Travis Storey v. State of Alabama

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REL: 08/30/2013 Notice: This o p i n i o n i s s u b j e c t t o formal r e v i s i o n b e f o r e p u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e advance s h e e t s o f Southern R e p o r t e r . R e a d e r s a r e r e q u e s t e d t o n o t i f y t h e R e p o r t e r o f D e c i s i o n s , Alabama A p p e l l a t e C o u r t s , 300 D e x t e r A v e n u e , M o n t g o m e r y , A l a b a m a 3 6 1 0 4 - 3 7 4 1 ((334) 2 2 9 - 0 6 4 9 ) , o f a n y t y p o g r a p h i c a l o r o t h e r e r r o r s , i n o r d e r t h a t c o r r e c t i o n s may b e made b e f o r e t h e o p i n i o n i s p r i n t e d i n Southern R e p o r t e r . ALABAMA COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OCTOBER TERM, 2012-2013 CR-09-1628 T r a v i s Storey v. S t a t e o f Alabama Appeal from Calhoun C i r c u i t (CC-04-03.60) Court On R e t u r n t o Remand PER CURIAM. Windom, P.J., and Kellum, concurs s p e c i a l l y , with opinion. dissents i n part. J . , concur. Joiner, J . , Welch, J . , concurs i n p a r t ; Burke, J . , j o i n s i n d i s s e n t . CR-09-1628 JOINER, J u d g e , c o n c u r r i n g I write specially specially. to provide additional reasons a f f i r m i n g the c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s d e n i a l of T r a v i s S t o r e y ' s that the circuit court "erred to the e r r o r when i t c o n d u c t e d an a r r a i g n m e n t [him] b e i n g r e p r e s e n t e d by c o u n c e l degree of for claim reversible i n [ h i s ] case without [ s i c ] ( S t o r e y ' s brief, p. 21.) The relevant follows: In procedural August 2003, history the in this Calhoun matter County is Grand Jury i n d i c t e d S t o r e y on two c o u n t s o f a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r , see §§ 4-2 and 13A-6-2, A l a . Code 1975. On January 7, 2004, a p p e a r e d b e f o r e t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t f o r an " i n i t i a l at which talking Storey 51.) circuit circuit court 9, ( R e c o r d on R e t u r n t o Remand, C. 5 1 . ) 2004, t h e arraignment C. the that 13A- Storey appearance" "he [was] [ w i t h ] M e r r i l l Vardaman r e [ g a r d i n g ] r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f counsel." January informed as f o r January On January c o u r t and the circuit court i s s u e d an Thereafter, order on setting 27, 2004. ( R e c o r d on R e t u r n t o Remand, 27, 2004, Storey appeared before following occurred: "THE COURT: W e ' l l come t o o r d e r . M a t t e r s b e f o r e t h e C o u r t s e t f o r t h i s m o r n i n g a r e c a s e s CC 2004-003 and 004, e a c h s t y l e d S t a t e o f A l a b a m a v e r s u s T r a v i s S t o r e y , S-T-O-R-E-Y. You a r e T r a v i s S t o r e y ? 2 the CR-09-1628 "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: Yes o r no? "[Storey]: (Pointing t o Attorney Jack Draper.) "MR. DRAPER: I'm n o t r e p r e s e n t i n g y o u . "THE COURT: He d o e s n ' t r e p r e s e n t y o u a t t h i s p o i n t . You a r e T r a v i s S t o r e y ; i s t h a t c o r r e c t ? "[Storey]: Who i s r e p r e s e n t i n g me? "THE COURT: R i g h t now y o u r e p r e s e n t "[Storey]: yourself. I t h o u g h t y o u were g o i n g t o a p p o i n t him. "THE COURT: W e l l , I m i g h t a t a p o i n t , i f i t g e t s t o t h e p o i n t you a s k me t o a n d I f i n d y o u t o be i n d i g e n t . B u t t h a t h a s n ' t happened y e t . "[Storey]: I'm h e r e ? Shouldn't I be w i t h "THE COURT: Once y o u have an my a t t o r n e y i f attorney. " [ S t o r e y ] : So I'm j u s t g o i n g t h r o u g h t h i s a n d I a i n ' t g o t an a t t o r n e y . I d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d i t . What's y o u r name? "THE COURT: I t ' s g o i n g t o be a s t a r t i n g p o i n t , Mr. S t o r e y . A n d we s t a r t b y a s c e r t a i n i n g t h a t I have y o u r name c o r r e c t . T r a v i s S t o r e y i s y o u r c o r r e c t name? "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: Yes o r no? "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) 3 CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: You n e e d t o s p e a k o u t so s h e c a n t a k e t h a t down ( r e f e r r i n g t o C o u r t R e p o r t e r ) . "MR. DRAPER: You n e e d t o answer o u t . "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: T h a t ' s n o t an a n s w e r . "MR. DRAPER: V e r b a l l y , y o u n e e d t o answer ' y e s ' or 'no.' " [ S t o r e y ] : A r e you g o i n g t o r e p r e s e n t me? "MR. DRAPER: I f t h e j u d g e r e p r e s e n t you, y e s , s i r . appoints me to " [ S t o r e y ] : You gave me y o u r c a r d ( i n d i c a t i n g t o b u s i n e s s c a r d ) . What's y o u r name? "MR. DRAPER: J a c k "[Storey]: Jack Draper. Draper. "THE COURT: I s T r a v i s S t o r e y y o u r c o r r e c t name? "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: You n e e d t o a n s w e r o u t l o u d , ' y e s ' or 'no.' " [ S t o r e y ] : I g o t t o have a l a w y e r f i r s t . I mean, you ain't a p p o i n t e d me a lawyer. Ain't this arraignment? "THE COURT: I ' v e g o t t o know who y o u a r e f i r s t , b u t y o u d o n ' t want t o answer t h a t . " [ S t o r e y ] : I don't understand. "THE COURT: You d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d ? You d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d whether you a r e T r a v i s S t o r e y o r not? 4 CR-09-1628 "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: understand that? "[Storey]: You're nodding 'yes.' Do you ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: I s T r a v i s S t o r e y y o u r c o r r e c t name? "[Storey]: ( N o d d i n g h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: I show y o u ' r e I ' l l p u t t h a t down a s a ' y e s . ' nodding 'yes,' and " "Mr. S t o r e y , do y o u have an a t t o r n e y a t t h i s point who r e p r e s e n t s you? Have y o u h i r e d an attorney? " [ S t o r e y ] : You h i r e d me o n e - - y o u h i r e d me one before I got here. "THE COURT: No, n o t y e t . "[Storey]: Oh, you d i d n ' t a p p o i n t Mr. D r a p e r ? "THE COURT: I f y o u ' r e would. "[Storey]: I said that I Sir? "THE COURT: indigent f i r s t . "[Storey]: indigent I've got to f i n d that you're W h i c h means? "THE COURT: W h i c h means y o u d o n ' t have t h e money t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y . II 5 CR-09-1628 "Have y o u h i r e d an a t t o r n e y t o r e p r e s e n t "[Storey]: you? (No r e s p o n s e . ) "THE COURT: Up t o now have y o u ? "[Storey]: (Shakes h e a d f r o m s i d e t o s i d e . ) "THE COURT: Y o u ' r e s h a k i n g 'no.' "[Storey]: You my a t t o r n e y ? "MR. DRAPER: R i g h t now y o u have n o t h i r e d me. "[Storey]: You want y o u r card? "MR. DRAPER: No, s i r , you have n o t h i r e d me. The judge i s going t o g e t t o t h a t p o i n t i n a second. J u s t r i g h t now you have n o t h i r e d an a t t o r n e y . "[Storey]: So I'm g o i n g t o t r i a l "THE COURT: U n l e s s r o a d you w i l l . "[Storey]: you p l e a d right guilty here. down t h e Can I a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g ? "MR. DRAPER: I ' l l a s k y o u - - t h i s i s a l l b e i n g t a k e n down on t h e r e c o r d r i g h t now. Don't s a y a n y t h i n g about t h e f a c t s o f t h e case. "[Storey]: I understand that. "MR. DRAPER: Okay. " [ S t o r e y ] : B u t I'm h a v i n g a r r a i g n m e n t ; r i g h t ? I j u s t g o t l o c k e d up. A n d I a i n ' t e v e n b e e n t o no p r e l i m i n a r y h e a r i n g . I mean, how i s t h a t p o s s i b l e , you know? How c a n I - - I ' v e b e e n t h r o w n i n w i t h o u t b e i n g l e g a l l y f i r s t - - d o you u n d e r s t a n d ? By p r o c e d u r e 6 CR-09-1628 I s h o u l d go t o t h e p r e l i m i n a r y h e a r i n g . A n d h e r e i t i s t o d a y , I'm l i k e g o i n g t h r o u g h a r r a i g n m e n t a n d a l l t h i s a n d I h a v e n ' t h a d none o f t h i s . "THE COURT: W e l l , Mr. S t o r e y - - "[Storey]: -- I d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d . I mean-¬ "THE COURT: Y o u a n d I went t h r o u g h t h i s a t y o u r i n i t i a l a p p e a r a n c e h e a r i n g on J a n u a r y t h e 7 t h . A n d I e x p l a i n e d t o you-¬ " [ S t o r e y ] : --When? "THE COURT: --you h a d b e e n i n d i c t e d b y t h e G r a n d J u r y . A n d once y o u were i n d i c t e d y o u do n o t have a right to a preliminary hearing after that. "[Storey]: But--this a t t e m p t e d murder you s a y ? "THE anything a case COURT: Two c a s e s o f a t t e m p t e d "[Storey]: "MR. is of being murder. Okay. DRAPER: Again, Mr. Storey, don't say about-¬ "[Storey]: - - A r e y o u r e p r e s e n t i n g me? "MR. DRAPER: I'm j u s t - ¬ " [ S t o r e y ] : --I'm j u s t a s k i n g a q u e s t i o n . Y e a o r nay? "THE COURT: He h a s n ' t b e e n a p p o i n t e d . Y o u won't l e t us g e t t o t h a t p o i n t . " "Mr. S t o r e y , have y o u h i r e d r e p r e s e n t you i n t h e s e cases? 7 an a t t o r n e y t o CR-09-1628 "[Storey]: (Shaking head f r o m s i d e t o s i d e . ) "THE COURT: T h a t ' s a ' n o . ' "Are y o u g o i n g t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y t o r e p r e s e n t you? "[Storey]: Y e a h . I n e e d one? "THE COURT: T h a t ' s up t o y o u t o d e c i d e , i t s n o t for me t o d e c i d e . I f y o u have the f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y , you c a n do s o . I f you d o n ' t have t h e money a n d t h e C o u r t f i n d s y o u t o be w h a t ' s c a l l e d i n d i g e n t , d o n ' t have t h e a b i l i t y t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y , t h e n t h e c o u r t w i l l a p p o i n t an a t t o r n e y t o represent you. " "I'm t r y i n g t o g e t t o t h e p o i n t o f h a v i n g y o u a r r a i g n e d and d e t e r m i n i n g first i f y o u have an a t t o r n e y . A n d i f n o t , a r e y o u i n d i g e n t a n d do y o u want t h e C o u r t t o a p p o i n t an a t t o r n e y . A n d i f y o u ' r e i n d i g e n t I ' l l a p p o i n t an a t t o r n e y . A n d t h e n w e ' l l p r o c e e d w i t h a r r a i g n m e n t a n d have y o u e n t e r y o u r pleas. "Now, y o u ' v e t o l d me t h a t y o u h a v e n ' t h i r e d an a t t o r n e y . A r e you-¬ "[Storey]: an --Are you-¬ "THE COURT: - - A r e y o u f i n a n c i a l l y a b l e t o h i r e attorney? " [ S t o r e y ] : W i l l a l l t h i s be d i s m i s s e d upon me? "THE COURT: No. I t may be d i s m i s s e d , b u t i t may go t o t r i a l . "[Storey]: How d i d I g e t i n t o a l l t h i s ? 8 CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: Y o u were County Grand J u r y . i n d i c t e d by the Calhoun " [ S t o r e y ] : A n d t h e y i n d i c t e d me on what c o u n t s ? What a c c o u n t s ( s i c ) d i d t h e y have t o i n d i c t me? "THE COURT: Y o u know, s i r . They i n d i c t e d y o u f o r two cases o f attempted m u r d e r o f Rodney Dean P h i l l i p s and o f Maurice K i r b y . " [ S t o r e y ] : So t h e y i n d i c t e d me o n - - o u t s i d e o f t h e c a s e . I m e a n - - o u t s i d e o f t h e s y s t e m o r - - I mean, who i s t h e v i c t i m s ? " "THE COURT: A n d I'm a s k i n g you, do y o u have t h e r e s o u r c e s t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y ? Have y o u g o t money i n t h e b a n k ? Do y o u own l a n d ? Have y o u g o t o t h e r p r o p e r t y y o u c a n t u r n i n t o c a s h t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y ? I t ' s a ' y e s ' or 'no' question. "[Storey]: "THE (No r e s p o n s e . ) COURT: A r e y o u g o i n g t o a n s w e r my q u e s t i o n ? "[Storey]: How d i d I g e t h e r e ? "THE COURT: I ' v e t o l d you t h r e e t i m e s . Y o u were i n d i c t e d . E v i d e n c e went b e f o r e t h e G r a n d J u r y , t h e Grand Jury i n d i c t e d you. " [ S t o r e y ] : S i n c e - - w h e n i t goes i n f r o n t o f t h a t , s h o u l d n ' t i t be a l a w y e r t h e r e a n d t h e DA t h e r e ? A n d s h o u l d I be p r e s e n t , y o u know, w i t h t h i s , Mr. S t r e e t ? No d i s r e s p e c t . I j u s t n e e d t o u n d e r s t a n d a b o u t i t . I mean--because-¬ "THE COURT: -- I have t o l d y o u . 9 CR-09-1628 "[Storey]: procedures. --because I'm going through these "THE COURT: I'm g o i n g t o s e n d h i m b a c k t o t h e j a i l . He d o e s n ' t want t o answer t h e q u e s t i o n s . " ( R e c o r d on D i r e c t A p p e a l , Storey again following appeared R1. 4 - 1 4 . ) before 1 On F e b r u a r y the c i r c u i t 25, 2004, court and t h e occurred: "THE COURT: C o u r t w i l l come t o o r d e r . M a t t e r s b e f o r e the Court a t t h i s time a r i s e out o f c r i m i n a l c a s e s CC 04-03 a n d 04, e a c h s t y l e d S t a t e o f A l a b a m a v e r s u s T r a v i s S t o r e y . Mr. S t o r e y i s p r e s e n t . "Mr. today? Storey, "[Storey]: a r e you g o i n g (Nodding t o speak with me h e a d up a n d down.) "THE COURT: J u s t f o r t h e r e c o r d , Mr. T r a v i s S t o r e y i s p r e s e n t a n d h a s b e e n b e f o r e t h i s C o u r t . He was h e r e i n e a c h o f t h e s e c a s e s on J a n u a r y t h e 7 t h f o r an i n i t i a l a p p e a r a n c e h e a r i n g . A t t h a t t i m e Mr. S t o r e y c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h t h e C o u r t a n d s a i d he was t a l k i n g t o Mr. M e r r i l l Vardaman a b o u t p o s s i b l e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n as h i s a t t o r n e y . Mr. S t o r e y - ¬ "(The D e f e n d a n t h a n d e d a document t o t h e d e p u t y . The d e p u t y h a n d e d t h e document t o t h e C o u r t . ) "THE COURT: --was b r o u g h t b a c k b e f o r e t h i s C o u r t on J a n u a r y 2 7 t h , 2004, a n d t h e C o u r t s p o k e w i t h h i m , a s k i n g q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g w h e t h e r he was i n d i g e n t The record i n Storey's d i r e c t appeal contains three separate reporter's transcripts o f v a r i o u s h e a r i n g s and p r o c e e d i n g s , e a c h numbered s e p a r a t e l y . Thus, t h e r e p o r t e r ' s t r a n s c r i p t s r e f e r e n c e d a r e d e n o t e d as "R1," "R2," a n d "R3." 1 10 CR-09-1628 o r n o t . A n d Mr. S t o r e y e l e c t e d o r r e f u s e d t o answer t h e C o u r t ' s q u e s t i o n s . The C o u r t t h e n r e t u r n e d h i m to j a i l . "Mr. S t o r e y i s h e r e t h i s a f t e r n o o n f o r t h e C o u r t t o e n t e r h i s p l e a . The C o u r t h a s p r o v i d e d h i m c o p i e s o f t h e i n d i c t m e n t . He i n d i c a t e d he r e c e i v e d t h o s e a f t e r he was a r r e s t e d . I ' l l r e a d t h o s e i n d i c t m e n t s at t h i s time. "'CC 04-03, S t a t e o f A l a b a m a , C a l h o u n C o u n t y . I n the C i r c u i t Court o f Calhoun County, August S e s s i o n 2003. The G r a n d J u r y o f C a l h o u n C o u n t y c h a r g e t h a t before the f i n d i n g of t h i s indictment Travis Storey, whose t r u e name t o t h e G r a n d J u r y i s o t h e r w i s e unknown, d i d on o r a b o u t M a r c h 2 8 t h , 2003, w i t h t h e i n t e n t t o commit t h e c r i m e o f murder, Section 13A-6-2 o f t h e A l a b a m a C r i m i n a l Code, a t t e m p t t o intentionally cause t h e death o f another person, t o - w i t : M a u r i c e K i r b y , by s h o o t i n g him s e v e r a l times w i t h a f i r e a r m , i n v i o l a t i o n o f S e c t i o n 13A-4-2 o f t h e A l a b a m a C r i m i n a l Code, a g a i n s t t h e p e a c e a n d d i g n i t y o f t h e S t a t e o f Alabama.' " T h a t i n d i c t m e n t c h a r g e s y o u , Mr. S t o r e y , the o f f e n s e o f a t t e m p t e d murder. with "I ask the question: charge? that "[Storey]: "THE (Shaking Do y o u u n d e r s t a n d head from s i d e t o s i d e . ) COURT: How do y o u p l e a d t o t h a t "[Storey]: Who i s this person--who i s t h e p e r s o n ? "THE you person? charge? What type p e r s o n ? The w o r d s that COURT: Who i s what p e r s o n ? "[Storey]: quoted. Who i s t h i s 11 CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: The q u o t e That's the charge. i s from t h e i n d i c t m e n t . " [ S t o r e y ] : The w h o l e q u o t e m e n t ( s i c ) , t h a t you s a i d , who i s t h e p e r s o n ? "THE COURT: The d e f e n d a n t i s you, T r a v i s S t o r e y . "[Storey]: "THE everything (Shaking head from s i d e t o s i d e . ) COURT: A r e y o u a s k i n g who i s M a u r i c e K i r b y ? "[Storey]: Who i s t h e p e r s o n ? "THE COURT: O t h e r t h a n t h o s e t w o , t h o s e a r e t h e o n l y two t h a t a r e l i s t e d . "[Storey]: "THE Y o u s a i d one. COURT: A r e you s a y i n g who i s t h e Grand Jury? "[Storey]: "THE Who i s t h a t person? COURT: What p e r s o n ? " [ S t o r e y ] : What p e r s o n y o u t a l k i n g a b o u t ? "THE COURT: I'm n o t t a l k i n g a b o u t a n y p a r t i c u l a r person, I've j u s t read t h e i n d i c t m e n t t o you, t h e c h a r g e t h a t ' s b e e n made a g a i n s t y o u b y t h e C a l h o u n County Grand J u r y . "[Storey]: "THE COURT: Y o u , T r a v i s "[Storey]: "THE Who name y o u c a l l e d ? Storey. Who name y o u c a l l ? COURT: What i s my name? I'm Judge "[Storey]: For that person. 12 Street. CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: F o r what person? " [ S t o r e y ] : T h i s here says, t h i s says nor s h o u l d any p e r s o n be s u b j e c t f o r t h e same o f f e n s e t o be t w i c e i n j e o p a r d y o f l i f e o r l i m b n o r s h a l l be c o m p e l l e d t o be a w i t n e s s a g a i n s t h i m s e l f . " I t then s t a t e s r i g h t here, i t s a y s - - i t says r i g h t h e r e , t h a t y o u - - d i d y o u r e c e i v e y o u r c o p y up there? "THE COURT: I have b e e n h a n d e d a c o p y o f page 769 o f some book. " [ S t o r e y ] : I s you f a m i l i a r w i t h t h a t copy, sir? "THE COURT: What i s l i s t e d a s a p p e n d i x one, w h i c h a r e h e r e t h e f i r s t e i g h t amendments t o t h e United States constitution. "[Storey]: Yes, "THE sir. COURT: I'm f a m i l i a r w i t h "[Storey]: it. So why am I h e r e ? F o r what reasons? "THE COURT: Y o u have b e e n i n d i c t e d , c h a r g e d w i t h a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r i n two c a s e s . "[Storey]: To who? "THE COURT: You've been c h a r g e d w i t h a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r o f M a u r i c e K i r b y . A n d o f Rodney Dean P h i l l i p s t h e n i n c a s e 04-04. " [ S t o r e y ] : Who i s t h e s e p e r s o n s ? "THE COURT: I o n l y know t h e i r names, " [ S t o r e y ] : I heard you. 13 sir. CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: A l l r i g h t . My q u e s t i o n a g a i n i s , having heard the Court read the indictment charging you i n t h i s f i r s t c a s e w i t h a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r , how do you p l e a d t o t h a t c h a r g e ? "[Storey]: p e o p l e . I don't I don't understand know why I'm h e r e . who are these "THE COURT: A l l r i g h t . The C o u r t t h e n e n t e r s f o r you a n d on y o u r b e h a l f a p l e a o f n o t g u i l t y . [ 2 ] "[Storey]: So y o u d e p r i v e me o f my life. "THE COURT: S i r ? " [ S t o r e y ] : Y o u h e a r d me. "THE COURT: No, s i r , I d i d n ' t . I h e a r d y o u s a y something. You're a s k i n g something i s a l l I heard. " [ S t o r e y ] : So y o u j u s t g o i n g t o i n c r i m i n a t e me on t h e s e c h a r g e s ? "THE COURT: I'm n o t i n c r i m i n a t i n g I'm e n t e r i n g a p l e a o f n o t g u i l t y . you a t a l l . " [ S t o r e y ] : W h i c h i s p l a c i n g me t o be what? all "THE COURT: W h i c h i s s i m p l y f o r y o u a s s e r t i n g o f your l e g a l r i g h t s . " [ S t o r e y ] : I t ' s p l a c i n g me t o be what? When y o u , s i r , Judge S t r e e t , p l a c e t h a t i n t h e r e , what d i d y o u do? Y o u p l a c e d what on me? R u l e 1 4 . 2 ( d ) , A l a . R. C r i m . P., s t a t e s t h a t " [ i ] f a d e f e n d a n t , when a r r a i g n e d , f a i l s o r r e f u s e s t o p l e a d , o r i f a g u i l t y p l e a i s not accepted, the court s h a l l enter a p l e a of not g u i l t y and s e t t h e case f o r t r i a l . " 2 14 CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: You have n o t a n s w e r e d t o t h e i n d i c t m e n t s so u n d e r t h e l a w I'm e n t e r i n g a p l e a o f not g u i l t y . " [ S t o r e y ] : Okay. L i s t e n here b e f o r e w i t h t h i s ? "THE COURT: Y e s , s i r , "[Storey]: "THE Twice? to this. Have we b e e n twice. Okay. COURT: Now, i n c a s e - ¬ " [ S t o r e y ] : S o - - s o t h e f i r s t t i m e we was h e r e you didn't-¬ "THE COURT: --The f i r s t t i m e we were h e r e f o r an i n i t i a l appearance. " [ S t o r e y ] : You d i d n ' t a c c e p t t h a t . "THE COURT: Yeah, f o r t h a t h e a r i n g t h a t we h a d . We h a d an i n i t i a l a p p e a r a n c e . "[Storey]: "THE COURT: arraignment, We're here a twice? second time f o r f o r a p l e a t o be e n t e r e d a n d - ¬ "[Storey]: "THE So why i s we d o i n g t h i s --We d i d n ' t do t h a t t h e f i r s t time? COURT: No, s i r , we d i d n ' t . "[Storey]: How many t i m e s I b e e n i n front of you? "THE questions w i t h your COURT: I'm n o t h e r e t o answer your p a r t i c u l a r l y . We're h e r e t o go f o r w a r d arraignment. "[Storey]: How many t i m e s you? 15 have I b e e n before CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: How many-- I a s k y o u , how many t i m e s have you b e e n b e f o r e me? "[Storey]: (Shrugging "THE shoulders.) COURT: I have a n u m b e r , I know a number. "[Storey]: Sir? "THE COURT: I know t h e number o f t i m e s been b e f o r e me. "[Storey]: question? "THE So you w i s h not to you've answer the COURT: I d o n ' t have t o . " I n c a s e CC 04-04, t h e i n d i c t m e n t r e a d s : ' S t a t e of Alabama, Calhoun County. I n t h e C i r c u i t Court o f C a l h o u n C o u n t y , A u g u s t S e s s i o n 2003. The G r a n d J u r y of Calhoun County charge t h a t b e f o r e t h e f i n d i n g o f t h i s i n d i c t m e n t T r a v i s S t o r e y , whose t r u e name t o t h e G r a n d J u r y i s o t h e r w i s e unknown, d i d on o r a b o u t M a r c h 27, 2003, w i t h t h e i n t e n t t o commit t h e c r i m e o f m u r d e r , S e c t i o n 13A-6-2 o f t h e A l a b a m a C r i m i n a l Code-- ' "[Storey]: - - E x c u s e me. "THE COURT: ' A t t e m p t t o i n t e n t i o n a l l y c a u s e t h e death of another person, to-wit: Rodney Dean Phillips-- ' "[Storey]: - - E x c u s e me, sir. "THE COURT: 'By s h o o t i n g h i m s e v e r a l t i m e s w i t h a f i r e a r m , i n v i o l a t i o n o f S e c t i o n 13A-4-2 o f t h e Code o f A l a b a m a , a g a i n s t t h e p e a c e a n d d i g n i t y o f the S t a t e o f Alabama.' "[Storey]: E x c u s e me, 16 sir. CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: T h a t i n d i c t m e n t c h a r g e s y o u , Mr. S t o r e y , w i t h t h e o f f e n s e o f a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r . Do you understand t h a t charge? "[Storey]: "THE me, s i r . How d i d I g e t h e r e ? COURT: Do you u n d e r s t a n d t h a t "[Storey]: "THE Excuse charge? How d i d I g e t h e r e ? COURT: You were i n d i c t e d b y t h e G r a n d J u r y . " [ S t o r e y ] : How was I i n d i c t e d b e f o r e I e v e n went t o what y ' a l l c a l l an i n i t i a l a p p e a r a n c e of the preliminary? "THE COURT: A G r a n d J u r y c a n t a k e up a m a t t e r , can i n v e s t i g a t e i t - ¬ "[Storey]: "THE - - b u t who h a s - ¬ COURT: - - a n d c a n i s s u e o u t an i n d i c t m e n t . " [ S t o r e y ] : Who h a s t h e r i g h t t o b i n d i t o v e r ? "THE COURT: S i r ? " [ S t o r e y ] : Who h a s t h e r i g h t t o b i n d i t o v e r ? "THE COURT: I t ' s not a bind over. The G r a n d Jury-¬ "[Storey]: --Excuse me-¬ "THE COURT REPORTER: - - E x c u s e me, b u t o n l y one person speaking at a time. "THE COURT: L e t me f i n i s h my answer t o you. A n d t h e n t h e y may r e t u r n an i n d i c t m e n t , w h i c h t h e y d i d i n each o f these cases. 17 CR-09-1628 " [ S t o r e y ] : Y e s , s i r , no d i s r e s p e c t t o y o u . B u t who--how--who was t h e G r a n d J u r y ? Who was t h e y s e l e c t e d from? "THE COURT: From t h e c i t i z e n s of t h i s county. " "THE COURT: Okay. Now, I ' v e r e a d this s e c o n d i n d i c t m e n t t o y o u . L e t me a s k how you p l e a d . "[Storey]: (pointing)? Is this the District Attorney " "THE COURT: Mr. S t o r e y , I'm a s k i n g you how you p l e a d t o t h a t charge o f attempted murder. "[Storey]: S i r , I d o n ' t e v e n know why I'm h e r e . "THE COURT: I show t h a t Mr. S t o r e y refused to enter pleas. has a g a i n " [ S t o r e y ] : Not r e f u s e d . Not r e f u s e d , b u t don't know why I'm h e r e . "THE COURT: The C o u r t h e r e b y e n t e r s n o t g u i l t y on Mr. S t o r e y ' s b e h a l f . a plea of " W i l l you a n s w e r q u e s t i o n s f o r me c o n c e r n i n g w h e t h e r you have t h e l e g a l a b i l i t y t o h i r e an a t t o r n e y o r not? "[Storey]: S i r , I d o n ' t e v e n know why I'm h e r e , sir. "THE COURT: I made i t as c l e a r a s I c a n . " [ S t o r e y ] : I heard know why I'm h e r e . what you s a i d , b u t I d o n ' t 18 CR-09-1628 "THE COURT: W e l l , you c h o o s e n o t t o u n d e r s t a n d i t w o u l d a p p e a r t o me. T h i s i s t h e s e c o n d a t t e m p t t h a t I have u n d e r g o n e t o have p l e a s e n t e r e d t o t h e c h a r g e s . A n d I'm p r e p a r e d t o a p p o i n t c o u n s e l t o represent you." ( R e c o r d on D i r e c t A p p e a l , R1. 17-29.) c o u r t a p p o i n t e d Jack Draper Direct Appeal, R1. 30.) f i l e d a motion conflict to represent Storey. t o withdraw irreconcilable [Storey]." (Record On December as t r i a l has on D i r e c t court granted Draper's Thereafter, the c i r c u i t motion 14, 2004, ( R e c o r d on Jack Draper c o u n s e l s t a t i n g t h a t "an developed Appeal, between C. 16.) he and The c i r c u i t a n d a p p o i n t e d Shaun Q u i n l a n t o represent Storey. On A u g u s t 8, 2005, S t o r e y a p p e a r e d i n the c i r c u i t court and t h e f o l l o w i n g o c c u r r e d : "MR. QUINLAN: J u d g e , I want t o s a y t h a t ... on F r i d a y , A u g u s t 5 t h , I went down t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r o r n o t Mr. S t o r e y w a n t e d a t r i a l i n t h i s c a s e . "THE COURT: We a r e t a l k i n g a b o u t y o u r c a s e , Mr. S t o r e y . I f you-¬ " [ S t o r e y ] : Mr. Q u i n l a n i s no l o n g e r on i t . "THE point. COURT: I'm sorry. He still i s at this "MR. QUINLAN: A n d I went down t o s p e a k w i t h Mr. S t o r e y t o s e e i f he w a n t e d a t r i a l . " [ S t o r e y ] : He w a s n ' t s u p p o s e d t o be my a t t o r n e y . 19 CR-09-1628 "MR. QUINLAN: Mr. S t o r e y indicated t o me t h a t - - a n d I t h i n k I need t o b r i n g i t t o t h e C o u r t ' s a t t e n t i o n t h a t he w a n t e d t o c o n d u c t h i s own t r i a l and have me a s s i s t h i m o n l y . A n d I e x p l a i n e d t o h i m t h a t he c o u l d n o t have t h a t r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h me a t t r i a l . And i f he d i d n o t want my a s s i s t a n c e - - a n d t h a t ' s why I a s k e d t h e C o u r t t o s e t t h i s f o r a h e a r i n g t o d a y so t h a t Mr. S t o r e y c o u l d r e p r e s e n t t o t h e C o u r t t h a t he w a n t e d t o r e p r e s e n t h i m s e l f a t trial without the b e n e f i t of court appointed counsel. "[Storey]: I t just ain't right. "MR. QUINLAN: A n d I w o u l d a l s o a d d , J u d g e , t h a t Mr. S t o r e y h a s i n i t i a l l y i n d i c a t e d t h a t he w a n t e d t o go t o t r i a l l a s t F r i d a y a g a i n a n d t h a t he s a i d - - I a s k e d h i m what w i t n e s s e s I needed t o subpoena, b e c a u s e he i n d i c a t e d he h a d w i t n e s s e s who were g o i n g t o come. He w o u l d n ' t t e l l me who t h e y were n o r what t h e y were g o i n g t o s a y . A n d i f t h o s e p e o p l e a c t u a l l y e x i s t , i t w o u l d compromise my a b i l i t y t o r e p r e s e n t him. A n d I j u s t w a n t e d t o l e t t h e C o u r t know t h a t he has n o t c o o p e r a t e d w i t h me i n t r y i n g t o p r e s e n t t h e b e s t defense p o s s i b l e f o r him i n t h e event t h i s case goes t o t r i a l . " ( R e c o r d on D i r e c t A p p e a l , On J u l y 3 1 , 2006, before v o i r dire, R2. 9-11.) Storey's trial S t o r e y was p r e s e n t began and immediately i n court with h i s t r i a l c o u n s e l , Shaun Q u i n l a n , b o t h i n d i c t m e n t s c h a r g i n g S t o r e y w i t h attempted court m u r d e r were noted Storey's that behalf. some p o i n t d u r i n g a read i n h i s presence, not-guilty (Record trial, plea had on D i r e c t A p p e a l , Storey 20 informed and t h e c i r c u i t been entered R3. 37-39.) the c i r c u i t on At court CR-09-1628 t h a t he w i s h e d trial. t o represent h i m s e l f f o r the remainder o f the (Record on D i r e c t A p p e a l , R3. 304-05.) After, the c i r c u i t c o u r t q u e s t i o n e d S t o r e y about h i s d e s i r e t o r e p r e s e n t himself, the following occurred: "THE COURT: B a s e d upon t h e C o u r t ' s c o n s i d e r i n g t h e a n s w e r s o f t h e d e f e n d a n t , Mr. S t o r e y , he h a s a s k e d t o r e p r e s e n t h i m s e l f . He w a i v e s t h e r i g h t t o counsel. I f i n d t h a t he's doing so knowingly, i n t e l l i g e n t l y , and v o l u n t a r i l y . " [ S t o r e y ] : Uh-huh (indicating yes). "THE COURT: I have f u l l y a d v i s e d h i m o f h i s r i g h t under Rule 6 t o withdraw t h a t w a i v e r o f t h e r i g h t o f c o u n s e l a t a n y t i m e i f he so c h o o s e s . " ( R e c o r d on D i r e c t A p p e a l , himself throughout sentencing the remainder Storey then of represented the t r i a l and t h e hearing. S t o r e y now a l l e g e s , Ala. R3. 321.) among o t h e r t h i n g s , i n h i s R u l e 32, R. C r i m . P., p e t i t i o n f o r p o s t c o n v i c t i o n r e l i e f t h a t t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t " e r r e d t o t h e d e g r e e o f r e v e r s i b l e e r r o r when i t conducted an a r r a i g n m e n t i n [ h i s ] case r e p r e s e n t e d by c o u n c e l [ s i c ] . " In Hamilton case--the v. A l a b a m a , United "[a]rraignment States under [him] being ( S t o r e y ' s b r i e f , p. 21.) 368 U.S. 52 Supreme Alabama without Court (1961)--a explained law i s a c r i t i c a l 21 capital stage that in a CR-09-1628 criminal proceeding" because certain defenses may be " i r r e t r i e v a b l y l o s t , i f n o t t h e n a n d t h e r e a s s e r t e d . " 368 U.S. at 53-54. Specifically, t h e Supreme f o l l o w i n g d e f e n s e s were " i r r e t r i e v a b l y Court found that the l o s t " i f not raised at arraignment: " t h e d e f e n s e o f i n s a n i t y must be p l e a d e d (15 A l a . Code s 4 2 3 ) , o r t h e o p p o r t u n i t y i s l o s t . M o r r e l l v. S t a t e , 136 A l a . 44, 34 So. 208. T h e r e a f t e r t h a t p l e a may n o t be made e x c e p t i n t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e t r i a l j u d g e , and h i s r e f u s a l t o accept i t i s ' n o t r e v i s a b l e ' on a p p e a l . Rohn v. S t a t e , 186 A l a . 5, 8, 65 So. 42, 43. C f . G a r r e t t v . S t a t e , 248 A l a . 612, 614-615, 29 So. 2d 8, 9. P l e a s i n a b a t e m e n t must a l s o be made a t t h e t i m e o f a r r a i g n m e n t . 15 A l a . Code s 279. I t i s t h e n t h a t m o t i o n s t o q u a s h b a s e d on s y s t e m a t i c e x c l u s i o n o f one r a c e f r o m grand juries (Reeves v. S t a t e , 264 A l a . 476, 88 So. 2d 5 6 1 ) , o r on t h e g r o u n d t h a t t h e g r a n d j u r y was o t h e r w i s e i m p r o p e r l y drawn ( W h i t e h e a d v. S t a t e , 206 A l a . 288, 90 So. 3 5 1 ) , must be made." 22 CR-09-1628 Hamilton, 368 that, capital in U.S. a t 53-54. cases, a The 3 Supreme C o u r t defendant is then entitled to a s s i s t a n c e o f c o u n s e l a t a r r a i g n m e n t and t h e f a i l u r e the a s s i s t a n c e Additionally, to of c o u n s e l at arraignment requires held the t o have reversal. t h e Supreme C o u r t e x p l a i n e d " [ w ] h e n one pleads a c a p i t a l c h a r g e w i t h o u t b e n e f i t o f c o u n s e l , we do n o t s t o p I n o t e t h a t A l a b a m a l a w has c h a n g e d a g r e a t d e a l s i n c e H a m i l t o n was a n n o u n c e d i n 1961, and I q u e s t i o n w h e t h e r t h e c o n c e r n s r a i s e d by t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Supreme C o u r t i n H a m i l t o n are now w a r r a n t e d . E v e n t h o u g h an " i n s a n i t y " d e f e n s e s h o u l d be r a i s e d a t t h e t i m e o f a r r a i g n m e n t , i t may a l s o be r a i s e d l a t e r at the d i s c r e t i o n of the t r i a l c o u r t ; a d d i t i o n a l l y , whether the t r i a l c o u r t p r o p e r l y e x e r c i s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n i n d i s a l l o w i n g t h e l a t e r p l e a i s now r e v i e w a b l e on a p p e a l u n d e r an abuse o f d i s c r e t i o n s t a n d a r d . See C a r t h o n v. S t a t e , 419 So. 2d 293, 299 ( A l a . C r i m . App. 1982) ("We h o l d t h a t u n d e r t h e f a c t s shown i n t h i s r e c o r d t h e t r i a l c o u r t d i d n o t a b u s e i t s d i s c r e t i o n i n o v e r r u l i n g a p p e l l a n t ' s motion to s e t a s i d e the v e r d i c t o f t h e j u r y and s e n t e n c e o f t h e c o u r t , and g r a n t a p p e l l a n t a new t r i a l so t h a t he c o u l d p r e s e n t t h e d e f e n s e o f n o t g u i l t y by r e a s o n o f i n s a n i t y . " ) ; M e r e d i t h v. S t a t e , 370 So. 2d 1075, 1076 ( A l a . C r i m . App. 1979) ( " I m m e d i a t e l y b e f o r e t r i a l t h e a p p e l l a n t w i t h d r e w h i s p l e a o f n o t g u i l t y and f i l e d a s i n g l e p l e a o f n o t g u i l t y by r e a s o n o f i n s a n i t y . The c h a n g i n g o f t h e p l e a was p r o p e r l y w i t h i n t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e t r i a l court."). 3 L i k e w i s e , " p l e a s i n a b a t e m e n t , m o t i o n s t o q u a s h , and a l l o t h e r p l e a s [ h a v e b e e n ] a b o l i s h e d . " R u l e 15.1, A l a . R. C r i m . P. Although the Alabama R u l e s of C r i m i n a l Procedure c o n t e m p l a t e m o t i o n s t h a t must be made p r i o r t o , o r a t t h e t i m e of arraignment, these motion, t o o , may be r a i s e d after a r r a i g n m e n t a t the d i s c r e t i o n of the t r i a l c o u r t and/or f o r good c a u s e shown. R u l e 15.3, A l a . R. C r i m . P. 23 CR-09-1628 to determine whether p r e j u d i c e r e s u l t e d . " Hamilton, 368 U.S. a t 55. This apply Court, t o both Vanpelt v. historically, capital State, (recognizing that has i n t e r p r e t e d and n o n c a p i t a l 74 So. 3d 32 arraignment ( A l a . Crim. is a requires the assistance of counsel); So. 2d 546 ( A l a . Crim. App. cases. critical Hamilton to See, e . g . , App. 2009) stage that Drummond v . S t a t e , 353 1977) (reversing a robbery c o n v i c t i o n b e c a u s e Drummond was n o t r e p r e s e n t e d b y c o u n s e l a t arraignment); App. was M a y o l a v. S t a t e , 337 So. 2d 105 1976) ( r e v e r s i n g a k i d n a p p i n g ( A l a . Crim. c o n v i c t i o n because Mayola n o t r e p r e s e n t e d b y c o u n s e l a t a r r a i g n m e n t ) ; a n d T u c k e r v. State, larceny 157 So. 2d 229 conviction ( A l a . App. 1963) ( r e v e r s i n g because Tucker was a grand- not represented by counsel at arraignment). The A l a b a m a Supreme C o u r t , h o w e v e r , i n W e a k l e y v. S t a t e , 721 it So. 2d 235 ( A l a . 1 9 9 8 ) , l i m i t e d t h e r e a c h o f H a m i l t o n as a p p l i e s t o n o n c a p i t a l cases. I n Weakley, t h e Alabama Supreme C o u r t e x p l a i n e d t h a t " [ t ] h e p u r p o s e o f an a r r a i g n m e n t i s t o f o r m a l l y charge a defendant w i t h an o f f e n s e a n d t o a l l o w a p l e a " a n d s u m m a r i z e d t h e f a c t s as f o l l o w s : 24 CR-09-1628 " [ T ] h e r e c o r d i s n o t c l e a r as t o w h e t h e r W e a k l e y a p p e a r e d f o r h e r i n i t i a l a r r a i g n m e n t on M a r c h 14, 1996, w i t h o u t an a t t o r n e y . However, t h e c o u r t ' s c a s e a c t i o n summary s h e e t c o n t a i n s this entry: 'The d e f e n d a n t a p p e a r e d i n c o u r t and p l e d n o t g u i l t y . W i l l h i r e an a t t o r n e y . T r i a l s e t A p r i l 15, 1996, a t 8:30 a.m., w i t h p r e t r i a l A p r i l 10, 1996, at 8:30 a.m.' (Emphasis added.) On A p r i l 9, 1996, a l a w y e r , G. J e a n D a r b y , was a p p o i n t e d t o r e p r e s e n t W e a k l e y . On June 7, 1996, Weakley appeared at a rearraignment, w i t h the b e n e f i t of c o u n s e l . At t h a t t i m e , t h e p u r p o s e o f a r r a i g n m e n t was met. Weakley was a d v i s e d o f t h e o f f e n s e o f w h i c h she was c h a r g e d and was shown a c o p y o f h e r p l e a a g r e e m e n t and t h e ' e x p l a n a t i o n o f r i g h t s and p l e a o f g u i l t y f o r m ' t h a t she had p r e v i o u s l y signed. During an extensive c o l l o q u y w i t h t h e c o u r t , W e a k l e y s t a t e d t h a t she had voluntarily and knowingly entered into these a g r e e m e n t s , and she a c k n o w l e d g e d h e r s i g n a t u r e on them. The court also advised Weakley of her u n q u a l i f i e d c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t t o a t r i a l by j u r y . The c o u r t o r a l l y a s k e d W e a k l e y how she p l e a d e d t o t h e c h a r g e d o f f e n s e , and she r e s p o n d e d , ' G u i l t y . ' After entering a plea of guilty, Weakley was a d j u d g e d t o be g u i l t y . W e a k l e y ' s a t t o r n e y was a l s o present at her s e n t e n c i n g h e a r i n g . " 721 So. 2d at circumstances" case, 237. of the a "rearraignment" Weakley's i n i t i a l further, The Court, case, held after that, "review[ing] in this the noncapital cured the e r r o r of l a c k of counsel arraignment. 721 So. 2d a t 237. The Court held: " I t w o u l d be burdensome and r e d u n d a n t t o r e q u i r e a r e v e r s a l o f t h e c o n v i c t i o n i n t h i s c a s e and have y e t another arraignment. Weakley's rearraignment was s u f f i c i e n t , and no p r e j u d i c e r e s u l t e d f r o m t h e e r r o r at the f i r s t arraignment." 25 at CR-09-1628 W e a k l e y , 721 So. 2d a t 237. noncapital defendant arraignment, case, had this the Thus, Weakley h o l d s Court should assistance of determine counsel and, i f not, determine whether a at that, i n a whether t h e an initial "rearraignment" occurred. H e r e , t h e memorandum a f f i r m i n g t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s d e n i a l of Storey's arraignment claim concludes: "The r e c o r d on d i r e c t a p p e a l e s t a b l i s h e s t h a t on J u l y 3 1 , 2006, i m m e d i a t e l y b e f o r e v o i r d i r e , S t o r e y appeared i n court w i t h h i s t r i a l counsel, Shaun Quinlan, both indictments charging Storey with a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r were r e a d i n h i s p r e s e n c e , a n d t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t n o t e d t h a t a n o t g u i l t y p l e a h a d been entered on S t o r e y ' s behalf. (Record on D i r e c t A p p e a l , R. 37-39.) " A d d i t i o n a l l y , Storey n e i t h e r contended i n the c i r c u i t c o u r t t h a t he s u f f e r e d p r e j u d i c e f r o m t h e e r r o r a t t h e f i r s t a r r a i g n m e n t , n o r does he c o n t e n d on a p p e a l t h a t he s u f f e r e d p r e j u d i c e . " B e c a u s e S t o r e y was ' r e a r r a i g n e d ' a n d s u f f e r e d no prejudice from the error at his first arraignment, he i s n o t e n t i t l e d t o r e l i e f on t h i s c l a i m and, t h e r e f o r e , t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t d i d n o t e r r when i t d e n i e d t h i s c l a i m . " S t o r e y , mem. op. a t 20-21 ( f o o t n o t e s o m i t t e d ) . notes The memorandum that "Although Storey d i d not enter a p l e a a t t h i s t i m e , he n e i t h e r t o o k e x c e p t i o n t o t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t e n t e r i n g a p l e a on h i s b e h a l f , n o r d i d he a t t e m p t t o e n t e r a new o r d i f f e r e n t p l e a a t t h e t i m e t h e 26 CR-09-1628 c i r c u i t c o u r t n o t e d t h a t a g u i l t y p l e a h a d been e n t e r e d on S t o r e y ' s b e h a l f . M o r e o v e r , S t o r e y s t i l l maintains h i s innocence f o r the charges of attempted m u r d e r . (C. 6 1 . ) " Id. a t 20 n.4. Judge W e l c h , and dissenting i n his special i n part, C o u r t ' s memorandum writing contends that concurring i n part this " c o n f u s e [ s ] " arraignment Ala. R. C r i m . P., b e c a u s e , just a routine portion of this w i t h R u l e 19.1, he s a y s , " a r r a i g n m e n t i s more t h a n r e a d i n g of the charges as was done a t t r i a l . O t h e r w i s e , c o m p l i a n c e w i t h R u l e 1 9 . 1 , A l a . R. C r i m . P., render an arraignment less a critical phase of would criminal p r o c e e d i n g s a n d more a h o l l o w e x e r c i s e . " In W e a k l e y , a l t h o u g h t h e Supreme C o u r t t e r m e d second h e a r i n g a "rearraignment," J u s t i c e See, i n h i s s p e c i a l c o n c u r r e n c e , e x p l a i n e d t h a t t h e " r e a r r a i g n m e n t " was a g u i l t y - p l e a proceeding, a t which plea. Weakley, specially). 721 2d actually Weakley e n t e r e d a a t 238 guilty (See, J . , c o n c u r r i n g I n o t h e r w o r d s , W e a k l e y was r e a r r a i g n e d a t t h e same t i m e t h e c i r c u i t R. C r i m . So. Weakley's c o u r t was c o n d u c t i n g a R u l e 14.4, A l a . P., g u i l t y - p l e a colloquy. Thus, t h e p o s i t i o n this C o u r t t a k e s i n i t s memorandum b y a l l o w i n g t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t t o "rearraign" S t o r e y a n d , a t t h e same t i m e , 27 comply w i t h Rule CR-09-1628 19.1, A l a . R. C r i m . P., i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e p o s i t i o n by t h e A l a b a m a Supreme C o u r t when i t a l l o w e d b o t h and a guilty-plea c o l l o q u y pursuant t o Rule taken arraignment 14.4, A l a . R. C r i m . P., t o o c c u r a t t h e same t i m e . Additionally, concurrence I agree with i n Weakley s t a t i n g that Justice See's special "where t h e d e f e n d a n t i s n o t a f f o r d e d c o u n s e l a t an a r r a i g n m e n t f o r a n o n c a p i t a l c r i m e , I would canvass the r e c o r d t o determine whether the defendant had s u f f e r e d a c t u a l p r e j u d i c e t h a t would w a r r a n t a r e v e r s a l o f t h e c o n v i c t i o n a n d a remand f o r r e a r r a i g n m e n t . " 721 So. 2d a t 238. Here, a thorough review of the r e c o r d demonstrates that S t o r e y s u f f e r e d no p r e j u d i c e f r o m t h e f a i l u r e t o have c o u n s e l at his initial contends that arraignment. he w o u l d have Specifically, entered Storey any s p e c i a l neither pleas at a r r a i g n m e n t h a d he h a d t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f c o u n s e l , n o r does t h e r e c o r d i n d i c a t e t h a t any s p e c i a l p l e a s w o u l d have been v i a b l e . Moreover, each for as t h e p r o c e d u r a l h i s t o r y above i n d i c a t e s , a t instance that arraignment S t o r e y appeared before the c i r c u i t S t o r e y was r e c a l c i t r a n t court a n d d i d a l l t h a t he c o u l d t o f r u s t r a t e t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s e f f o r t s t o a r r a i g n him. Specifically, the circuit court 28 attempted to determine CR-09-1628 Storey's indigency questions counsel before b u t S t o r e y r e f u s e d t o answer t h e c i r c u i t arraignment court's and status constantly to appoint interrupted him the circuit court. A d d i t i o n a l l y , a l t h o u g h S t o r e y c o n t e n d s t h a t he was e n t i t l e d t o counsel and a t arraignment, Storey u l t i m a t e l y represented himself at t r i a l Here, i n Weakley, h i s counsel and a t s e n t e n c i n g . burdensome and redundant t o r e q u i r e a r e v e r s a l of the c o n v i c t i o n i n t h i s case and as fired have y e t a n o t h e r t h a t appears, innocence without circuit arraignment," be e s p e c i a l l y when, f o r a l l S t o r e y w o u l d do n o t h i n g more t h a n m a i n t a i n h i s and p r o c e e d to t r i a l - - p r e s u m a b l y choosing t o do so the assistance of counsel. Because suffered " [ i ] t would no Storey was, prejudice, in effect, I concur court's d e n i a l of Storey's 29 rearraigned i n the affirmance arraignment claim. and he of the CR-09-1628 WELCH, J u d g e , c o n c u r r i n g i n part; dissenting i n part. On A u g u s t 22, 2006, T r a v i s counts of attempted murder s e n t e n c e s o f 45 y e a r s ' affirmed issued and t h i s on June Storey and was c o n v i c t e d sentenced 18, 2007. to concurrent His direct imprisonment. Court's a p p e a l was c e r t i f i c a t e o f f i n a l j u d g m e n t was See S t o r e y v. S t a t e , 2 2 7 8 ) , 9 So. 3d 580 ( A l a . C r i m . App. 2007) 2, 2007, S t o r e y seeking filed (No. CR-05- (table). a R u l e 32, A l a . R. C r i m . On J u l y P., petition p o s t c o n v i c t i o n r e l i e f from these c o n v i c t i o n s . f i l e d s e v e r a l amendments t o t h i s p e t i t i o n . r u l e d t h a t none o f S t o r e y ' s his o f two convictions Storey The c i r c u i t court c l a i m s e n t i t l e d him t o r e l i e f from and sentences. Storey appealed challenging the c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s d e n i a l o f seven o f t h e c l a i m s p r e s e n t e d i n his petition. U l t i m a t e l y , f o l l o w i n g t h i s C o u r t ' s remand f o r the c i r c u i t c o u r t t o conduct a h e a r i n g relief denied. requested i n Storey's The m a j o r i t y on c e r t a i n c l a i m s , a l l petition has i s s u e d a n d amendments a memorandum o p i n i o n r e t u r n f r o m o u r remand a f f i r m i n g t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s was on judgment. E x c e p t f o r one c l a i m , I c o n c u r w i t h t h e m a j o r i t y i n a f f i r m i n g the c i r c u i t court. I do b e l i e v e that c l a i m t h a t e n t i t l e d h i m t o a new t r i a l . 30 Storey p r e s e n t e d one Therefore, as t o t h e CR-09-1628 claim discussed below, I respectfully dissent from the majority. Storey contends postconviction that relief he was entitled on h i s c l a i m t h a t to Rule the c i r c u i t court " e r r e d t o t h e d e g r e e o f r e v e r s i b l e e r r o r when i t c o n d u c t e d arraignment i n [ h i s ] case w i t h o u t coun[s]el." acknowledges proceedings, (Storey's that brief, arraignment 32 an [him] b e i n g r e p r e s e n t e d b y p. is a 21.) The critical majority stage of the t h a t t h e f a i l u r e t o be r e p r e s e n t e d b y c o u n s e l a t a r r a i g n m e n t i s a j u r i s d i c t i o n a l d e f e c t i n t h e p r o c e e d i n g s , and that S t o r e y was i n f a c t "initial" arraignment. not represented by c o u n s e l I n i t s memorandum, t h e m a j o r i t y r e l i e s on W e a k l e y v. S t a t e , 721 So. 2d 235 ( A l a . 1 9 9 8 ) , "[a]lthough Storey was initial arraignment, claim," because present not represented before h i s t r i a l Storey because, by he i s n o t e n t i t l e d was began, and t h i s unlike the facts b e l i e v e t h a t S t o r e y was r e a r r a i g n e d . 31 to hold that counsel at h i s t o r e l i e f on "rearraigned" with cured the defect o c c u r r i n g i n h i s f i r s t dissent, at h i s this h i s counsel second arraignment arraignment. i n Weakley, I I must do n o t CR-09-1628 Weakley arraignment. was plea. by Subsequently, counsel appeared before guilty not represented the t r i a l court counsel at h i s was o b t a i n e d and Weakley with h i s counsel The A l a b a m a Supreme C o u r t h e l d first that to enter a Weakley's a p p e a r a n c e a t h i s g u i l t y p l e a p r o c e e d i n g s a t w h i c h W e a k l e y was represented by c o u n s e l , had read t o h i m t h e c h a r g e s t h a t he must d e f e n d , a n d a t w h i c h he was a s k e d t o e n t e r h i s p l e a a n d he r e s p o n d e d t h a t he was e n t e r i n g a g u i l t y p l e a , c o n s t i t u t e d a r e a r r a i g n m e n t c u r i n g h i s f a i l u r e t o have c o u n s e l first arraignment. Weakley suffered Thus, no according prejudice during h i s t o t h e Weakley from the court, failed first arraignment. The m a j o r i t y i n t h i s c a s e r e a s o n s t h a t b e c a u s e S t o r e y was rearraigned with counsel he always maintained prejudice warranting that Storey before histrial began, and because t h a t he was n o t g u i l t y , a reversal. Moreover, the m a j o r i t y notes l o d g e d no o b j e c t i o n t o t h e t r i a l not guilty plea on h i s b e h a l f its memorandum, t h e m a j o r i t y he s u f f e r e d no at the f i r s t court entering a arraignment. states: "The r e c o r d on d i r e c t a p p e a l e s t a b l i s h e s t h a t on J u l y 3 1 , 2006, i m m e d i a t e l y b e f o r e v o i r d i r e , Storey appeared i n court w i t h h i s t r i a l counsel, Shaun Quinlan, both indictments charging Storey with 1 32 In CR-09-1628 a t t e m p t e d m u r d e r were r e a d i n h i s p r e s e n c e , a n d t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t n o t e d t h a t a n o t g u i l t y p l e a h a d been e n t e r e d on S t o r e y ' s b e h a l f . ( R e c o r d on R e t u r n t o Remand, R. 37-39.) 2 "Additionally, Storey n e i t h e r contended i n the c i r c u i t c o u r t t h a t he s u f f e r e d p r e j u d i c e f r o m t h e e r r o r a t t h e f i r s t a r r a i g n m e n t n o r does he c o n t e n d on a p p e a l t h a t he s u f f e r e d p r e j u d i c e . " " B e c a u s e S t o r e y was ' r e a r r a i g n e d ' a n d s u f f e r e d no prejudice from the error at his first a r r a i g n m e n t , he i s n o t e n t i t l e d t o r e l i e f on t h i s c l a i m , and, t h e r e f o r e , t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t d i d n o t e r r when i t d e n i e d t h i s c l a i m . M o r e o v e r , ' [ i ] t w o u l d be burdensome a n d r e d u n d a n t t o r e q u i r e a r e v e r s a l o f t h e c o n v i c t i o n i n t h i s c a s e a n d have y e t a n o t h e r arraignment.' W e a k l e y , 721 So. 2d a t 237. " T h i s C o u r t has h e l d t h a t " [ a ] r r a i g n m e n t may happen any t i m e b e f o r e t r i a l . I n f a c t , a d e f e n d a n t may be a r r a i g n e d a f t e r t h e j u r y h a s been e m p a n e l e d . " Lawson v. S t a t e , 954 So. 2d 1127, 1132 ( A l a . C r i m . App. 2006) ( c i t i n g C a r r o l l v . S t a t e , 445 So. 2d 952 1 " Although Storey d i d not enter a plea at t h i s t i m e , he n e i t h e r t o o k e x c e p t i o n t o t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t e n t e r i n g a p l e a on h i s b e h a l f , n o r d i d he a t t e m p t t o e n t e r a new o r d i f f e r e n t p l e a a t the time the c i r c u i t c o u r t n o t e d t h a t a n o t g u i l t y p l e a h a d been e n t e r e d on S t o r e y ' s b e h a l f . Moreover, Storey s t i l l maintains h i s innocence f o r the charges of attempted m u r d e r . (C. 6 1 . ) " 2 I appeal do n o t b e l i e v e 4 discloses that that the record Storey was from Storey's "rearraigned" direct before h i s I take j u d i c i a l n o t i c e o f t h e r e c o r d from t h e Storey's d i r e c t appeal i n t h i s case. See N e t t l e s v . S t a t e , 731 So. 2d 4 33 CR-09-1628 trial. "The p u r p o s e o f an a r r a i g n m e n t a d e f e n d a n t w i t h an o f f e n s e and State, 721 So. State, 494 2d So. 2d 235, 801 A l a . R. proceeding" statement Crim. ask ( A l a . 1998), w i t h Rule P., that before Rule App. 19.1, i n c l u d e s as be 19.1(b), W e a k l e y v. citing 1986). O'Neal A l a . R. C r i m . an P. and A l a . R. Rule a element of read, v. Arraignment the p r o s e c u t i o n d e l i v e r s " [ t ] h e charges s h a l l defendant s t a t e d . " trial to allow a p l e a . " (Ala. Crim. s h o u l d n o t be c o n f u s e d 19.1, 237 i s to f o r m a l l y charge "trial i t s opening the p l e a of Crim. P. Here, the the c o u r t d i d n o t r e a d t h e i n d i c t m e n t t o S t o r e y and d i d n o t f o r h i s p l e a ; the t r i a l c o u r t read the i n d i c t m e n t to the v e n i r e p a n e l o f p o t e n t i a l j u r o r s and t o l d them t h a t S t o r e y had pleaded and not g u i l t y , and, thus, " [ w ] i t h those indictments by t h e n o t g u i l t y p l e a s t h e s e i s s u e s are j o i n e d f o r purposes of select trial Appeal, advise and we need CR-05-2278, R. Storey of the t h e p u r p o s e was plea. now 39.) to The a i n d i c t m e n t was c h a r g e s so t h a t he (Direct not could enter read I do n o t b e l i e v e t h a t t h e r e a d i n g o f t h e i n d i c t m e n t ( A l a . Crim. App. 1998.) 34 i n substance to a plea; t o i n f o r m the veniremembers of the charges t h e v e n i r e m e m b e r s a t S t o r e y ' s t r i a l was 626 jury and to a second CR-09-1628 a r r a i g n m e n t , and t h u s , t h i s guilty plea proceedings case i s d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e in Weakley, c o n s t i t u t e d a second arraignment. on the grounds that Storey which I from do believe T h e r e f o r e , I cannot received a the affirm curative second arraignment. I can c o n c e d e t h a t i n t h i s i s t h a t S t o r e y was case the t r u t h of the present at t r i a l matter w i t h h i s c o u n s e l and they b o t h most c e r t a i n l y h e a r d t h e r e a d i n g o f t h e c h a r g e s a g a i n s t S t o r e y and t h a t most c e r t a i n l y S t o r e y w a n t e d and i n t e n d e d t o adhere to the p l e a of not guilty c i r c u i t c o u r t on h i s b e h a l f . previously e n t e r e d by Nevertheless, I believe that a r r a i g n m e n t i s more t h a t j u s t a r o u t i n e r e a d i n g o f t h e as was Ala. done a t t r i a l . R. C r i m . P., would the Otherwise, charges compliance w i t h Rule r e n d e r an a r r a i g n m e n t l e s s a 19.1, critical p h a s e o f c r i m i n a l p r o c e e d i n g s and more a h o l l o w e x e r c i s e . "'Whatever may be t h e f u n c t i o n and i m p o r t a n c e o f a r r a i g n m e n t i n o t h e r j u r i s d i c t i o n s , we have s a i d enough t o show t h a t i n A l a b a m a i t i s a c r i t i c a l s t a g e i n a c r i m i n a l p r o c e e d i n g . What h a p p e n s t h e r e may a f f e c t t h e w h o l e t r i a l . A v a i l a b l e d e f e n s e s may be as i r r e t r i e v a b l y l o s t , i f n o t t h e n and t h e r e a s s e r t e d , as t h e y a r e when an a c c u s e d r e p r e s e n t e d by counsel waives a r i g h t f o r s t r a t e g i c purposes. Cf. C a n i z i o v. New Y o r k , 327 U.S. 82, 85, 86, 66 S.Ct. 452, 90 L.Ed. 545.'" 35 an CR-09-1628 B a r n e t t v. S t a t e , 339 So. 2d 1082, 1086-1087 1 9 7 6 ) ( q u o t i n g H a m i l t o n v. A l a b a m a , 368 U.S. ( A l a . Crim. 52 (1961). App. 5 M o r e o v e r , t h e r e i s no r e q u i r e m e n t t h a t a d e f e n d a n t p l e a d prejudice or preserve j u r i s d i c t i o n a l defect. via an objection a "[I]t i s well settled challenge to t h a t a c o u r t can and s h o u l d c o r r e c t a j u r i s d i c t i o n a l e r r o r a t any t i m e . p a r t e P e t e r s o n , 884 So. 2d 924, 926 c o u r t can n o t i c e a j u r i s d i c t i o n a l a duty to c o r r e c t the d e f e c t . ' ) . 11-0458, December 14, App. 2012] a ( A l a . C r i m . App. See Ex 2003) ('A d e f e c t a t any t i m e and has E n f i n g e r v. S t a t e , So. 3d , [Ms. CR- (Ala. Crim. 2012). "'"A j u d g m e n t e n t e r e d by a court lacking subject-matter j u r i s d i c t i o n is a b s o l u t e l y v o i d and w i l l n o t s u p p o r t an a p p e a l ; an a p p e l l a t e c o u r t must d i s m i s s an attempted appeal from such a void j u d g m e n t . " Vann v. Cook, 989 So.2d 556, 559 (Ala.Civ.App.2 0 08).' "MPQ, I n c . v. B i r m i n g h a m R e a l t y Co., 394 ( A l a . 2 0 1 1 ) (emphasis a d d e d ) . " E n f i n g e r v. S t a t e , Additionally, So. 3d a t recently in 1100465, September 7, 2012] 78 So.3d 391, . Ex parte Pritchett, [Ms. So. 3d ( A l a . 2012), a case B a r n e t t and H a m i l t o n a r e c a p i t a l s e n t e n c e was i m p o s e d . cases i n which a death 5 36 CR-09-1628 concerning been a p r o se m o t i o n t o w i t h d r a w a g u i l t y p l e a t h a t h a d entered with the assistance of counsel, without any c o n s i d e r a t i o n to the l a c k of p r e j u d i c e or harmless e r r o r , the A l a b a m a Supreme c o u r t r e a s s e r t e d t h a t a d e f e n d a n t ' s f a i l u r e t o be r e p r e s e n t e d proceedings, by c o u n s e l during a critical phase of court or i n the a l t e r n a t i v e , knowingly waive the r i g h t t o c o u n s e l , was a j u r i s d i c t i o n a l d e f e c t r e q u i r i n g r e v e r s a l o f a conviction for further proceedings. B e c a u s e I do n o t b e l i e v e t h a t S t o r e y was r e a r r a i g n e d as c o n t e m p l a t e d i n W e a k l e y , b e c a u s e j u r i s d i c t i o n a l d e f e c t s do n o t require a trial objection to obtain appellate review, and b e c a u s e t h e A l a b a m a Supreme C o u r t r e a f f i r m e d t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n d u r i n g c r i t i c a l phases of c r i m i n a l proceedings, I as must respectfully dissent from issue. Burke, J . , concurs. 37 the m a j o r i t y to this

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