State of Arizona v Arthur Leon Thompson

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SUPREME COURT OF ARIZONA En Banc STATE OF ARIZONA, ) ) Appellee, ) ) v. ) ) ARTHUR LEON THOMPSON, ) ) Appellant. ) ) ) ) ) ) __________________________________) Arizona Supreme Court No. CR-00-0444-PR Court of Appeals Division One No. 1 CA-CR 99-0136 Maricopa County Superior Court No. CR 98-13305 O P I N I O N Appeal from the Superior Court of Arizona in Maricopa County The Honorable Bernard J. Dougherty, Judge AFFIRMED Court of Appeals, Division One 198 Ariz. 142, 7 P.3d 151 (App. 2000) VACATED Janet Napolitano, Attorney General By Randall M. Howe, Chief Counsel, Criminal Appeals Section and R. Wayne Ford, Assistant Attorney General Attorneys for the State of Arizona Phoenix James J. Haas, Maricopa County Public Defender By James R. Rummage, Deputy Public Defender Attorneys for Arthur Leon Thompson Phoenix M A R T O N E, Justice. ¶1 This case requires us to sort out the complexities of Arizona s sentence enhancement statutes. A.R.S. § 13-604 provides for sentence enhancement when the defendant has an historical prior felony conviction on his record. Section 13-702.02, which is more lenient than § 13-604, provides for sentence enhancement when a defendant is convicted of two or more felony offenses that were not committed on the same occasion but that either are consolidated for trial purposes or are not historical prior felony convictions as defined in A.R.S. § 13-604. I. ¶2 Arthur Leon Thompson committed two drug-related felonies on July 8, 1997 and December 19, 1997, respectively. 30, 1997, he committed theft, a class 6 felony. On December In May 1998, Thompson pled guilty to the two drug offenses but absconded before sentencing. He was taken into custody in September 1998, and was charged with theft. December 17, 1998. A jury found Thompson guilty of theft on He was sentenced on all three convictions at a consolidated hearing on January 29, 1999. ¶3 At the sentencing hearing, the state alleged that the drug offenses were historical prior felony convictions within the meaning of A.R.S. § 13-604(V)(1)(c), and that Thompson s theft sentence should therefore be enhanced in accordance with that 2 section. before Thompson argued that because he committed the theft he pled historical sentenced prior in enhancement, guilty to felony is drug offenses, convictions, a and with accordance theft the § A.R.S. they that were not he should be 13-702.02. probation-eligible offense Without with a presumptive sentence of one year in prison and a minimum term of six months. A.R.S. §§ 13-701 to -702. If enhanced under A.R.S. § 13-702.02(B)(4), prison is mandatory, the presumptive sentence is 1.75 years, and the minimum term is 1 year. If enhanced under A.R.S. § 13-604, the presumptive sentence is 3.75 years and the minimum term is 3 years. A.R.S. § 13-604(C). The trial court agreed with the state, applied A.R.S. § 13-604, and sentenced Thompson to three years in prison. ¶4 Thompson appealed, arguing that one is not convicted until one has been sentenced. Because he had not been sentenced on the drug offenses before sentencing on the theft offense, he contended that he should have been sentenced under A.R.S. § 13702.02. The court of appeals agreed and remanded for resentencing. State v. Thompson, 198 Ariz. 142, 7 P.3d 151 (App. 2000). ¶5 We granted review to determine which sentence enhancement statute applies when the defendant commits prior felonies before the offense for which he is being sentenced, yet is convicted of the prior felonies after commission, but before conviction, of the present offense. See Rule 31.19(c)(3), Ariz. R. Crim. P. 3 II. ¶6 When it is Jansen v. Christensen, 167 Ariz. 470, 471, 808 P.2d 1222, 1223 (1991). We determinative the of language the of a statute s statute is clear, construction. thus turn to the text of the statute. A.R.S. § 13-604(V)(1)(c) defines an historical prior felony conviction as [a]ny class 4, 5 or 6 felony . . . that was committed within the five years immediately preceding the date of the present offense. The statute does not refer to the timing of the conviction for the prior offense. present It just requires the prior offense to precede the offense. Thompson, however, argues that the term historical prior felony conviction, means the conviction must precede the present offense. But the statute provides only that the prior offense must precede the present offense. We do agree that the language prior felony conviction means something: the conviction on the prior offense must precede the conviction on the present offense. other In the same subsection of the statute, two of the definitions of historical prior felony presuppose a conviction on the prior offense. 604(V)(1)(a) & (d). convictions A.R.S. § 13- It would be absurd for the statute to require a conviction for more serious felonies, but not for less serious felonies such as Thompson s drug offenses. ¶7 Here, the drug offenses were committed before the theft 4 offense. So too, the convictions on the drug offenses preceded the conviction on the theft offense. One is convicted when there has been by a determination acceptance of a plea. P.2d 974, 994 (1995). at 994. of guilt verdict, finding, or the State v. Walden, 183 Ariz. 595, 615, 905 Sentencing is not required. Id., 905 P.2d Here, Thompson was convicted of the drug offenses by his plea in May 1998. He was convicted on the theft offense by verdict in December 1998. Not only were the drug offenses committed before the theft offense, but also the convictions on the drug offenses preceded the conviction on the theft offense. Thus, Thompson s sentence was properly enhanced under A.R.S. § 13-604. ¶8 Thompson argues that the legislature intended to change the result in State v. Hannah, 126 Ariz. 575, 617 P.2d 527 (1980), when it amended A.R.S. § 13-604 in 1993. The amendments eliminated the provision in A.R.S. § 13-604(H) (redesignated as A.R.S. § 13604(M)), that provided that [c]onvictions for two or more offenses not committed on the same occasion but consolidated for trial purposes may, at the discretion of the state, be counted as prior convictions for purposes of this section. ch. 255, § 7 (effective Jan. 1, 1994). 1993 Ariz. Sess. Laws, After this change, A.R.S. § 13-604(M) only proscribes sentence enhancement for so-called spree offenders, i.e., those who commit more than one offense on the same occasion, whether those offenses are tried together or separately. But this is consistent with A.R.S. § 13-604(V)(1)(c). 5 Offenses committed on the same occasion cannot be historical prior felony convictions, because the offenses that are the subject of the prior conviction must have been committed before the present offense. ¶9 The 1993 amendments also added A.R.S. § 13-702.02. Ariz. Sess. Laws, ch. 255, § 99 (effective Jan. 1, 1994). 1993 Thompson argues that our reading of A.R.S. § 13-604 renders A.R.S. § 13702.02 meaningless. enhancement for Section two or more 13-702.02 felony provides offenses that sentence were not committed on the same occasion but that either are consolidated for trial purposes or are not historical prior felony convictions as defined in § 13-604. A.R.S. § 13-702.02(A). But the scope of A.R.S. § 13-702.02 is consistent with our holding in this case. If offenses are consolidated for trial, the conviction on the prior offense cannot precede the conviction for the subsequent offense. Thus, when felonies are tried together, any enhancement must be pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-702.02. that predates the present Additionally, any prior offense offense by more than the period prescribed by A.R.S. § 13-604(V)(1)(b) or (c) is covered by A.R.S. § 13-702.02. The convictions did not occur at the same time and were not consolidated for trial. And the prior offenses were committed prescribed within 604(V)(1)(c). the time period by A.R.S. § 13- Thus, they are historical prior felony convictions. 6 III. ¶10 wants We apply the statute as written. the prior conviction to precede not If the legislature only the present conviction but also the present offense, it may re-write the statute. We vacate the opinion of the court of appeals and affirm the judgment of the superior court. Frederick J. Martone, Justice CONCURRING: Thomas A. Zlaket, Chief Justice Charles E. Jones, Vice Chief Justice Stanley G. Feldman, Justice Ruth V. McGregor, Justice 7

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