Wrights did timely file the certified record of the Board’s proceedings with the circuit court,
the case was dismissed, and the Wrights failed to refile within twelve months, arguing that the
savings statute (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-126 (1987)) did not apply.
The motion to dismiss was granted on March 9, 2005, based on a finding that there
was a lack of subject-matter jurisdiction because the Wrights failed to comply with Ark. Dist.
Ct. R. 9 and because the savings statute did not apply.
The Wrights filed a notice of appeal. They argue here that the trial court erred in
granting the motion to dismiss the administrative appeal and refusing to apply the savings
statute.
Notice of the Appeal
“As long as the record of the inferior court proceeding was filed with the circuit clerk
within 30 days of the entry of the judgment, the appeal is perfected.” McBride v. State, 297
Ark. 410, 412, 62 S.W.2d 785, 786 (1989).2 See also Ark. Dist. Ct. R. 9. Perfected means
that all legal steps have been taken which are necessary to complete the action undertaken.
See Black’s Law Dictionary 1173 (8th ed. 2004). Rule 9 is silent on how the circuit court is to
2
If no appeal is perfected within the time allowed and in the manner provided, the
action of the Board is final and binding on all parties. See, e.g., Mosby v. Office of Prof’l
Conduct, 356 Ark. 500, 156 S.W.3d 253 (2004).
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schedule briefing and hearings on the appeal. Under the current rules, the procedural method
used in the circuit court to hear the appeal is left to the circuit court’s discretion.
Our rules fail to provide adequate procedure on appeals to the circuit court. It is
apparent that the inadequate procedural rules in this case led to the confusion resulting in the
circuit court’s mistakenly dismissing an appeal for failure to perfect service when the appeal
was already perfected by appellants’ timely filing of the record. Once perfected, it was up to
the circuit court to set a briefing schedule or order hearings as required.
We refer the question of what further procedure should be provided to the Arkansas
Supreme Court Committee on Civil Practice.
This court held in Weiss v. Johnson, 331 Ark. 409, 961 S.W2d 28 (1998), that service
of process under Ark. R. Civ. P. 4 was required for an appeal from an administrative decision.
At the time Weiss was decided, Ark. Inferior Ct. R. 9(b) applied 3 and was silent on notice.
However, by amendment, this court specifically added to paragraph (b) that no notice of
appeal is required.4 Once the record is timely filed, the appeal is perfected. To the extent
that Weiss is inconsistent with this opinion, it is overruled.5 We also note that Rule 4 applies
3
“The Arkansas Inferior Court Rules were revised and renamed the Arkansas
District Court Rules, effective January 1, 2005, to comply with Amendment 80 of the
Arkansas Constitution.” Camp v. State, 364 Ark. 459, ___, ___ S.W.3d ___, ___ (2006).
4
See In Re: Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure; Rules of Appellate Procedure—Civil;
Rules of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals; and Inferior Court Rules, 355 Ark. Appx.
725 (2004).
5
The dissent states that, “[i]n sum, the bottom line is that, despite the circuit court’s
dismissal ‘without prejudice,’ the Wrights should have appealed the erroneous dismissal of their
appeal.” Even though that decision was in error, the parties had a right to rely on that decision.
King v. Carney, 341 Ark. 955, 20 S.W.3d 341 (2000). If there was an aggrieved party that should
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to service of the summons and complaint. There is no summons or complaint to be served
in this case. When the record was timely filed, the appeal was ripe for adjudication.
Complaint for Declaratory Judgment
Once the matter was dismissed without prejudice, the Wrights were left to decide how
to reinstate their appeal. The rules are silent on how an appellant should proceed in this
regard. The Wrights filed a complaint for declaratory judgment seeking to appeal the decision
of the Board. A declaratory-judgment action seeks to avoid uncertainty and insecurity with
respect to rights, status, and other legal relations. Wilmans v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 355 Ark.
668, 144 S.W.3d 245 (2004). However the pleading was captioned, it sought to continue the
appeal of the decision of the Board. Pleadings are to be liberally construed so as to do
substantial justice. Ark. R. Civ. P. 8(f). They should be construed to give effect to the
substance of the pleading rather than the form. Cornett v. Prather, 293 Ark. 108, 737 S.W.2d
159 (1987). The relief sought was the appeal of the decision of the Board, and that was clear
from the pleading.
Since filing the record of the hearing before the Board with the circuit court, the
Wrights have consistently sought to appeal that decision. We note that this case should not
be confused with one where a party obtains a judgment, abandons an appeal from that
judgment, and then attempts to have the matter adjudicated anew as if no judgment existed.
have appealed that first dismissal without prejudice, it was the City, who would obviously have
preferred a dismissal with prejudice so that the matter was brought completely to an end. The
City did not appeal. To hold that the Wrights had to appeal an order of dismissal without
prejudice, which was at the least a voidable order, creates a new trap for the bar for no discernible
purpose.
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This is prohibited because a judgment, or in this case the decision of the Little Rock Board
of Adjustment, stands until it is set aside by a superior tribunal. See Swint v. State, 356 Ark.
361, 152 S.W.3d 226 (2004); Watson v. White, 217 Ark. 853, 233 S.W.2d 544 (1950); Fowlkes
v. Central Supply Co., 187 Ark. 201, 58 S.W.2d 922 (1933); Burgess v. Poole, 45 Ark. 373
(1885). See also Wilson v. C & M Used Cars, 46 Ark. App. 281, 878 S.W.2d 427 (1994). In
this case, the Wrights are not attempting to have the Board decide the issue anew, but rather,
they are simply trying to reinstate their appeal that was dismissed in error.
Once the Wrights timely filed the record in the circuit court, their appeal was
perfected. Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4 concerns service of a summons and complaint
and does not apply. This matter is reversed and remanded for reinstatement of the appeal.
G LAZE and IMBER, JJ., dissent.
Annabelle Clinton Imber, J., dissenting. The majority opinion fashions a new and
novel mechanism for challenging the erroneous dismissal without prejudice of an appeal
properly lodged in the circuit court pursuant to Ark. Dist. Ct. R. 9. Henceforth, the
aggrieved party need not appeal the entry of an erroneous order of dismissal; rather, the
reinstatement of the appeal may be accomplished by filing a complaint for declaratory
judgment. I must respectfully disagree.
This appeal began when the Little Rock Board of Adjustment (“The Board”) denied
the Wrights’ appeal from a decision by the city’s zoning enforcement staff. The Wrights
properly appealed the Board’s decision by filing the record of the proceedings before the
8
Board in the circuit court; but, the court erroneously dismissed their appeal “without
prejudice” for lack of service in accordance with Ark. R. Civ. P. 4 (i) and (g). Arkansas Code
Annotated § 14-56-425 (Repl. 1998) states:
In addition to any remedy provided by law, appeals from final action taken by
the administrative and quasi-judicial agencies concerned in the administration
of this subchapter may be taken to the circuit court of the appropriate county
where they shall be tried de novo according to the same procedure which applies to
appeals in civil actions from decisions of inferior courts, including the right of trial by
jury.
Ark. Code Ann. § 14-56-425 (Repl. 1998) (emphasis added).6 Notably, the statutory
language providing for the action in question specifically provides that appeals from an
administrative agency are to be brought according to the same procedure as appeals from
decisions of inferior courts. We have consistently held that appeals from decisions of inferior
courts are not subject to dismissal without prejudice and that such a dismissal operates as a
dismissal of the appeal with prejudice. Watson v. White, 217 Ark. 853, 233 S.W.2d 544
(1950); Fowlkes v. Central Supply Co., 187 Ark. 201, 58 S.W.2d 922 (1933); Wilson v. C&M
Used Cars, 46 Ark. App. 281, 878 S.W.2d 427 (1994).7 In other words, the dismissal of a case
6
By a per curiam order dated December 9, 2004, the Inferior Court Rules have
been renamed the “District Court Rules.” See In Re: Adoption of Administrative Order
Number 18 and Amendment of District Court Rules (Formerly Known as Inferior Court Rules),
___ Ark. ___, ___ S.W.3d ___ (Dec. 9, 2004).
7
Though Watson and Fowlkes were decided before the Arkansas Rules of Civil
Procedure were adopted, those cases were cited with approval in Sosebee v. County Line
Sch. Dist., 320 Ark. 412, 897 S.W.3d 556 (1995), with the court noting that the statutory
right of a claimant to dismiss an action without prejudice is now found in Rule 41.
Likewise, the Sosebee court agreed with the decision by the Arkansas Court of Appeals in
Wilson v. C&M Used Cars, 46 Ark. App. 281, 878 S.W.2d 427 (1994). In that case, the
court of appeals held that Rule 41 “which applies to original actions in circuit court, does
9
appealed from an inferior court “simply [does] away with the appeal and [leaves] the
municipal court judgment valid and enforceable.” Wilson v. C&M Used Cars, 46 Ark. App.
at 286, 878 S.W.2d at 430. Because the plain language of Ark. Code Ann. § 14-56-425 put
the Wrights on notice that the inferior court rules applied, they were also put on notice of
this court’s case law holding that the circuit court’s dismissal order would operate as a
dismissal of the appeal with prejudice. In sum, the bottom line is that, despite the circuit
court’s dismissal “without prejudice,” the Wrights should have appealed the erroneous
dismissal of their appeal.8
The Wrights argue that, pursuant to our decision in Sosebee v. County Line Sch. Dist.,
320 Ark. 412, 897 S.W.3d 556 (1995), a dismissal without prejudice is appropriate in appeals
of administrative decisions. At issue in Sosebee was an appeal under the Teacher Fair
Dismissal Act, Ark. Code Ann. § 6-17-1501, et seq. (Repl. 1993), which provided for an
appeal to circuit court from a school board’s decision to dismiss a nonprobationary teacher.
Id. In resolving the issue of whether Ark. R. Civ. P. 41(a) applied to such appeals, this court
noted that Rule 81(a) states:
Applicability in General. These rules shall apply to all civil proceedings
not apply to an appeal from municipal court, so as to vest circuit court with the authority
to dismiss the cause of action without prejudice.” Wilson v. C&M Used Cars, 46 Ark.
App. at 286, 878 S.W.2d at 429.
8
The majority’s reliance on our decision in King v. Carney, 341 Ark. 955, 20
S.W.3d 341 (2000), is misplaced. While the plaintiff in King v. Carney, supra, had the
right to rely on the court’s valid order until such a time as the order was reconsidered, the
Wrights could not reasonably rely on an order that the circuit court never had the
authority to enter.
10
cognizable in the circuit, chancery, and probate courts of this State except in
those instances where a statute which creates a right, remedy or proceeding
specifically provides a different procedure in which event the procedure so
specified shall apply.
Ark. R. Civ. P. 81(a) (2005). Our court then stated:
The Rules thus apply to a proceeding unless a statute, which creates a right,
specifically provides for different procedure. Ms. Sosebee argues the right in
question in this case is the right to sue for a breach of contract which is rooted
in common law even though her contract was created pursuant to the Teacher
Fair Dismissal Act. She also argues the Rules apply because, even if the Act
were held to create a right, it does not specifically provide a procedure
"different" from the nonsuit without prejudice procedure found in Rule 41(a).
Sosebee v. County Line Sch. Dist., 320 Ark. 412, 897 S.W.2d 556 (1995). We concluded that,
in the absence of a different procedure being prescribed in the statute, the action by Ms.
Sosebee was subject to the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure, specifically Rule 41(a).
The Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure were similarly applied to an administrative
appeal in Weiss v. Johnson, 331 Ark. 409, 961 S.W.2d 28 (1998). In Weiss, the appellee’s
driving license was suspended by the Office of Driver Services of the Revenue Division of
the Department of Finance & Administration (DF&A). Id. The appellee filed a de novo
“petition for review” of the agency’s decision in circuit court, pursuant to Ark. Code Ann.
§ 5-65-104 (Repl. 1997), which allowed a person whose license had been suspended to “file
a petition for review within thirty (30) days in the circuit court in the county in which the
offense took place.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-65-104(c) (Repl. 1997). DF&A failed to appear
at the hearing, and the trial court entered a judgment in favor of the appellee. DF&A moved
to set aside the judgment, alleging that it was not served with the petition, in compliance
with Ark. R. Civ. P. 4, but the trial court denied that request, finding that the rule was not
11
applicable. Id.
This court disagreed. Specifically, we noted that, according to Ark. R. Civ. P. 81(a),
the rules of civil procedure “shall apply to all civil proceedings cognizable in the circuit
courts of this state except in those instances where a statute which creates a right, remedy or
proceeding specifically provides a different procedure in which event the procedure so
specified shall apply.” Ark. R. Civ. P. 81(a) (2005). Thus, the statute in question in Weiss
was a “special proceeding” because the right to administrative review was statutorily created.
However, as the statute in question did not specifically provide for a different procedure, the
Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure applied.
The instant case can be readily distinguished from the circumstances at issue in Sosebee
and Weiss. In Sosebee, the Teacher Fair Dismissal Act did not prescribe a specific procedure
for appealing the school board’s decision. That statute stated:
The exclusive remedy for any nonprobationary teacher aggrieved by the
decision made by the board shall be an appeal therefrom to the circuit court
of the county in which the school district is located, within seventy-five (75)
days of the date of written notice of the action of the board. Additional
testimony and evidence may be introduced on appeal to show facts and
circumstances showing that the termination or nonrenewal was lawful or
unlawful.
Ark. Code Ann. § 6-17-1510(d) (Repl. 1993). Similarly, in Weiss, the statute in question
provided for a remedy in the form of filing a petition for review, but did not designate
specific procedures by which such remedy was to be executed. Weiss v. Johnson, supra. In
this case, however, there is a specific procedure set forth for appealing the Board’s decision
– Ark. Code Ann. § 14-56-425. Moreover, the majority mistakenly overrules Weiss v.
12
Johnson, supra, because as explained above, the Weiss case involved an appeal that was
perfected by the filing of a “petition for review,” and not by the filing of a record pursuant
to the inferior court rules.
In essence, in this case, where the procedure for the appeal is the same procedure as
that used in an appeal of an inferior court’s decision to circuit court, which is not subject to
dismissal without prejudice under Rule 41(a), so too the dismissal without prejudice in this
case actually operated as a dismissal with prejudice and the savings statute, Ark. Code Ann.
§ 16-56-126, cannot apply. In the instant case, the circuit court held that the savings statute
did not apply because the Wrights failed to complete timely service. While the court erred
in its reasoning, the court’s judgment should be affirmed as reaching the right result for the
wrong reason. Fryar v. Touchstone Physical Therapy, Inc., ___ Ark.___, ___S.W.3d___ (Feb.
16, 2006); Middleton v. Lockhart, 355 Ark. 434, 139 S.W.3d 500 (2003). The original
appellate proceeding was effectively dismissed with prejudice on April 27, 2003, and the
Wrights failed to timely appeal that dismissal order. Consequently, in dismissing the instant
case with prejudice, the circuit court reached the right result for the wrong reason.
For the above-stated reasons, I respectfully dissent.
GLAZE, J., joins this dissent.
13
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